Großwelka

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City of Bautzen
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 38 ″  N , 14 ° 23 ′ 3 ″  E
Height : 210 m above sea level NN
Area : 2.25 km²
Residents : 254  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 113 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1936
Incorporated into: Kleinwelka
Postal code : 02625
Area code : 035935
Auritz Bloaschütz Bolbritz Burk Döberkitz Gesundbrunnen Großwelka Innenstadt Kleinwelka Kleinseidau Löschau Lubachau Nadelwitz Niederkaina Nordostring Oberkaina Oberuhna Ostvorstadt Salzenforst Schmochtitz Stiebitz Südvorstadt Teichnitz Temritz Westvorstadtmap
About this picture
Location of Großwelka in Bautzen
Location of Großwelka and its neighboring towns on a map from 1844/46
Aerial view

Großwelka , Wulki Wjelkow in Upper Sorbian ? / i , is a place in the East Saxon district of Bautzen and has been part of the large district town of Bautzen since 1999 . Since 2007 it has officially counted as a district. It is located in Upper Lusatia and is in the Sorbian settlement area . Audio file / audio sample

The place name comes from the Sorbian word wjelk for wolf and thus means "Groß-Wolfsdorf".

geography

The place is located about four kilometers northwest of Bautzen city center directly west of Kleinwelka . The surroundings are hilly and rise to the south to the Wiewalze (249 m).

Großwelka is a manor settlement in terms of its layout, with the residential buildings outside the property being arranged in the form of a street village.

The neighboring towns are Kleinwelka in the east, Kleinseidau in the southeast, Salzenforst in the southwest and Schmochtitz in the west.

history

The place was probably first mentioned in 1225 as the manor of Everhardus de Wilchow , although the allocation is not certain. 1416 was the first reliable mention as great in Welkaw ; In any case, Großwelka was already a knight's seat in the early 15th century and remained the seat of a manor until the 20th century.

The Saxon chamberlain August Adolph von Below, who took over the estate in 1745, did not allow the neighboring colony of the Moravian Brethren to take drinking water from its waters and organized his own church services on the estate to keep his subjects away from the Moravian. As early as 1746 he set up a school for boys in the village, which got its own building in 1765. Scholarships were awarded to gifted students.

In 1800 the castle was destroyed by fire and then rebuilt in a simplified way. In the Second World War , the palace complex, which was located in the western part of the village, was again badly damaged and then partially demolished.

Großwelka was an independent rural community until 1936, when it was incorporated into neighboring Kleinwelka . In 1999 the Kleinwelka community was incorporated into Bautzen.

population

With 217 inhabitants, Großwelka was a relatively large town in 1834, although the number, unlike Kleinwelka, which was expanded by the Herrnhutern in the 18th and 19th centuries, stagnated and has not changed noticeably to this day. Arnošt Muka had 204 inhabitants in the 1880s, 165 of them Sorbs (81%) and 39 Germans. At that time Großwelka was still predominantly Sorbian, while Kleinwelka was one of the few villages in the area that were mostly German. However, the proportion of Sorbian speakers in town has fallen sharply since then. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of 31.1% in the community of Kleinwelka, to which Großwelka now also belonged. In Großwelka itself, it should have been a little higher due to the aforementioned conditions.

The population is mostly Evangelical Lutheran, with a tenth being Roman Catholic in the 19th century. The place was parish to Göda from the 17th to the 19th century and today belongs to the parish of St. Michael in Bautzen.

Infrastructure

Figures in the Großwelka dinosaur garden, which, in contrast to the dinosaur park, also shows mammoths and prehistoric people

The new route of the S 106, designed as a bypass of Bautzen, runs directly west of Großwelka and enables a fast connection to the federal motorway 4 (Dresden - Görlitz) and the federal highway 6 to Bischofswerda and from 2013 also in the direction of Zittau .

Attractions

Personalities

  • Friedrich von Heyden (1838–1926), chemist, was the landowner of Großwelka for several years and lived there
  • Franz Gruß (1931–2006), sculptor and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit, founder of the dinosaur park, lived in the village for a long time

literature

  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Großwelka. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 31. Booklet: Bautzen Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1908, p. 94.
  • Olaf Bastian, Henriette Joseph, Haik Thomas Porada: Oberlausitzer Heide- und Teichlandschaft - a regional study , Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2005, p. 254 ff.

Web links

Commons : Großwelka / Wulki Wjelkow  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Gross-Welka  - sources and full texts
  • Großwelka in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
  2. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 245 .