Hermann Schroeder

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Hermann Schroeder (born March 26, 1904 in Bernkastel ; † October 7, 1984 in Bad Orb ) was a German composer and Catholic church musician .

Live and act

Schroeder grew up in a Catholic family that was open to music and received piano lessons at the age of six and organ at the age of eleven. From 1919 to 1923 he attended the humanistic Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium (Trier) in Trier and was a member of the Trier cathedral choir. After graduating from high school, he first studied theology at the Jesuit Canisianum seminary in Innsbruck from 1923 to 1926 and also attended lectures in philosophy and musicology. From 1926 to 1930 he studied church and school music at the Cologne University of Music . His teachers were Heinrich Lemacher and Walter Braunfels (composition), Hermann Abendroth (conductor), Julia Menz (piano and harpsichord), cathedral organist Hans Bachem (organ), Dominicus Johner (Gregorian chant) and Edmund Joseph Müller (music education).

In 1930 Schroeder passed the state examination for artistic teaching in the subjects of composition and organ with distinction and completed his legal traineeship and assessor time at the Queen Luise High School in Cologne from 1930 to 1938. At the same time he worked as a lecturer at the Rheinische Musikschule and at the Musikhochschule in Cologne, founded his own chamber orchestra and directed the St. Joseph church choir in Duisburg from 1932 to 1936, with which he was able to try out the first choral compositions in practice, including Te Deum op. 16 for mixed choir and wind instruments, 1932.

Soon after graduating, Schroeder made a name for himself as a composer, organist and as the author of fundamental articles on the reform of church music. In 1930, the International Society for the Renewal of Catholic Church Music (IGK) was founded in Frankfurt , and for the first time works by Schroeder attracted the attention of a broader public, alongside works by then unknown composers such as Joseph Ahrens , Johann Nepomuk David , Flor Peeters and Ernst Pepping . Together with Heinrich Lemacher, Schroeder traveled through the Rhineland at the beginning of the 1930s and spoke at events of the General Cäcilien-Verband (ACV) on questions of new, contemporary church music. In 1938/39 he was cathedral organist in Trier, from 1939 until he was called up for military service in July 1941, he was a teacher at the Augusta-Viktoria-Gymnasium and director of the Trier municipal music school.

In the time of National Socialism , Schroeder remained true to his neoclassical style and wrote mainly chamber music, symphonic works and instrumental concerts, including an organ concert, as well as two "patriotic" songs for mixed choir. In 1937 he joined the NSDAP (No. 5.612.879) and in 1939 became director of the Trier music school, where he also set up a church music department. During the Second World War , after 1942, Schroeder directed the orchestra of the German soldier broadcaster Belgrade . As part of the symphony concerts he performed Mozart's Requiem , Bruckner's Te Deum , Haydn's The Seasons , Beethoven's Missa solemnis and Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 3, among others .

After the war, Schroeder initially worked as an organist and choirmaster at St. Paulin in Trier (Pauliner Organ Mass, 1946). In 1946 he became a teacher and in 1948 a professor at the Music Academy in Cologne, where he taught composition , conducting, theory of forms and music history. The composer Karlheinz Stockhausen , who, according to Schroeder, took “a brilliant exam” and was encouraged by him to study composition, also had composition lessons with him during his school music studies in 1951/1952. Schroeder also taught at the same time as a lecturer at the Musicological Institute of the University of Bonn from 1946 to 1972 and, together with Heinrich Lemacher, published textbooks on music theory that were widely used: Textbook of Counterpoint (Mainz 1950), Harmony (Düsseldorf 1954) and Form Theory of Music (Cologne 1962 ). He remained connected to musical practice as the conductor of the Cologne Bach Society (1946 to 1961), the madrigal choir of the State University of Music Cologne (1946 to 1974) and the Rhenish Chamber Choir (1962 to 1968). From 1958 to 1961 he was deputy director of the Cologne University of Music. He lived until his death in Cologne, where he taught at the music college for around 50 years until 1981. From 1981 to 1983 he was teaching music theory at the church music school in Regensburg. In 1984 he became a member of the Honorary Council of the German Music Council .

Schroeder's compositional style shows parallels to contemporaries such as Paul Hindemith , Harald Genzmer or Ernst Pepping and is shaped by the principle of so-called free or extended tonality , by a contrapuntal attitude, motor-driven rhythm and neoclassical design. His church music compositions, which in his own opinion should fulfill a serving liturgical function in church services, are harsh in expression and emotionally reserved, in some cases deliberately kept simple in terms of difficulty and tailored to the needs of church music practice. In addition to 40 masses, he wrote numerous motets and chorale arrangements, the Magnificat op.31 for mixed choir and wind instruments (1951) and, after the Second Vatican Council, four German-language passions (1963 to 1971), deliberately kept simple settings intended for use in the liturgy the Passion of Jesus for solo singers and a cappella choir. Schroeder's German masses cum populo activo , in which both the choir and the congregation are included (cf. Deutsches Ordinarium, 1965, and Lied Mass, 1969) , are also characterized by post-conciliarism . His organ works, comprising 100 compositions, contain numerous small organ pieces, such as B. Small Preludes and Intermezzi , 1931, and chorale arrangements for church services, as well as great virtuoso works, among which especially the compositions on Gregorian themes ( The Marian Antiphons , 1953, Partita Veni creator spiritus ), the Toccata op.5a from 1930 as well three organ sonatas are to be emphasized.

In addition to church music, Schroeder also wrote secular choral music, including six Mörike choirs , 1962, the Rilke cycle , 1969, and folk song arrangements. His extensive chamber music oeuvre mainly contains classical genres such as piano and string trio, string quartet, wind quintet and a solo sonata cycle for all important string and wind instruments. He also wrote orchestral works, solo concerts and the opera Hero and Leander , 1950.

Honors

Works (selection)

Orchestral works

  • Concerto for string orchestra op.25 (1936/37)
  • Symphony in D minor op.27 (1940/41)
  • Festive music for string orchestra and piano (1955)
  • Cello Concerto op.24 (1937)
  • Organ Concerto op.25 (1938)
  • Oboe Concerto op.34 (1955)
  • Piano concerto op.35 (1955/56)
  • Violin Concerto (1956, G)
  • Flute Concerto op.37 (1958)
  • Veni creator Spiritus, hymn for large orchestra op.39 (1961/62)
  • Concerto for 2 violins and orchestra op.41 (1965)
  • Concertino for piano and wind instruments op.42 (1966, B)
  • Viola Concerto op.45 (1970)
  • Clarinet Concerto op.47 (1973)
  • Trumpet Concerto op.53 (1973)
  • Concertino for clarinet and string orchestra op.54 (1978)

Vocal works

1. Mass a cappella:

  • Missa dorica op.15 (1932)
  • Missa brevis op.17 (1935)
  • Requiem (1946)
  • Missa psalmodica (1953)
  • Missa syllabica (1962/84, Co)
  • German Choir Ordinary (1970)
  • German Choir Ordinary II (1974)

2. Measuring with instruments:

  • Pauliner Organ Mass for gem. Choir and organ or wind instruments (1945)
  • Missa Regina coeli for mixed Choir and organ (1950)
  • Missa Coloniensis for gem. Choir and organ (1954)
  • Missa Gregoriana for mixed Choir, Schola, Parish and Organ (1957)
  • Missa figuralis for gem. Choir, Strings and Organ (1960)
  • Mass to honor Saint Cecilia for gem. Choir, Schola and Organ (1966), German as Cäcilien-Messe, 1969
  • Missa cum tubis for gem. Choir, 3 Trp. And 3 Pos. (1972)
  • Trier Cathedral Fair for gem. Choir, Cantor or Schola, Congregation, Organ, 3 Trp., 3 Pos. And Tuba (1973)

3. Motets and sacred choral works:

  • Four German Marienmotetten op.3 (1928)
  • In Silent Night op.7a (1930)
  • Te Deum op. 16 for mixed Choir and wind instruments or organ (1932)
  • At the last supper for gem. Choir (1933)
  • O sadness, o heartache for acc. Choir (1935)
  • Magnificat op. 31 for gem. Choir and wind instruments or organ (1951)
  • Let's sing happily, 10 Christmas choir movements for gem. Choir, 2 fl., 2 vl. and Vc (1947-1952)
  • Holy Week Responsories (1954)
  • Ave Maria (1961)
  • Laudate pueri dominum (Psalm 112), motet for double choir (1969)
  • St. John Passion for gem. Choir and solo singer (1963)
  • Matthew Passion for that. (1964)
  • Luke Passion for That. (1970)
  • Markus Passion for That. (1971)
  • 2 Song of Songs motets (1969)
  • Lord Giving Peace (1973)
  • Give Peace O Lord (1974)
  • Shout out to the Lord all the world (Psalm 100) for 6th. according to Choir (1976)
  • De profundis (Psalm 129) for 4st. according to Choir (1983)

4. Secular choirs and cantatas:

  • Carmen mysticum op. 30, cantata based on Goethe's Faust for mixed Choir, soprano, baritone, speaker and orchestra or piano (1949)
  • Life and existence, cantata based on texts by Eichendorff and Claudius for mixed Choir and Orchestra (1961)
  • Roman fountain, cycle for gem. A cappella choir (1950)
  • Six Mörike Choirs (1962)
  • 12 German folk songs for gem. Choir (1954–1958)
  • Rilke cycle (1969)
  • Mörike Trivium for 3st. Women's choir (1983)

5th male choir:

  • Motet your rock hard and marble stone op.13 (1931)
  • Saint Paul was a medic (1953)
  • Future (Text: ML Kaschnitz) (1953)
  • Five Christmas Carols (1968)
  • 11 folk songs (1973)
  • Small drinking party for male choir and piano (1972)
  • Three ballads (1977)
  • 3 choirs based on W. Busch (1979)
  • 2 Eichendorff ballads (1981)

6. Solo voice:

  • "Roses and Sloes in Advent" (Johannes Kirschweng) for voice and piano (1932)
  • "Christmas" (Eduard Mörike) for voice and piano (1933)
  • Six Christmas Carols for 2 voices and piano or organ (1945)
  • Three Christmas carols based on texts by Gisela Faßbinder for voice and piano (1948)
  • Five Christmas Carols for 2 voices and piano or organ (1981)

7th opera:

  • Hero and Leander, opera in six pictures based on Des Meeres und der Liebe Wellen by Franz Grillparzer (1944–1950)

Chamber music

  • 11 solo sonatas for violin (1960), flute (1971), oboe (1970), clarinet (1970), bassoon (1570), trumpet (1970), horn (1971), trombone (1972), cello (1974), viola ( 1974) and double bass (1975)
  • Four Impromptus for flute solo (1975)
  • The four seasons, small suite for violin and piano (1941)
  • Duo for violin and piano op.28 (1942)
  • Sonata for oboe and piano (1962)
  • Sonata for violin and piano (1971)
  • Sonata for violoncello and piano (1974)
  • Sonata for clarinet and piano (1979)
  • Duo for violin and viola (1979)
  • String trio in E minor for Vl., Va., Vc. op. 14/1 (1933)
  • String trio op.14 / 2 for 2 vl. and Va. (1942)
  • 3rd String Trio op.52 (1976)
  • 1st piano trio op.33 for vl., Vc. and clav. (1954)
  • 2nd piano trio op. 40 for vl., Horn and piano. (1964)
  • 3rd piano trio op. 43 for clar., Vc. and clav. (1967)
  • 1st String Quartet in C minor, Op. 26 (1939)
  • 2nd string quartet op.32 (1952)
  • 3rd Quartet op. 38 for oboe, vl., Va. And vc. (1959)
  • 4th string quartet op.44 (1968)
  • 5th string quartet op.55 (1978)
  • Clarinet Quintet op.48 (1974)
  • Wind quintet op.50 (1974)
  • Sextet for piano and wind instruments op.36 (1957)
  • Sextet for 2 clarinets, 2 horns and 2 bassoons op.49 (1973)

Piano music

  • Minnelieder, variations on old German love songs (1938)
  • Five German Christmas Carols for four-hands class op.18 (1936)
  • Sonata in A minor (1946)
  • Susani, old Christmas carols for class (1948)
  • 2 sonatinas in E minor and B minor (1947/48)
  • There is a Lind, 50 German folk songs in sentences for the class (1952)
  • Second piano sonata (1953)
  • Six Christmas carols for four-handed students (1954)
  • 3rd Sonatina (1960)
  • Sonata piccola (1971)
  • Dialog, in: New German Piano Music (BRD), ed. v. Rudolf Lück, Volume 1 (1971)
  • Six Aphorisms (1973)
  • Five Characters (1974)
  • Sonatina da camera for harpsichord (1977)

Organ music

1. Free compositions:

  • Toccata op.5a (1930)
  • Fantasy op.5b (1930)
  • Little Preludes and Intermezzi op.9 (1931)
  • Preambles and Interludes (1953)
  • 1st Sonata (1956)
  • Little Intrades (1959)
  • Pezzi piccoli (1959)
  • 2nd sonata (1963/64)
  • 3rd Sonata (1967)
  • Organ mosaics (1969)
  • Motif variants (1972)
  • Septenarium (1973)
  • Proprium pro organo (1974)
  • Concerto piccolo per organo solo (1977)
  • Cycle of Inventions (1978)
  • Five Sketches (1978)
  • Sonatina (1979)
  • Variations on an own psalm tone (1980)
  • Beethoven Variations, Meditations Variations on one of your own to the thanksgiving song in the Lydian key from L. van Beethoven's string quartet op.132 (1980/81)
  • Mixtura à cinque (1983)
  • Suite concertante (1983)
  • Music for organ (1983)
  • Pezzi speciali (1984)
  • Concerto da chiesa (1984)

2. Choral arrangements:

  • Prelude and Fugue about Christ were in death bonds (1930)
  • Six organ chorals on old German sacred folk songs op.11 (1933)
  • The Marian Antiphons (1953)
  • Choral Fantasy O Most Holy Trinity (1955)
  • Partita Veni creator Spiritus (1958)
  • Organ Ordinarium Cunctipotens genitor Deus (1962)
  • Organ chorales in the church year (1963)
  • Gregorian Miniatures (1965)
  • Twelve organ chorals for the Christmas season (1970)
  • Te Deum Trevirense (1973) Proprium pro organo (1974)
  • Trilogies on chorales (1977)
  • Ordinarium pro organo (1976)
  • Choraltoccata Omnium sanctorum (1980)
  • Variations on Silent Night, Holy Night (1982)
  • 10 Introductions to Holiday Introits (1983)

3. Organ with instruments:

  • Prelude, Kanzone and Rondo for violin and organ (1938)
  • Five pieces for violin and organ (1953)
  • Concertino for violin, oboe and organ (1966)
  • Sonata for violoncello and organ (1966)
  • Duplum for harpsichord and organ (1967)
  • Duo da chiesa for violin and organ (1970)
  • Three dialogues for oboe and organ, (1972)
  • Sonata for Trumpet and Organ (1974)
  • Sonata for oboe and organ (1977)
  • Sonata for flute and organ (1977)
  • Cum organo et tubis, Concertino for organ, two trumpets and three trombones (1975)
  • Wake up, the voice calls us, verses for trumpet and organ (1980)
  • Salve Regina, Cantilena choralis for violoncello and organ (1981)
  • Impromptu for trumpet and organ (1982)
  • Intrada a due for 2 trumpets and organ (1982)

literature

  • Peter Becker, Wilhelm Schepping (ed.): Hermann Schroeder. Composer - teacher - interpreter. In: Contributions to Rhenish music history. Volume 170. Merseburger, Kassel 2008 (with catalog raisonné).
  • Raimund Keusen: The organ and vocal works by Hermann Schroeder. In: Contributions to the Rhenish Music History Volume 102, Cologne 1974.
  • Günther Massenkeil: The Johannes Passion by Hermann Schroeder. Comments on the typology and melody of the unison chants. In: Kirchenmusikalisches Jahrbuch 95, 2011, pp. 135–145
  • Rainer Mohrs: Hermann Schroeder (1904–1984). Life and work with special consideration of his piano and chamber music. In: Contributions to Rhenish Music History Issue 138. Kassel 1987.
  • Rainer Mohrs: Old and new in view, Hermann Schroeder's church music compositions after the Second Vatican Council. In: Kirchenmusikalisches Jahrbuch 86, 2002, pp. 29–58.
  • Rainer Mohrs:  Schroeder, Hermann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , pp. 564-566 ( digitized version ).
  • Rainer Mohrs: Advocate of an evolutionary modernity, for the 100th birthday of the composer and organist Hermann Schroeder. In: Organ - journal for the organ . 7, 2004, pp. 34-45.
  • Rainer Mohrs: The string quartets by Hermann Schroeder, Analytical considerations for the development of form and style. In: Almanac for Music . 1, 2011, pp. 119–151.
  • Rainer Mohrs: Songs by Friedrich von Spee in arrangements by Hermann Schroeder. To the reception of a baroque poet in the choral and organ music of a composer of the 20th century. In: Kirchenmusikalisches Jahrbuch 95, 2011, pp. 103-133.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Rainer Mohrs: Hermann Schroeder (1904–1984). In: Contributions to Rhenish music history. Volume 138. Kassel 1987.
  2. ^ A b Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 648.
  3. ^ A b Fred K. Prieberg : Handbook of German Musicians 1933–1945. CD-Rom Lexicon. Kiel 2004, p. 6320.
  4. ↑ See Rainer Mohrs: Hermann Schroeder (1904–1984). In: Contributions to Rhenish music history. Volume 138. Kassel 1987, p. 78.
  5. ↑ Information according to Rainer Mohrs: Hermann Schroeder. In: Contributions to Rhenish music history. Volume 138. Kassel 1987.
personal data
SURNAME Schroeder, Hermann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and Catholic church musician
DATE OF BIRTH March 26, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Bernkastel
DATE OF DEATH October 7, 1984
Place of death Bad Orb