Gregnitz

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Gregnitz
image
Data
Water code DE : 14122
location Bavaria
River system Danube
Drain over Fichtelnaab  → Waldnaab  → Naab  → Danube  → Black Sea
source approx. 650 m east of the Fichtelsee before the summit of the plate further east
50 ° 1 ′ 6 ″  N , 11 ° 52 ′ 6 ″  E
Source height approx.  763  m above sea level NN
muzzle at the former Schlossgut Selingau (Gem. Ebnath ) in the Fichtelnaab coordinates: 49 ° 57 ′ 19 ″  N , 11 ° 55 ′ 59 ″  E 49 ° 57 ′ 19 ″  N , 11 ° 55 ′ 59 ″  E
Mouth height 531  m
Height difference approx. 232 m
Bottom slope approx. 21 ‰
length 11.1 km
Catchment area 21.13 km²

The Gregnitz (sometimes you can also find the spellings Kregnitz or Krögnitz ) is one of the flowing waters of the Fichtelgebirge in northeast Bavaria and brings its water to Fichtelnaab and thus over the Danube to the Black Sea . It covers about 11 km from the source area to the mouth, flowing through the Bavarian administrative districts of Upper Franconia and Upper Palatinate as well as the districts of Bayreuth , Wunsiedel and Tirschenreuth .

Bach name

In the population, the Bach name is spoken in dialect "Grangerz". The first documented reference to the course of the brook can be found in the boundary description of the lordly forest of the Burgraves of Nuremberg from 1393 in the section “ Kosseine - Fichtelsee ” with the name “Crebenitz” or “Krebenitz”. In the border description of 1536 of the then political territories Palatinate-Bavaria and Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth, the crossing of the "Krednitz" is mentioned in the border course.

In the maps of the Bavarian State Surveying Office the brook is called "Krögnitz", which is wrong and should be changed to "Gregnitz" when the maps are reissued. Different spellings can also be found in the older Fichtelgebirge literature, in today's literature the name "Gregnitz" is used uniformly.

A clear word explanation from linguists is not yet available; the Bach name is very old and probably of Slavic origin. All previous name interpretations are very vague and one misses the first documentary mention. One could assume that the word stem of Gregnitz contains the term for border , since a border ran along the stream very early.

geography

Source area of ​​the Gregnitz

There is no source version for an origin of the Gregnitz. The origin of the creek used to be at the upper southwest slope of the saddle between the lake hill and the plate at about 825  m above sea level. NN . The boundary description from 1536 can be seen: "[...] then the loe through over the pitch, which is called Krednitz, which flows from the origin [...]". Today the named "origin" no longer feeds the Gregnitz, because the upper course was already diverted to the west in 1608 in an artificial ditch. The hammer mills in Fichtelberg needed a lot of water for their systems, the factory owners had the Fichtelseeweiher built in the basin of a creek that ran further to the west and fed it to the Gregenitz upper course. The change in the direction of flow can be clearly seen on the topographical map, because the water diverted to the Fichtelsee, called "Lochbach", runs almost parallel to the contour line on the right slope of the valley basin that sinks to the south.

Course of water

The Gregnitz itself arises today in the longest upper course about 650 m east of the Fichtelsee shore at about 763  m above sea level. NN in the municipality of Fichtelberg in the Bayreuth district. East of the Fichtelsee in the nature reserve See- and Hüttenlohe near the Fichtelgebirgsstraße ( B 303 / E 48 ) it collects several water veins, also from the lower slope of the former source area, which together form a small watercourse, which then flows in an approximately south-south-east direction under the state road 2981, a direction that the water roughly maintains over its entire course. The stream flows around the Gregnitzhügel, named after him, to the east and continues through the high forest past the Neuweiher until it crosses into the open corridor at Lochbühl and at the same time into the area of ​​the municipality of Nagel in the Wunsiedel district in the Fichtelgebirge.

Now it continues to flow about southeast and soon reaches the main town of Nagel. At the Gregnitz bridge with a Nepomuk figure, the stream takes up the outflow from the Mühlweiher ( Nagler See ) and then continues in the previous direction, initially in an open landscape. Where it reaches the high forest again, trees block the watercourse; a small lake landscape has formed here. Felled trees and gnawed tree stumps indicate the presence of the beaver . To the east of the beaver reservoir there are mighty rock walls, where granite was previously mined. The light core granite became known for its special technical properties and its extraordinary resistance to weathering.

Beaver dam in the Gregnitz

Now the valley is getting narrower, the most beautiful and interesting part of the Gregnitz valley begins in the Tirschenreuth district, in which it runs south. Sack-like blocks of blocks or rock thresholds lie irregularly on top of or next to each other in the stream bed. They are thundering around them or the water cascades down over them. Depending on the season, the Gregnitz carries more or less water, and accordingly its stream bed offers a different, wild and romantic sight. At the Grünlasmühle (municipality of Brand ), which was first mentioned in a document in 1630 in the tax books, the Gregnitz presents itself as a rushing waterfall during high water. There she drove two large overshot wooden mill wheels in a wheel room until 1914 and the gates of a cutting saw until 1940.

At the former Schlossgut Selingau in the municipality of Ebnath , the Gregnitz flows from the left at 531  m above sea level. NN in the Fichtelnaab . The stream from Nagel to Ebnath is accompanied by a marked hiking trail, part of the Main-Danube long-distance hiking trail.

Catchment area

The Gregnitz drains an area of ​​21.1 km² southeast of the Fichtelnaab . In the north, about 1.0 km² are cut off by the system of the zum Fichtelsee and its draining Lochbach on the southern slope of the lake hill ( 953  m above sea level ). The watershed therefore runs from a low threshold between Fichtelsee and the source along the lower slope of the lake hill to the east to the summit of the Platte ( 885  m above sea level ), today the second highest point of the catchment area, on the other side the drainage area of ​​the Röslau adjoins. From there, the watershed on this section stretches very clearly about southeast over the Prinzenfels ( 751  m above sea level ) and the Vorderen Ringberg ( 771  m above sea level ) to the Hohen Matze ( 813  m above sea level ), then steeply down to one only a little over 650  m above sea level. NN lying threshold and then to the east again steeply up to the summit of the Kosseine ( 939  m above sea level ), the highest point on the northeast tip. In a fairly steady gradient, the border initially pulls southwest, then southwards up to 659  m above sea level. NN high summit in Scheibenschlag, where it bends west-southwest and up to the mouth at 531  m above sea level. NN descends.

The subsequent right watershed to the catchment area of ​​the Fichtelnaab runs northwest, reaches only low heights, is little removed from the course and only reaches heights of 650  m above sea level in the slow ascent to the Gregnitzhügel ( 756  m above sea level ) . NN ; the maximum height is on this side of the water between the origin and the near southern end of the Fichtelsee at 804  m above sea level. NN towering Hüttenberg.

Tributaries

  • Steinlohbach , from the left and from the northwest in Nagel , 2.9 km and 4.3 km². In the lower reaches of the village it flows through the approx. 4.1 hectare Nageler See .
  • Grünlasbach , from the left and from the northeast in front of the Grünlasmühle, 4.1 km and 6.9 km².
  • Mordbach , from the right and from the northwest at the foot of the Fuhrmannsreuth through which it previously flowed , approx. 1.1 km and approx. 1.5 km².

legend

Gold panning stone in the Gregnitz

The hiking trail through the Gregnitz valley leads past a boulder in the creek bed with two different sized circular depressions; they are the legendary Venice bowls. The Venedians would have panned gold there. The gold-containing stones were placed in the larger depression and pounded there, and the grains of sand were then washed out with Gregnitz water. The gold remained in the granite basin. In reality, the pits are hollows in the granite created by erosion, science has found. They are mock vortex holes that were created by the eroding flowing water.

literature

  • Dietmar Herrmann, Helmut Süssmann: Fichtel Mountains, Bavarian Vogtland, Steinwald, Bayreuther Land. Lexicon . Ackermannverlag, Hof (Saale) 2000, ISBN 3-929364-18-2 .
  • Dietmar Herrmann: In the Gregnitz valley. In: The Seven Star . 2009, p. 138
  • Georg Regulator: In the Grenitztal . In: The Seven Star . 1927, p. 105
  • MZ: Gregnitz Valley . In: The Seven Star . 1925, p. 18
  • Erich Pöllmann: In the Gregnitz valley . In: The Seven Star . 1962, p. 4
  • Monumenta Zollerana . Volume VIII, No. 403
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Singer : The land book of the six offices from 1499 . Wunsiedel 1987, p. 211
  • Ernst Schwarz: Language and Settlement in Northeast Bavaria . Nuremberg 1960, p. 322
  • Huh Schuberth: A contribution to the history of settlement in northern Upper Franconia . Self-published, Hof 1953, p. 14
  • Ludwig Vogt: The names of the waters of the Fichtelgebirge . In: The Seven Star . 1960, p. 5
  • Dirk Götschmann : Upper Palatinate iron . Theuern 1985, p. 191
  • Heinrich Vollrath: The changes in the water network through stream diversions in the High Fichtel Mountains . In: The Seven Star . 1976, pp. 112-116
  • Heinrich Vollrath: Erosion forms of granite in northeast Bavaria. 31. Report of the North Upper Franconian Association for Nature, History and Regional Studies . Hof 1984, p. 64

Web links

Commons : Gregnitz (River)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

BayernAtlas ("BA")

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Gregnitz
General introduction without default settings and layers: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( notes )

  1. ↑ Height queried on the official map background layer (right click).
  2. ↑ Height according to the blue lettering on the official map background layer .
  3. ↑ The area of ​​the lake measured on the official map background layer .
  4. ↑ Length measured on the official map background layer .
  5. ↑ Catchment area measured on the official map background layer .

Water directory Bavaria ("GV")

  1. ↑ a b c Length according to: List of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Naab river area, page 7 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 4.0 MB) (The following page for the tributaries. Numbers of pages may change.)
  2. ↑ a b c catchment area according to: List of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Naab river area, page 7 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 4.0 MB) (The following page for the tributaries. Page numbers may change.)