Hans Haalck

Hans Diedrich Haalck , also Hans Dietrich Haalck (born October 7, 1894 in Weddingstedt , † April 5, 1969 in Potsdam ) was a German geophysicist . He is considered one of the pioneers of applied geophysics in Germany.

Life

The professional life of the geophysicist Haalck, who was born on October 7, 1894 in Weddingstedt ( Holstein ), is closely connected to the formerly Royal Geodetic Institute on Telegrafenberg in Potsdam , founded in 1886 . The end of November 1921 at the University of Göttingen under his doctoral supervisor , the geophysicist Emil Wiechert (1862–1928), to the Dr. phil. doctorate scientist moved with his wife Nelly Haalck , née Habke (1899–1985), from Berlin to Potsdam, the former Prussian residence city, to carry out research there as of October 1st as head of the geophysical department of the Prussian Geodetic Institute. On April 1, 1929, the young scientist was appointed acting head of department in Potsdam. The Geodetic Institute Potsdam knew Haalck from his four-month work as an auxiliary computer, which he had between two jobs after completing his studies as a research assistant at ERDA AG in Göttingen and at EXPLORATION BODENUNTERSUCHUNGS & VERWERTUNGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH in Berlin. In his academic curriculum vitae, the eldest son of eleven children of a farmer on the Dithmarsch North Sea coast, Hans Dietrich Haalck, mentions that after the emergency maturity test in 1914 at the Oberrealschule zu Heide in Holstein, he began his studies in November of the same year and that it was "because of the service for the fatherland" interrupted twice, most recently "from November 1916 until the end of the war" or his military service on the Western Front. He studied both physics and mathematics at the Universities of Kiel , Bonn and Göttingen and was particularly interested in astronomy and geophysics . In 1929 he published his work on the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly and his first patent for the rotary balance , registered in the USA , was issued by the patent office there in the same year. Haalck took part in 1930 with other geophysicists, including Hans Ertel , Gerhard Fanselau and Martin Rössiger, at the inauguration of the observatory for geomagnetism in the Brandenburg city of Niemegk . The ceremony took place on July 23, 1930, on the evening of the 70th birthday of the former head of the Magnetic Observatory Potsdam and initiator of the new observatory, Adolf Schmidt (1860-1944), in the presence of the jubilee and it was named after him. Applied geophysics in particular was part of the research carried out by the Potsdam Geodetic Institute until the end of 1936, including initially applied gravimetry and the associated field measurements. Haalck, who was appointed professor because of his scientific and technical achievements - without ever being a university professor - wanted to tie in with the traditions of the Geodetic Institute in sea gravimetry when he developed a gas spring gravimeter that should also be used for gravity measurements on the open sea, which however Remained “without great success”. Haalck dealt with the static (barometric) gravity meter, which was intended for measurements on land and at sea, in 1939. The Haalck gas spring gravimeter , which was produced by Askania-Werke AG Bambergwerk in Berlin-Friedenau, was able to operate on the mainland under his Inventors are mainly used in the north German lowlands . In the north German plain, gravimetric measurements by Hans Haalck, Rudolf Meinhold , Dipl.-Ing. Fritz Haalck, a brother of the professor, and other geophysicists in the 1930s e.g. B. Detected salt domes, including the Gorleben salt dome .

See also : halokinesis

Hans Haalck received his second US patent number 2105146 for the new and useful improvements in gravitational measuring instruments he developed. The certificate was issued on January 11, 1938. Together with Hermann Reich , Berlin, Martin Rössiger, Potsdam, and Rudolf von Zwerger , Berlin, Hans Haalck published CONTRIBUTIONS TO APPLIED GEOPHYSICS until 1944 with the participation of the head of the Reich Office for Soil Research Otto Brasch, Berlin, as well as other domestic and foreign geophysicists . After the end of the Second World War, Professor Dr. Haalck live with his family in Potsdam, although relatives on his father's side lived in Holstein (Plön). He achieved that he was allowed to continue to publish with the publishing house Gebrüder Borntraeger, which was based in the western sectors from Berlin until 1967. Even after the division of Germany, Haalck maintained an exchange of scientific experience with West German geophysicists. At a joint meeting of the German Geophysical Society and the German Meteorological Society in Hamburg in 1950 on the occasion of the 70th birthday of the meteorologist and geophysicist Alfred Wegener , Haalck gave a lecture on new views on the causes of the magnetic field of the solid earth. In the GDR Haalck published the title Physics of the Earth's interior for a broad readership . Before that he had dealt with the topic: The complete determination of local gravimetric interference fields from rotary balance measurements with a calculation example for a specialist audience . On his 65th birthday in 1959, the then published DDR - publishing <> Academic publishing house company Geest & Portig K.-G. an extended version of the title Physics of the Earth's interior by Hans Haalck, the author particularly on the working methods of applied geophysics at the exploration of near-surface soil layers, using the example of his birthplace Weddingstedt in Holstein, among other things, and referred in a footnote to the textbook on applied geophysics (parts I and II) that he had co-edited and published by (West) Berlin publisher Borntraeger in the 2nd edition in 1958 appeared. After his retirement, the geophysicist worked for around three years as a freelancer at the Geodetic Institute Potsdam of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin (DAW). Kürschner's Deutscher Schehrtenkalenden counted around 70 articles by 1961, which Hans Haalck published in: Zeitschrift für Geophysik, Gerland's contributions to geophysics, research and progress as well as in publications by the Geodetic Institute Potsdam. At the age of 70, Hans Haalck once again made a name for himself when, based on the findings of his son Jörgen Haalck's habilitation thesis , he demanded that the GDR should acquire part of the discovered natural gas and oil fields off the Mecklenburg coast outside the three-mile zone according to the Secure the center line principle for the continental shelf and with reference to the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea of 1958 through contractual agreements with states bordering the Baltic Sea . If necessary, the GDR could also unilaterally assert its claim under customary international law . Among experts Hans Haalck outnumber author geophysics textbooks, author of articles in professional journals is honored on topics of "theory of the earth structure and the nature and origin of the earth's magnetic field" and, not least as a developer of a gravimeter according to the principle of Mercury - barometer . In the obituary for Hans Haalck, who died in Potsdam after a long and serious illness, the scientist Gerhard Fanselau paid tribute to him as a "leading German geophysicist who has earned general respect and recognition for his achievements." For introductions to geophysics in university handbooks, Haalck's textbook on applied geophysics is recommended as a supplementary literature for "the subtleties of procedures".

Fonts (selection)

• The magnetic methods of applied geophysics. With 61 figures and 3 plates. Collection of geophysical writings No. 7. Verlag Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1927.
• The gravimetric methods of applied geophysics. Publishing house Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1929.
• The use of electricity to research the underground , Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 1929, (special print from Gerlach's contributions to geophysics, volume 23).
• Handbuch der Experimentalphysik , together with W. Heine, Gustav Angenheister (Red) and others, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft MBH, Leipzig 1930.
• Textbook of applied geophysics (geophysical exploration methods). Publishing house Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1934.
• Rock magnetism - its relationship to the phenomena of ferromagnetism and to the terrestrial magnetic field , Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Becker & Erler, Leipzig, 1942.
• The complete determination of local gravimetric interference fields . Publications of the Geodetic Institute Potsdam, No. 4, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1950.
• Current problems and tasks of the physics of the solid earth body with 12 illustrations, Verlag Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1952 (detailed review by Gerhard Fanselau , Potsdam, in for Critique of International Science , columns 485/86. Ed. Kurt Aland and Hans Ertel , published in Commissioned by the Academies of Sciences in Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Munich, Vienna. Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1954)
• Textbook of applied geophysics - Part I and II. , Ed. H. Haalck, 2nd, expanded and revised edition, Verlag Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1953 and 1958.

Web links

• Literature by and about Hans Haalck in the catalog of the German National Library
• Dithmarschen-Wiki - Haalck, Hans

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Wolfgang R. Dick, Klaus Fritze (ed.) 300 years of astronomy in Berlin and Potsdam , Frankfurt am Main 2000, reprint 2001; P. 247, ISBN 3-8171-1622-5
2. ↑ Martina Harnisch: On the 100th birthday of Hans Haalck , in: Mitteilungen der DGG , Heft 3/1994, page 38.
3. ↑ Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar 1961, keyword Haalck, Hans, column 630, edited by Werner Schuder, Verlag WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO., Berlin
4. ^ Professor Emil Wiechert had been director of the Institute for Geophysics and head of the earthquake station in Göttingen since 1898 ; History of the earthquake station in Göttingen ( Memento from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
5. ↑ Topic of the dissertation by Hans Haalck: Theory of normal gravity and shape of the level surfaces of the geoid with consideration of the second power of the flattening ; Reprint of an excerpt in: Yearbook of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Göttingen (1922), p. 128
6. ↑ The family also had two sons, Jörgen Haalck , born. 1924, and Peter Haalck, b. 1928
7. ↑ Haalck, Hans, in: Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar 1931, Berlin and Leipzig, column 462.
8. ↑ Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Lower Saxony State and University Library Göttingen D - 37070 Göttingen Manuscripts and Rare Prints - Dissertation Hans Dietrich Haalck, day of the oral examination: November 30, 1921; P. 28
9. ↑ On the question of the explanation of the Kursk magnetic and gravimetric anomaly , Leipzig, 1929
10. ↑ Patent of the United States Patent Office : Number 1733407; Issued October 29, 1929 U.S. Patent
11. ^ Meyer's Lexicon. Eighth volume. Column 382, ​​keyword Niemegk , Leipzig, 1940.
12. ^ 150 years of Adolf Schmidt and 80 years of Observatory Niemegk , Franz Jacobs, Leipzig & Hans-Joachim Linthe, Niemegk / Potsdam in DGG-Mitteilungen 3/2009; Accessed online on October 17, 2013 ( Memento from October 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), pp. 52–59, with reference in footnote 7, p. 55, to Best, Adolf (1997) On the history of the Adolf-Schmidt-Observatory for geomagnetism in Niemegk . - On the history of geophysics in Germany. Anniversary publication of the DGG, Hamburg.
13. ^ ^{A b} Claus Elstner: On the history of geophysics in Germany. ( Introduction ( memento of October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ))
14. ↑ Hans Haalck's appointment as professor is shown in Kürschner's Scholars Calendar 1931, column 462.
15. ↑ Harnisch, Martina in: DGG-Mitteilungen, Heft 3/1994, page 38
16. ↑ The static (barometric) gravity meter for measurements on solid land and from sea , Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Verlagsgeschichte ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Leipzig, 1939 
17. ↑ Also a multiple inventor who lived in the West Berlin district of Berlin-Wilmersdorf at the beginning of the 1950s . B. a magnetometer , publication date: February 17, 1953 U.S. Patent No. 2629003 A and a gravimeter patent no. US2959961 A , publication date: November 15, 1960; originally authorized representative: Askania-Werke AG Berlin-Friedenau
18. ↑ Patent No. 2105146, Granted to Hans Haalck of Germany, Assignor to Askania-Werke & Carl Bamberg-Friedenau, for New and Useful Improvements in Gravitation Measuring Instruments. Patent Certificate Dated January 11, 1938. United States Patent Office. Published by United States Government Printing Office , Washington DC, 1938
19. ↑ Before his time in Potsdam, M. Rössiger had a teaching position for measuring methods in applied geophysics (1927) and was an assistant at the Physics Institute in Clausthal; he was appointed associate professor in 1935. See history of the TU Clausthal ( memento from August 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
20. ↑ See title page of issue 2, volume 11 from 1944, AKADEMISCHE VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT BECKER & ERLER KOM.-GES., LEIPZIG
21. ↑ On the history of the Geodetic Institute Potsdam - GFZ by Joachim Höpfner. Overview lecture at GFZ Potsdam, October 15, 2007, p. 77, ( digitized ; PDF; 13.0 MB)
22. ^ Publishers directory Gebrüder Borntraeger Berlin-Nikolassee 1950-1965, with a directory of the works and journals published from 1930 to 1944. Publishing directory Gebrüder Borntraeger Berlin-Nikolassee 1950-1965, with a directory of the works and magazines published from 1930 to 1944. Berlin, Verlag Gebrüder Borntraeger, [1965].
23. ^ Reports and small communications in: '' Geography '' Volume V (1951) pp. 87f., Author of the report on the Hamburg conference from October 23 to 28, 1950: Josef van Eimern
24. ↑ Hans Haalck: Physics of the Earth's interior. Academic publishing company Geest & Portig, Leipzig 1954.
25. ↑ Hans Haalck: The complete determination of local gravimetric interference fields from rotary balance measurements with a calculation example. (Mes Tischblatt Weddingstedt in Holstein) and The Physical Law of Formation of the Figure of the Earth. in the series: Publications of the Geodetic Institute in Potsdam. No. 4, Akademie Verlag, (East) Berlin 1950.
26. ↑ Hans Haalck Physics of the Earth's Interior , 2nd greatly expanded edition. With 110 illustrations and 32 tables, Leipzig 1959.
27. ↑ Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar 1961, p. 630
28. ↑ Der Spiegel, May 13, 1964, p. 18 ; Retrieved August 27, 2013 . In fact, almost at the same time, the GDR government enshrined its claims in a proclamation of May 26, 1964 and later in the law on the exploration, exploitation and demarcation of the GDR continental shelf of February 20, 1967 (Gazette I p. 5).
29. ^ For example by Martina Harnisch, graduate geophysicist, in: DGG-Mitteilungen, Issue 3/1994, page 38
30. ↑ Hans Haalck † October 7, 1894 - April 5, 1969 by Gerhard Fanselau, Potsdam, in (Georg) Gerland's Contributions to Geophysics , published by Hans Ertel (1904-1971), Berlin, and Karl Jung (1902-1972) , Kiel, Volume 78, Academic Publishing Company Geest & Portig K.-G., Leipzig, 1969, p. 433 (433-435)
31. ↑ Kurtz, Walter Introduction to Geophysics Parts I and II, Verlag Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim, 1969/71 unaltered reprint 1992, Part I “Supplementary Literature”.