Ports of Saint Petersburg
| Ports of Saint Petersburg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Data | |||
| UN / LOCODE | RU LED | ||
| operator | several | ||
| opening | middle Ages | ||
| Port type | Protective harbor | ||
| Throughput | 57.8 million t. (2012) | ||
| Geographic information | |||
| place | St. Petersburg | ||
| City with subject status | St. Petersburg | ||
| Country | Russia | ||
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| Coordinates | 59 ° 55 '24 " N , 30 ° 9' 5" E | ||
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The ports of Saint Petersburg ( Russian Порты Санкт-Петербурга Porty Sankt-Peterburga ) include the port and industrial areas of the Russian city of Saint Petersburg as well as other landing and transshipment points. St. Petersburg is now the second largest Russian port and one of the largest container ports in Europe.
geography
The ports are located in the Neva estuary west of the city of St. Petersburg. The city, originally built in the Neva Bay on the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea , rests on 42 islands . There used to be more, but now numerous canals between islands have been filled in. The buildings themselves had to be built two to four meters above sea level . Canals and bridges , along with the quays, shape the cityscape.
In front of the port complex is the Petersburg dam ( KAD (А 118, ring road) ) leading across the island of Kotlin . This road embankment acts as a breakwater and protects the port areas to the east from flooding. Directly behind the dam line are seven smaller islands that were converted into forts in the 18th century as a military line of defense . Today, all types of shipping can be found at the roughly 25 partly private and partly state-operated landing stages, which are spread over 70 km along the coastline around the bay. Connected via this dam is the Kronschtadt district (Kronstadt) , the military port / traditional Russian naval base , attached to the island .
history
Shipping, especially fishing, was already practiced in St. Petersburg in the early Middle Ages . In the 10th century there was evidence of a trading center for various Finno-Ugric peoples . The Swedish settlement initially fell in the 13th century, but the place retained its strategic importance. In 1611, the use of the landfall near the Nyenschanz Fortress in today's St. Petersburg is considered to be secure . In 1656, Russian troops conquered the area during the Second Northern War, and after the destruction, a planned reconstruction began in 1703. The tsar ordered the entire city and the offshore island to be fortified and expanded into a military and trading port. Around 1709, the Volga-Baltic Sea Canal was pierced to the Neva, creating a direct connection to the Caspian Sea and the White Sea for shipping . From 1720, under Tsar Peter I , almost all of Russian foreign trade was relocated from Arkhangelsk to St. Petersburg. The location grew rapidly, which was due to the strong concentration of military units, and contributed to the development of St. Petersburg as well as the expansion and connection to the north-west Russian canal system that began in the 18th century. The railway reached the port around 1860 and also opened up the hinterland via the Nikolaibahn . St. Petersburg became a metropolis. From 1905 onwards, the economy went downhill amidst social unrest , mutinies and conditions similar to civil war. A revival did not start again until after Lenin's death at the end of the 1920s, and around 1940 three million people lived in the metropolitan area renamed Leningrad . During the Second World War , under the Leningrad blockade, the economy collapsed and only returned to its previous size in 1960. In the 1990s, the old name St. Petersburg was reverted to, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union , the ports were partially privatized, extensively renovated and partially rebuilt. For example, to the port for ferry and liner shipping that had existed since the 1980s, another port was added in the late 2000s, which is specially geared to the rapidly increasing cruise tourism. For more than 300 years the ports of St. Petersburg were the busiest in Russia. It was not until the 2010s that more goods were handled in the newly built port of Ust-Luga , whereas the number of passengers in St. Petersburg increased sharply.
present
Today the ports of St. Petersburg are divided into different areas, which are equipped according to their respective purposes. These are listed, for example from west to east:
Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
| Port part | Port type | location | Quay length | depth | use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kotlin - Kronstadt | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 16 m | Russian naval fleet | ||
| Lomonosov new port | seaport | ⊙ | 1200 m, quay wall | 16 m | Containers, chemicals, 5 gantry cranes , Ro-Ro ramp, outdoor storage areas, tank farms, rail connection | |
| Lomonosov Gavan | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 3000 m, quay wall | 5-6 m | Bulk and bulk goods, 2 RoRo ramps, open-air storage areas, indoor storage facilities, former military port, rail connection | |
| Petergof Yakht Club | 3 docks | ⊙ | approx. 600 m, sloping bank | Land and water berths for small vehicles , floating jetty, clubhouse, slipway | ||
| Petergof yacht investor | Pier | ⊙ | 300 m, quay wall | Landing bridge for large yachts, beacon , Imperial Yachts Museum, scheduled ferry to the state port | ||
| Petrodvortsovy Marina | Marina | ⊙ | 170 m quay wall | Berths for recreational boating, crane, clubhouse | ||
| Strelna Marina | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 100 m, quay walls | Floating docks, boat dealers, docks for muscle vehicles, clubhouse, camping, helipads , runway for UL 100 m | ||
| Krasnoselsky | 2 docks | ⊙ | approx. 600 m, banked banks | Land and water berths for small vehicles, some floating jetties, night club, slipway | ||
| Yacht club "BALTIETs" | Marina | ⊙ | 2000 m quay wall | approx. 350 berths in water and 1000 berths on land, boat houses, slipway, clubhouse | ||
| Neftyanoy Oil Terminal | Roadstead | ⊙ | Landing bridges | several terminals with pumps, pipelines , tank farms, fire extinguishing systems, rail connections | ||
| Container terminals | Harbor basin | ⊙ | approx. 3700 m quay wall | 14 gantries, Reach Stacker , reefer , open storage areas, waiting places, customs clearance, TRAIN | ||
| Fishing terminals | Harbor basin | ⊙ | approx. 1400 m quay wall | Cranes, reefers, rail connections | ||
| Steel Harbor (Neva) | Harbor basin | ⊙ | approx. 1300 m quay wall | 5 gantry cranes, industrial trucks, outdoor and indoor storage areas, waiting areas, customs clearance, rail connection | ||
| Bolshoy shipyard | Harbor basin | ⊙ | approx. 2800 m quay wall | Cranes, floating docks , dry docks , shipyards, industrial trucks, outdoor and indoor storage areas, waiting areas, public transport | ||
| Vostochnyy car loading | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 750 m quay wall | 5 gantry cranes, ro-ro ramp, outdoor storage areas, waiting areas, rail connection | ||
| Barochnyy industrial port | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 2300 m quay wall | 18 gantry cranes, outdoor and indoor storage areas, car loading, scrap loading, rail connection | ||
| Morskoy canal port | Lands | ⊙ | 2700 m quay wall | 16 gantry cranes, 2 mobile cranes, outdoor and indoor storage areas, ro-ro ramp, truck loading, coal port, rail connection | ||
| Kanonerskiy shipyard port | Harbor basin | ⊙ | approx. 2800 m quay wall | 5 gantry cranes, floating docks , dry docks , shipyards, industrial trucks, outdoor and indoor storage areas, waiting areas | ||
| Gutuyevskiy Harbor | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 400 m quay wall | Beacons, jetties, supply ship, coast guard berths, | ||
| Reka Bolshaya Neva | Lands | ⊙ | 1400 m quay wall | 6 gantry cranes + 5 gantry cranes onshore, outdoor and indoor storage coast guard, rail connection + scrap loading | ||
| Neva river port | Lands | ⊙ | 1800 m quay wall | 4 gantry cranes, 2 shipyard docks, heavy duty slab, factory halls, waiting areas, rail connection | ||
| Passenger terminal line | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 1000 m quay wall | Pier for passenger shipping on regular services, 2 ro-ro ramps, parking spaces, public transport | ||
| Cruise passenger terminal | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 2100 m quay wall | Pier for passenger shipping for cruises , ATM , public transport | ||
| Petrogradsky Marinas | Marina | ⊙ | Quays and jetties | 4 m | 280 berths for recreational shipping, several clubhouses, sports facilities, regional ferry connections | |
| Nevka sailing center | Marina | ⊙ | Quays and jetties | 220 berths in water, approx. 100 dry berths mainly for sailors , clubhouses, boat rentals | ||
| Primorskiy Gerkukus | Harbor basin | ⊙ | Quays and jetties | Water berths, crane, slipway, clubhouse | ||
| Primorskiy North | Harbor basin | ⊙ | 1400 m quay wall | 2 gantry cranes + 1 floating crane, construction port, outdoor storage areas for bulk and bulk goods, agriculture, former rail connection | ||
| Sestroretsk Marina | Marina | ⊙ | Quays and jetties | Water berths, boat houses, clubhouse | ||
| Terijoki yacht club | Marina | ⊙ | Quays and jetties | Land and water berths, slipway, clubhouse, boat rental |
Infrastructure
State port
The heart of the ports is the State Port , the Great Port of Saint Petersburg , where most of the goods handled are handled. In 2008 almost 60 million tons of goods were handled there. The area, which had grown over centuries, was only clearly delimited in 2009 and the individual terminals were structured. Most of the landing stages have rail connections. There are also icebreakers , pilot boats , around 20 tugs and a fire-fighting ship.
Passenger port for regular services
Immediately to the east of the state port is the passenger port for regular services at the Neva estuary. This port was built in the 1970s, opened in 1982 and specially designed for liner shipping . There are customs clearance, ro-ro ramps for loading cars, public transport connections and spacious parking spaces. Most national and international ferry and scheduled connections are handled there.
Passenger port for cruises
A little further north, a separate passenger port for the large cruise ships was built in the 2000s and opened in 2008. There you are primarily set up for larger tour groups on shore excursions or city tours. There are hotel complexes, bus terminals and an ATM. Up to 12,000 travelers are handled daily.
Saint Petersburg naval base
The Russian naval navy maintains its main naval base in the Baltic Sea on the island of Kotlin in Kronstadt . Although it is ice-free all year round, the access to the Atlantic leads through NATO waters, so that important naval ports are also maintained in the North Sea and on the Black Sea coast . In recent years, however, these port facilities have become increasingly important in economic terms due to the available discharge depth of 16 m, especially for large and deep container ships .
Recreational boating
Around the Newabucht in Sankt Peterburg there are about 20 marinas for small vehicles and yacht harbors of different equipment (see list above) as well as some boat dealers and shipyards. There is also a water taxi / water bus system for passenger shipping, which serves both the coastal locations and the inner-city canal system, partly according to the schedule and partly in private transport. The moorings change occasionally according to the needs and the prevailing weather and traffic conditions.
Traffic control center
Since 1960, ship traffic in the greater Saint Petersburg area has been controlled by a traffic control center.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Port of St. Petersburg from early history to the present day
- ^ A b Online encyclopedia on the culture and history of Germans in Eastern Europe at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- ↑ a b History of St. Petersburg
- ↑ Verkehrsrundschau
- ^ Lomonosov Gavan
- ↑ a b c State port
- ↑ a b passenger port scheduled services
- ↑ a b Passenger Port Cruiseships
- ↑ Cover 2007/8
- ↑ Press report world
- ^ Port of Kronstadt
- ^ Marinas in St. Petersburg
- ↑ Water taxis
- ↑ Water buses
- ^ North-Western Basin Branch - VTS Services , Rosmorport, accessed December 21, 2018.
- ^ Baltic Transport Communication and Regional Development: D10.1: Overview of VTS in the Finnish Gulf , Version 1.0, August 2000, p. 13.