Great Radical
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Great Radical
Hohendubrau municipality
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| Height : | 260 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 4.44 km² |
| Residents : | 334 (Jun 30, 2014) |
| Population density : | 75 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1995 |
| Postal code : | 02906 |
| Area code : | 035876 |
Groß Radisch ( Upper Sorbian ) is a church village in the Saxon Upper Lusatia . With around 350 inhabitants, Groß Radisch is the third largest district in the municipality of Hohendubrau in the Görlitz district .
The name prefix serves to distinguish it from the village of Klein-Radisch ( Radšowk ), which is about ten kilometers away .
geography
The place is located on the southern slope of the Hohen Dubrau and is one of the highest places in the central district area. Large parts of the forests surrounding the place are part of a nature reserve. The Quitzdorf dam , one of the largest reservoirs in Saxony, extends around five kilometers northeast of the town . To the east of Groß Radisch rises the Monumentberg , on which an observation tower is enthroned.
Surrounding places are Leipgen and Steinölsa in the north, Kollm in the northeast, Diehsa in the east, Thräna in the southeast, Jerchwitz in the south, Gebelzig in the southwest and Ober Prauske and Weigersdorf in the west.
history
The place is mentioned for the first time in 1392 and is mentioned in a document in 1419 as Radeschaw in the Görlitz Rügen Court protocol. The church is mentioned as early as 1346 in the diocese register of the diocese of Meißen , but its temporal authenticity is disputed. In the 15th and 16th centuries the estate was owned by the von Gersdorff auf Gebelzig family, then in 1682 it passed into the possession of the von Nostitz family . In the short period from 1646 to 1659 the Großradischer Kirche was a branch church of the Gebelziger Church.
The scrap wood church was demolished in April 1801 because it was dilapidated. The massive new building was inaugurated on November 8 of the same year, and the tower was also completed the following year. In honor of the late landowner Johann Carl Adolph von Nostitz , who is considered to be a sponsor of the new church, his widow donates a memorial on December 26, 1800. This is from now on named for its location, the Monumentberg.
After the Wars of Liberation , the Kingdom of Saxony was reduced in size in favor of Prussia in 1815, and a large part of Upper Lusatia became Prussian. In the subsequent reform, Groß Radisch was assigned to the district of Rothenburg (province of Silesia). In 1829, Weigersdorf was re-parished from Baruth, who remained Saxon, to Groß Radisch, so that the parish now consists of Groß Radisch, Thräna and Weigersdorf.
Until 1915 there was also a service in Sorbian in addition to the German service . On July 24, 1917, the middle and small bells had to be handed in for war purposes. In the following four years only the small bell in the church tower, which cracked on top of that, rang. On June 19, 1921, three new cast steel bells were inaugurated as a replacement for the broken or damaged bells. A valuable Marien altar with Sorbian writing was stolen from the church in 1990.
On April 1, 1938, the community of Stiftswiese (between 1936 and 1947 the name Thränas ), to which the Jerchwitz district has belonged since 1928 , is incorporated into Groß Radisch.
There are no records that could provide reliable information about the establishment of the school. Johann Křižan is named in the school chronicle of 1699 as the first cantor and teacher in the school at Groß Radisch. Due to the increasing number of pupils (up to 180), a new school was built in 1887. From 1966 the children attend school in the neighboring town of Gebelzig. The old school building was demolished in 2005 because it was in disrepair; the second school building now houses apartments, a community hall and offices.
On July 1, 1995, Groß Radisch and its neighboring communities Gebelzig and Weigersdorf merged to form the community of Hohendubrau.
At the beginning of 2007, hurricane Kyrill covered most of the north and east sides of the church tower roof, which also affected the roof of the nave . In the course of the same year, the church was then completely re-covered.
Population development
| year | Residents |
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| 1825 | 433 |
| 1863 | 518 |
| 1871 | 546 |
| 1885 | 476 |
| 1905 | 436 |
| 1925 | 452 |
| 1939 | 713 |
| 1946 | 811 |
| 1950 | 738 |
| 1964 | 592 |
| 1971 | 591 |
| 1988 | 554 |
| 1990 | 526 |
| 1995 | 525 |
| 1999 | 386 |
| 2002 | 362 |
| 2008 | 352 |
In 1777 there were 5 possessed men , 13 gardeners and 25 cottagers in Groß Radisch .
In the 19th century the population increased from 433 inhabitants in 1825 to 546 in 1871. Thereafter, a decline was recorded until the beginning of the 20th century, in 1905 the population was only 436. Until the interwar period a slight increase can be observed.
According to official data, the number of Sorbian-speaking inhabitants was 243 in 1863 and according to Arnošt Muka's statistics it was 389 in 1884. This corresponds to a proportion of the total population of 46.9% and 76.3% respectively. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik only had 15 speakers in the community, including one young person. This corresponds to a share of just 2%.
After the Second World War , the population grew by around 100 people compared to the pre-war level, which, however, was reached again in the early 1950s. As early as 1964, the number of 592 inhabitants was around 120 below the number in 1939. The general decline in the birth rate in the GDR in the 1970s only had a minor impact on the size of the population in Groß Radisch, which only shrank by around 50 before the reunification of Germany.
There has been a downward trend since the late 1990s, with the population shrinking from 386 in 1999 to 352 in 2008.
Place name
As with Klein-Radisch, the place name was certainly derived from a personal name. It may be a short name like Radiš or Radoš . Besides Radeschaw there is still 1,419 Radischwicz and 1422 Radischaw . In 1490 the name changed to Radischo and in 1533 to Radischau . From 1670 the village is known as Radisch . In 1767 the place was given its current name Groß Radisch .
More recent occurrences of the Sorbian name are Radżicżow (1767 by Christian Knauthe ), Wulki Raczow (1800) and Wulki Radšow (1835). The transition from Wulki Radšow (Great Radish) and Mały Radšow (Little Radish) to the name forms Radšow and Radšowk takes place around the middle of the 19th century. The place name of the "big" place becomes the basic name, which is adapted for the "small" place name by means of the diminutive suffix -k. A similar process in the vicinity can be observed at Groß Saubernitz and Kleinsaubernitz .
Culture and sights
Particularly noteworthy here are the observation tower built from 2000 to 2001 on the Monumentberg and the monument that gave the 292 m high mountain its name. The monument commemorates Johann Carl Adolf von Nostitz .
From a cultural point of view, the cherry festival, which has developed into one of the largest folk festivals in the area, deserves special mention. It takes place annually on the second weekend in July. Furthermore, the annual cherry blossom hike on a Sunday at the end of April or beginning of May as well as the festival of lights with a Christmas concert that takes place on the Saturday before the 3rd Advent are noteworthy.
literature
- Preacher and church history of the church district Rothenburg (Lausitz) Festschrift for the general church visit 1933 . Rothenburg 1933 (Reprint: Niederlausitzer Verlag, Guben 2009, ISBN 978-3-935881-65-4 ).
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . 1st edition. Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 247 f .
- The Niesky district - a journey through the past . 1st edition. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1993, ISBN 3-89264-843-3 .
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-929091-96-8 , p. 282 f .
Footnotes
- ↑ Steffen Menzel: New findings on first mentions of Upper Lusatian localities . In: Presidium of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences e. V. (Ed.): New Lusatian Magazine . No. 137 . Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences V., Görlitz, ISBN 978-3-9814990-6-3 .
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1995
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved December 4, 2008 .
- ↑ a b From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. P. 281.
- ↑ The population figures between 1939 and 1995 apply to Groß Radisch, Jerchwitz and Thräna together.
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved December 4, 2008 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 117 .
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 254 .
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 245 .
Web links
- Groß Radisch website
- Groß Radisch in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Pictures from Groß Radisch in the Deutsche Fotothek