Hello
Hello in German is an oral or written, informal greeting , especially among acquaintances or friends. As an interjection , the expression is also used similar to the outdated call “Heda!” To draw attention to yourself: “Hello, is there someone there?” Another interjection - “But hello!” - has the meaning of an affirmation (for example: “ You are so right! ”) Or contradicting it (for example:“ You are overlooking something essential! ”). The use of the question “Hello?” With a different emphasis to call someone to their senses has been used more and more recently.
The selected emphasis, facial expressions and gestures of the speaker are essential for the respective meaning.
From the exclamation the substantiated form "a hello", which is emphasized in contrast to the other forms on the second syllable, is derived, which denotes a (happy) noisy mess ("He was received with a big hello").
origin
In terms of linguistic history, several possibilities of origin are discussed. The first sees an origin from Old High German “ halōn ”, Middle High German “ halen ” for “call, fetch”. The second possibility would be a relationship with "holla", the abbreviated call "Get over!" To the ferryman . The origin of “ halal ” ( Hebrew for praise, glorify, exclaim) is also discussed.
The first word that Thomas Alva Edison with he invented phonograph chronicled and reproduced, a "hello" (was Hello ). However , “Hello” only came into everyday language - at least German and English - with the development and spread of telephones. Edison further developed the telephone, patented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, and prevailed with his proposal Hello in 1877 against Bell, who favored " Ahoy " as a greeting. Hello was an unusual greeting in the USA before the 1880s and is said to be derived from Halloo , a call to a ferryman. In French , “allô” has retained its origins as a pure telephone greeting, here “salut” is used instead in the personal greeting.
The greeting may also be of Hungarian origin. When testing the first American telephone exchange, which was developed by Hungarian scientists ( Tivadar Puskás ), the word " hallom " (Hungarian: "I hear it") is said to have been used, or " hallod " (Hungarian: "do you hear?" ).
Similar greetings in other languages
- Albanian : Mirdita, Tungjatjeta (on the phone: Alo )
- Arabic : أهلاً ، مرحبا. Ahlan !, Marhaba! ألو (on the phone: Alu! )
- Bengali : নমস্কার (Namaskar! - spoken: Nomoshkar )
- Bulgarian : Здравей !, Здрасти! [Zdraveĭ !, Zdrasti! (Duzform)], Здравейте! [Zdraveĭte! (Siezform)]
- Chinese : 你好 ! ( Ní hao ), on the phone: 喂 (wéi / wèi)
- Danish : Hey!
- Dzongkha : Kuzoozangpo la (formal), Kuzoozangpo (friendly)
- English : Hello !, Hi! ; occasionally hello!
- Esperanto : salute!
- Estonian : Tere!
- Farsi : Salam! (on the phone: Alo!), Ahay!
- Fiji : Bula!
- Finnish : Terve !, Hei !, Moi !, Moro!
- French : Salut !, Bonjour! (On the phone: Allô )
- Georgian : გამარჯობა , ( gamardschoba ; literally: be victorious ), Siezform / plural: გამარჯობათ (gamardschobat).
- Greek : Γειά! , ( yes )
- Hawaiian : Aloha !
- Hebrew : ! שלום( Shalom! )
- Hindi : नमस्ते (Namaste!)
- Indonesian : Halo!
- Italian : Ciao! (amicably), Buongiorno! (formal), Pronto! (on the phone)
- Japanese : こ ん に ち は ! konnichi wa! (formal), お ー い ! ōi! (amicably), も し も し moshimoshi (on the phone)
- Khmer : Tchum-reaup Suw!
- Korean : 안녕하세요 ! ( Annyeong Haseyo! )
- Croatian : Bog ! ("Good day!")
- Latin : Ave / Salve (or in the plural Salvete )
- Latvian : Čau! Sveiki!
- Lithuanian : Labas!
- Malagasy : Salama!
- Malay : shark!
- Maori : Tena Koe
- Mongolian : Сайн уу!
- Low German : Moin moin!
- Dutch : Hello !, Hoi!
- Norwegian : Hey !, Hello !, Morn!
- Polish : Cześć! (Greeting), Halo! (only on the phone)
- Portuguese : Olá! ( Portugal ), Oi! Alô (on the phone) ( Brazil )
- Romanian : Salut! (friendly), Bună ziua! (formal) or just Bună! (the latter among friends and acquaintances mainly in the south of Romania), Alo (only on the phone), Ciao! (amicably), Sărut mâna! (Eng. Kiss the hand !, nowadays only used in Transylvania against women)
- Russian : Привет! ( Private! ) Алло! ( Allo! On the phone)
- Swedish : Hej !, Hallå! , God dag!
- Swiss German : Hoi !, Sali !, Bye!
- Serbian : Zdravo !, Alo! (on the phone)
- Slovak : Ahoj !, Halo (on the phone)
- Spanish : ¡Hola! (On the phone: ¡Diga !, ¡Dígame !, ¿Sí ?, ¡Aló!)
- Tamil : வணக்கம்! (vaṇakkam)
- Thai : สวัสดี! (Sawadee)
- Czech : Nazdar !, Ahoj !, Čau !, Halo! (on the phone)
- Turkish : Merhaba! (greeting), Alo! (on the phone)
- Ukrainian : Привіт! (Priwit!)
- Hungarian : Szia! (amicably), Szervusz! (formal), Halló! (on the phone)
- Vietnamese : Chào!
See also
literature
- Klaus Mampell: "Hello" over the phone and otherwise. In: Sprachspiegel. Swiss magazine for the German mother tongue. 63rd year 2007, issue 5 (October), pp. 160–161 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Hello in over 800 languages ( Memento from January 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Allen Koenigsberg: The patent history of the phonograph, 1877-1912. A source book containing 2, 118 US sound recording patents & 1, 013 inventors arranged numerically, chronologically, and alphabetically: illustrated by 101 original patent drawings with detailed commentaries on each: additional historical essays on the US patent system . APM Press, Brooklyn, NY, ca.1990 , ISBN 0-937612-10-3 , pp.?.
- ↑ pons.eu