Hermann Killisch von Horn

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Hermann Killisch-Horn in the landscape garden in Pankow , designed according to his ideas by Wilhelm Perring , 1865, painting by Theodor Hosemann

Hermann Killisch von Horn (born July 15, 1821 in Bromberg ( Prussia ); † November 23, 1886 in Berlin , also: Hermann von Killisch-Horn or Hermann Killisch-Horn , born as Theodor Hermann Karl Julius Killisch ) was a German journalist , Publisher and founder of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung .

family

Hermann Killisch was born as one of sixteen children of the royal Prussian chancellery Johann Killisch (* around 1770, † 1868 in Berlin) and his wife Friederike Charlotte Luise, née Möhlis. The family now lived in the Berlin area. From 1849 Hermann von Horn was listed in the Berlin address book for Berlin and its surroundings under the name v. Killisch, H. led. Only in 1852, he was proven by the as Partikulier designated nobles lieutenant a. D. Otto Friedrich Leopold von Horn (19 July 1794-1 October 1854) from the Vorpommern nobility of Horn on Ranzin adopted and received so as to guide whose family name Horn the right. However, this was not associated with an elevation to the nobility. Because he didn't want to give up his real family name, he added his new last name.

Only two months after the adoption, on October 27, 1852, Hermann Killisch-Horn married Marie Antonie Weigel, a merchant's daughter from Magdeburg, who came from a wealthy family in Berlin. Between 1853 and 1855 he was a general housing advertiser along with an address and business manual for Berlin, its surroundings and Charlottenburg as H. v. Killisch-Horn and it can be seen that the family changed homes several times. From 1856 he was named Hermann Killisch von Horn.

The couple had at least seven children, possibly nine, of which two could have died early, Kurt (August 31, 1856– April 15, 1915), Georg (* July 1, 1859–?), Elsbeth, called "Else" ( born October 12, 1860), Arnold (June 19 * 1862), Gertrud (born April 18 1864), Erich (born October 8, 1865) and Günther (born May 16, 1870).

Illegal use of a nobility predicate by Hermann Killisch or Hermann Killisch-Horn

In 1867 the Berlin police chief stated in a letter to the chief president of the Prussian province of Brandenburg "that [...] the owner of the Börsen-Zeitung adopted [...] a few years ago [...] from a poor man named von Horn apparently with the intention of gaining the nobility. Although he was only allowed to use the name Killisch-Horn, he tried incessantly to bring the name Killisch von Horn into use ”. It was not until 1880 that Killisch-Horn's desired nobility became a reality. On January 30, 1880, Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha granted him permission to adopt the von Horn surname on application with reference to the adoption that took place in 1852 . This applied to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, but not to Prussia, where Killisch-Horn's applications in this regard had been rejected. There only a ruling by the Berlin Chamber Court of May 2, 1904 in a comparable case decided in favor of the recognition of a foreign baron diploma by the Kingdom of Prussia . However, by then Hermann Killisch-Horn had died almost two decades ago, and his surviving family now benefited from it.

For most of his life, Killisch-Horn had fought immensely to secure a title of nobility for himself and his family. Taking into account that a man in the Kingdom of Prussia and in the later German Empire only counted if he was either a military man or a nobility, Killisch-Horn's strenuous efforts can be understood much better today. It remains to be stated that Killisch-Horn - he was only allowed to use this family name legally in Prussia from 1852 until his death - illegally operated with one of in the family name from 1849 at the latest . Only in the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was he able to claim a dearly purchased from during the last six years of his life .

education

After attending school and high school in his hometown, Hermann Killisch came to Berlin in 1839 to study philosophy and law at the Friedrich Wilhelms University . During his studies he made his first contacts with the press and politics. Around 1840/41 he met the landowner, bank founder and publicist Ernst von Bülow-Cummerow . Killisch read to this from time to time. From this it developed that he also handled von Bülow-Cummerow's extensive correspondence, including with the press, and brought his verbally expressed formulations and text ideas into a form ready for publication.

Supported by von Bülow-Cummerow, Killisch was active as a journalist and worked for the Vossische Zeitung , among others . In the revolutionary years of 1848/49, Killisch also traded as the Berlin correspondent of the Kölnische Zeitung and wrote, entirely in line with Bülow-Cummerow, about the tax opposition of the landed gentry and against the Berlin banker David Hansemann , but remained politically passive. After graduation and his promotion to the doctorate in law , he was temporarily as (unpaid) Auskultator at the Berlin City Court operates.

Career advancement

At the age of 33, he founded the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung in 1855 , which Otto von Bismarck had suggested to support and promote the prosperous stock exchange , trade and industry in Prussia from now on. As a result, Killisch-Horn and his sheet were repeatedly depicted on paintings and drawings, sometimes the newspaper was symbolized as a small baby who receives milk from Killisch-Horn, sometimes as a young girl whom he leads by the hand. In 1865, for example, Theodor Hosemann painted it in this way.

In 1868, Killisch-Horn released the previous weekly supplement of his Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , the Berliner Börsen-Courier , which had meanwhile developed its own profile, into self-employment. The growing press market could use another such sheet in view of the stock market development.

From the 1850s until his death in 1886, Killisch regularly visited the Berlin stock exchange as a journalist in order to write his market reports, which were soon to be considered classic. There he came into contact with the Berlin banker Gerson von Bleichröder early on . A relatively extensive correspondence between the two of them has survived from the late 1870s and early 1880s, which shows that Killisch Bleichröder repeatedly visited his bank in front of the stock exchange in order to get exclusive information from the banker.

From September 1875, the years of the economic depression after the founder crash , an article by Killisch on the Berlin stock exchange led to a pronounced dissatisfaction with the owner of the Börsen-Zeitung. The day before, during the stock exchange trading, rumors had circulated that the entire board of directors of the Disconto-Gesellschaft had been arrested, a maneuver intended to lower the price of the Disconto-Commandit bond. At the same time, strangers had circulated red flyers in the stock exchange building which, with their anti-Semitic content, sought to expose Jewish stock exchange visitors, above all Bleichröder and Hansemann, to the stock exchange's ridicule. Killisch then took up the events in an angry article (BBZ, No. 418, September 9, 1875, p. 1), in which he warned that such methods could create “the last trace of trust” in the audience the stock exchange exists, is being undermined, and in which he gave room to the fear “that the hatred against the stock exchange and, let's just add openly, against Judaism will begin to spread into circles from which the setback will affect the entire organizers one is likely to hit them in a very unexpected way. ”When Killisch visited the stock exchange building after the article was published, he was surrounded by a large number of stock exchange visitors who, scolding him loudly, drove him out of the trading floor. With his work and the good contacts he had with bankers, Killisch-Horn had made quite a fortune, so that he was able to acquire residential buildings and land in Berlin.

Private investment

Manor house (right) and farm buildings as well as family members in Killisch von Horn-Park in Pankow , around 1865
Castle with castle tower in the Killisch von Horn Park in Pankow, around 1900
House of head gardener Wilhelm Perring in the Killisch von Horn Park in Pankow, around 1900
Location of the manor of Hermann Killisch-Horn in Niederlausitz , Brandenburg province , Prussia
Unused mausoleum of Hermann Killisch-Horn on the grounds of the Reuthen manor in the province of Brandenburg, Prussia, around 1900
Entrance portal in the neo-Renaissance style in the Killisch von Horn Park in Pankow, around 1900, now a trademark of the Pankow Bürgerpark

In the year after the newspaper was founded, in 1856, Killisch-Horn acquired an area of ​​around 2.5 hectares with a water mill in the west of the street village of Pankow, north of Berlin, for 18,000 thalers , which at times served as a paper mill . The seller was Carl Kühn, a bookbinder, printer's owner and publisher from Berlin, who initially printed the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung . In the following years, Killisch-Horn began to expand and convert the mill into a manor house and to create a landscaped garden. Between 1863 and 1864 he acquired further adjoining land, which enlarged his property to around 10 hectares. In 1868 he hired Wilhelm Perring (1838–1907) as head gardener, with whose help he created a handsome landscape garden based on the English model. This eventually comprised heaped hills, rare trees and plants, residential and farm buildings including a dairy , an orangery , a pheasantry , an underground grotto with access to the Panke , an Indian-inspired temple , greenhouses, a small castle and a castle tower with battlements and flagpole for the Prussian flag, as well as some smaller pavilions within the park, many stone sculptures and some stone benches, bridges and a three-part archway designed in 1860 in the style of the neo-renaissance as an entrance portal.

Six of his children were born in the mansion of Killisch von Horn-Park . Killisch-Horn had his two daughters chiseled in stone, a girl sculpture set up in the park is for them. The rural second home was a place of retreat from working life in Berlin. Nevertheless, part of the park was specifically open to the Pankower and visitors. The Killisch von Horn-Park opened in the first decade of the 20th century in what is now the Bürgerpark Pankow .

Shortly after the founding of the empire, between 1871 and 1873, Killisch von Horn acquired a former manor and an 11th century castle in Dubraucke near Döbern in the province of Brandenburg . In the Brandenburg-Prussian Niederlausitz he also acquired five further manors by 1876, which should go to his sons. These were the two jointly operated goods Horlitza and Reuthen , Gut Klein Loitz , Gut Tschernitz and Gut Wadelsdorf . On the grounds of his Reuthen manor, he had his landscape gardener Wilhelm Perring designed a 38 hectare landscape garden with a lake and island from 1874, which was similar to the smaller Killisch von Horn Park in Pankow. Current photos of Gutspark Reuthen can be accessed via the individual records.

Hermann Killisch-Horn was a lover of orchids , loved walking through his landscaped park and owned an extensive coin collection. He suddenly died of diabetes in Berlin at the age of 65 . His wife had a mausoleum built for him by Christian Friedrich Malingriaux , which was positioned directly on the property boundary of his landscape garden in Pankow. He had invested a great deal of commitment, time and money in him. The mausoleum still exists today, but the sarcophagus is no longer in its place. Killisch-Horn had already had a considerably larger mausoleum built for his final resting place in his landscape garden in Reuthen, but this remained unused.

literature

  • Friedrich Bertkau: Family history of the Killisch von Horn. In: 75 years of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung. Part I, Berlin 1930.
  • Hubertus Grote: Theodor Hermann Julius Killisch von Horn (1821–1886). In: Heinz-Dietrich Fischer (Ed.): German press publishers from the 18th to the 20th century . Verlag Documentation, Pullach near Munich 1975, ISBN 3-7940-3604-4 , pp. 141–150.

Honor

In the Berlin district of Pankow, the Killisch-von-Horn-Weg was named after Hermann Killisch-Horn. It leads directly to the former Killisch von Horn Park , today's Bürgerpark.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dr. the right H. v. Killisch, H. In: General housing gazette for Berlin, Charlottenburg and surroundings , 1849, I, p. 223 (residing in Leipziger Strasse).
  2. ↑ GstA PK , I. HA Rep. 176 Heroldsamt No. 5040
  3. ↑ v. Killisch-Horn, H. In: General housing gazette for Berlin, Charlottenburg and surroundings , 1853, I, p. 246.
  4. ↑ Killisch v. Horn . In: Allgemeiner Wohnungs-Anzeiger together with address and business manual for Berlin , 1856, I, p. 197.
  5. ^ Friedrich Bertkau: Family history of the Killisch von Horn. In: 75 years of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung. Part I, Berlin 1930.
  6. ^ Pankow cemetery. at: friedparks.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  7. ^ Letter from the Berlin Police President of July 26, 1864 to the President of the Province of Brandenburg. In: GstA PK , I. HA Rep. 176, Heroldsamt No. 4459
  8. ^ Baron Klaus von Andrian-Werburg : The ennobling of Prussian subjects in Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In: Archival Journal . 75th Jg., Cologne 1979, pp. 1-15.
  9. ↑ Christa Jansohn: Ask, and it shall be given to you. In: Franz Bosbach , John R. Davis (Ed.): Divided Legacy - Common Legacy . DeGruyter Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-091843-4 , p. 187.
  10. ↑ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Briefadeligen houses. 11th year 1917, p. 438.
  11. ^ Friedrich Bertkau: Family history of the Killisch von Horn. In: 75 years of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung. Part I, Berlin 1930.
  12. ^ Hermann Aurich: The Killisch files. on: maerkische-landsitze.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  13. ↑ Pankow Genius. at: flanieren-in-berlin.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  14. ^ Herman von Petersdorff : Bülow-Cummerow. In: Conservative monthly. (10) Volume 68, July 1911, p. 989.
  15. ↑ Robert Radu: Augurs of Money. A cultural history of financial journalism in Germany 1850-1914 . Göttingen 2017, p. 72 .
  16. ^ Digital resource Berliner Börsen-Zeitung. at: staatsbibliothek-berlin.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  17. ↑ Robert Radu: Augurs of Money. A cultural history of financial journalism in Germany 1850-1914 . Göttingen 2017, p. 86 f .
  18. ↑ Robert Radu: Augurs of Money. A cultural history of financial journalism in Germany 1850-1914 . Göttingen 2017, p. 111 f .
  19. ↑ Flyer A moderately large garden - exhibition on the history of the Bürgerpark Pankow, July 4, 2007 - January 13, 2008. (PDF file; 920 kB), from: berlin.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  20. ↑ Flyer Bürgerpark Pankow. on: buergerpark-pankow.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  21. ^ Hermann Aurich: The Killisch files. on: maerkische-landsitze.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  22. ↑ Reuthen district. at: amt-doebern-land.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  23. ↑ Photos: Gutspark Reuthen. at: engelmann-im-netz.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  24. ↑ More than yellowed photos . In: Berliner Zeitung, October 25, 2006, accessed on May 25, 2016.
  25. ^ Citizens' Park Pankow. (PDF file; 690 kB), from: berlin.de , accessed on May 25, 2016.
  26. ↑ Killisch-von-Horn-Weg. at: berliner-stadtplan.com , accessed on May 25, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Killisch von Horn, Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Killisch, Theodor Hermann Julius (birth name); Killisch von Horn, Theodor Hermann Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, journalist and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH July 15, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Bromberg , Prussia
DATE OF DEATH November 23, 1886
Place of death Berlin , Germany