Heinrich Brandanus Gebhardi

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Heinrich Brandanus Gebhardi

Heinrich Brandanus Gebhardi (born November 6, 1657 in Braunschweig , † December 1, 1729 in Greifswald ) was an orientalist and Protestant theologian . At the time of the Danish occupation of northern Western Pomerania , he was General Superintendent of Swedish Pomerania . He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Pietism at the University of Greifswald .

Life

Heinrich Brandanus Gebhardi was the son of the Brunswick pastor Andreas Gebhardi (* February 6, 1617 in Wendeburg; † April 18, 1669 in Braunschweig) and his wife Rosina Margarete Trost (* 1629; † June 11, 1699), who was married on October 14, 1645 , the daughter of the pastor in Ellinghausen Vitus Trost († June 12, 1702). After attending school in Braunschweig, he studied philosophy and theology at the University of Jena from 1676 to 1679 . He then led the education of the sons of the late Holstein Chancellor Johann Adolf von Kielmansegg (1612–1676) in Hamburg . At the same time he studied Orientalia with Esdras Edzardus , in whose house he lived temporarily. With the help of the Schabbelianum scholarship , he was able to continue his studies at the University of Kiel .

On the recommendation of Edzardus, he was able to obtain a professorship for Oriental Studies at the University of Greifswald in 1688. He had already come into contact with the pietistic teachings in Hamburg. In 1691 he met the Pietist Philipp Jacob Spener personally in Berlin . Gebhardi turned to pietism, which stood in opposition to the Lutheran orthodoxy prevailing in Greifswald . At first, however, he rarely made his differing views public. In 1699 he became an associate professor on the theological faculty. In 1701 he received a fourth full theological professorship at the suggestion of Johann Friedrich Mayer , from which he had to resign, however, as only three theological chairs were admitted to the university. In 1702 he received his doctorate in theology. 1705 he received a full professorship and the vacated pastorate at the Greifswalder Jakobikirche .

There was a conflict with the general superintendent Johann Friedrich Mayer, who accused him of pietism, but this was not confirmed by an expert opinion from the theological faculty. The trial was interrupted by the outbreak of the Great Northern War and petered out after Mayer's death in 1712.

During the war northern Swedish Pomerania was occupied by Denmark up to the Peene . The Danish King Frederick IV was able to take into account the Pomeranian clergy by the Swedish King Karl XII. In 1715 certain superintendent general Albrecht Joachim von Krakevitz did not ignore and therefore appointed Gebhardi in 1716 as vice general superintendent . Since Krakevitz could not exercise his office because of the Danish occupation, Gebhardi was appointed general superintendent on December 2, 1719. Krakevitz's objection was rejected by the Danish government. Gebhardi declared the assumption of office out of obedience to the Danes and announced his resignation in the event of the peace treaty and the arrival of Krakevitz, which also happened in 1721.

Gebhardi used his term of office to accommodate more Pietists at the university, making use of the university chancellor's right to appoint. The Swedish and Danish Governors General were also Chancellors of the university. Franz Joachim von Dewitz and Jobst von Scholten passed Gebhardi's proposals on to the Danish king for confirmation. Gebhardi was able to bring Michael Christian Rusmeyer and Jakob Heinrich Balthasar to Greifswald, among others .

After the return of the Swedes Gebhardi Krakevitz left his office, but kept his chair for theology. With the revival of Lutheran orthodoxy, the violent quarrel with mathematician and theologian Jeremias Papke, which began earlier with his colleague Johann Ludwig Würffel († 1719) , continued until after Gebhardi's death.

family

Heinrich Brandanus Gebhardi was married three times: in 1690 his first marriage was Gertrud Helwig (* July 27, 1668 - September 16, 1691), the daughter of the Greifswald professor of medicine Christoph Helwig and his wife Anna Regina Heune (* 2. December 1646 in Greifswald; † March 2, 1721 ibid.). He concluded his second marriage on December 8, 1693 with Margaretha Zeidler (* November 27, 1673; † June 6, 1695), the daughter of the pastor in Gnoien Johann Zeidler and his wife Margaretha Neukrantz (1644-1717), who was married in 1667. His third marriage was in 1697/98 with Sophia Schwarz (* 1672), the daughter of the councilor and treasurer in Stralsund Joachim Schwarz (1638-1716) and his wife Sophia Schlichtkrull († 1704), who was married in 1666. Children come from marriages. We know of these:

  • Gertrud Gebhardi (1690-1691)
  • Anna Rosina Gebhardi (born September 9, 1691 - † February 17, 1721) married. 4th July 1720 with the general superintendent of Western Pomerania and Rügen, Professor of Theology at the University of Greifswald, Dr. theol. Jakob Heinrich von Balthasar (born October 19, 1690 in Greifswald; † January 2, 1763 ibid.)
  • Karl Friedrich I Gebhardi (1694–1695)
  • Karl Friedrich II Gebhardi (June 1, 1695 - June 8, 1695)
  • Karl Alexander Gebhardi († 1759) Councilor Greifswald, married. 1740 with Dorothea Sophia Olthoff († 1749), the daughter of the state syndic in Pomerania Lukas Anton Olthoff
  • Regina Sophia Gebhardi († young)
  • Brandanus Heinrich Gebhardi (born September 7, 1704 Greifswald; June 18, 1784 in Stralsund) author of mathematical and philosophical writings, 1733 deacon in Bergen on Rügen , 1737 pastor and superintendent at the Marienkirche in Stralsund

See also

literature

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predecessor Office successor
Matthaeus Clemasius Rector of the University of Greifswald
1692 		Konrad Tiburtius Rango
predecessor Office successor
Johann Philipp Palthen Rector of the University of Greifswald
1709 		Henning Christoph Gerdes
predecessor Office successor
Theodor Horn Rector of the University of Greifswald
1718 		Philipp Balthasar Gerdes
personal data
SURNAME Gebhardi, Heinrich Brandanus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gebhardi, Brandanus Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Orientalist and Protestant theologian, General Superintendent of Swedish Pomerania
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1657
PLACE OF BIRTH Braunschweig
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 1729
Place of death Greifswald