Deer (glassmaker)

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The Hirsch family belongs to the old glassmaker families spread throughout Central Europe . Similar to other families in this profession, its members have helped shape the glass industry in Germany. This family founded numerous glassworks in the 19th century, especially in Saxony and Lausitz .

history

The Hirsch family of glassmakers is mentioned in a document in the 17th century in the Upper Palatinate Hütten Herzogau bei Waldmünchen (1661) and Glashütte Silberhütte (1678), which were then owned by the Werner family . A Georg Hirsch (* 1625) was a glassmaker at the Herzogau glassworks. His son Johann Georg Hirsch (1661–1759) was a glassmaker in Herzogau and Bodenmais , Sebastian Hirsch (1650–1700) was a glassmaker in Grafenried near Waldmünchen and at the Silberhütte.

After the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), at a time of economic decline in Bavaria, the family spread in the neighboring Bohemian Forest , especially where the glassmasters owned Schmaus and Moosburger huts. The Schmaus family's glassworks at that time were the Kreuzhütte, Unterhütte and Fichtenbach in the Bischofteinitz district , as well as the Schmausenhütte near Markt Eisenstein . The Moosburger owned the Eisendorfer Hütte, the Moosburger- / Walddorfer Hütte and the Johanneshütte in the Bischofteinitz district. Furthermore, the Hirsch family can be found in Eisenstein in the huts of the Hafenbrädl and in Neuern (Muckenhof glassworks). Around 1790, the smelter Jakob Hirsch, tenant of the Schürerhütte, known as the "Hirsch-Hütte", made successful experiments with the production of colored glass near Seewiesen in the Bohemian Forest. At the North Bohemian glass refineries (refiners), the colored raw glass from the Bohemian Forest was in great demand , especially at the beginning of the Biedermeier period .

In the first half of the 19th century, the deer found themselves primarily as sheet glass makers for mirror and window glass on almost all sheet glass works in the Bohemian Forest and the Bavarian Forest. For centuries, the border between Bohemia and Bavaria played no role in the migration of glassmakers. At the beginning of the 1830s, legal and illegal immigration to Bavaria reached its peak. Many glassmakers with the name Hirsch came to glassworks in the Bavarian Forest, for example to Unterhütte near Waldmünchen, Schönbach near Bodenmais or Schwarzenthal near Philippsreut.

Individual family groups moved to the huts in the Spessart (see Johann Josef Hirsch ), in the Thuringian Forest and in Silesia . Glassworks in Saxony, Lusatia and occasionally in Westphalia and Prussia were also the destination of the emigrants. Glassmakers named Hirsch worked in glassworks in all parts of Austria-Hungary .

Manor house of the former Emmerichsthal glassworks , where Josef Hirsch (1743–1836) worked as a glassmaker

An important branch of the family is that of Josef Hirsch (1743–1836) from Strasshütte in Bohemia, who later became a smelter in Emmerichsthal near Obersinn in Spessart. His sons Johann Baptist (1779–1859) and Franz (1789–1861) worked at the table glassworks Angstedt near Ilmenau in the Thuringian Forest. From around 1817 they worked at the Friedrichsthal mirror glassworks near Lauchhammer in Lausitz.

The descendants of Johann Baptist Hirsch and Franz Hirsch founded numerous glass factories in Saxony, Thuringia and Silesia in the second half of the 19th century. The following factories were founded by the family:

Altenburg

  • "Altenburger Glasfabrik" by Hermann Hirsch (founded 1870, closed in 1876)

Arnsdorf

Bad Muskau

  • Glassworks Raetsch, Hirsch & Co.

Brand-Erbisdorf

  • Zeller & Hirsch sheet glass works

Bolesławiec (Bunzlau / Silesia)

  • "Amalienhütte" (founded in 1872 by Adolf Hirsch)

Döbern

  • Table glass works Gebr. Hirsch (founded 1867, destroyed in WWII 1945)
  • Table glass works Robert Hirsch (founded 1876, shut down 1929)

Big Kölzig

  • Oral blow table hut Adolph Hirsch (founded 1896, closed in 1928)

Moritzdorf

  • Glass factory W. Hirsch & Walther (founded in 1869, merged in 1894 in the August Walther hollow and pressed glass works)
Gravestones of the glass manufacturer Gottlob Michael Anton Hirsch (1822–1894) and his son Oscar Hirsch (1853–1885) in the Pirna cemetery

Pirna

  • Gebrüder Hirsch Tafelglashüttenwerke (founded in 1874, taken over in 1929 by the Vereinigte Zwieseler and Pirnaer Farbenglaswerke Actien-Gesellschaft, closed in 1991)
  • Franz Oscar Hirsch & Co., Herrmann-Hütte glass factory (founded 1880, shut down 1925)
  • Kirschbaum & Hirsch, Elisabethhütte glass factory (founded 1889, closed in 1928)

Radeberg

  • United Radeberger Glashütten, formerly W. Rönsch & Gebr. Hirsch (founded 1865),
  • Berthold & Hirsch (founded 1872),
  • W. Hirsch (founded 1873).

Ruszów (Rauscha) near Görlitz

  • Glass factory "Sophienhütte" Gebr. Hirsch (founded 1883, closed in 1928)

Ruhland

  • Glassworks Hirsch, Janke & Co. (created in 1906 by taking over an existing glass factory, shutdown in 1930)

Schmölln (Upper Lusatia)

  • Sheet glass factory W. Hirsch

Tuplice (Teuplitz)

  • Plate glass factory August Hirsch

Węgliniec (Kohlfurt)

  • Schneider & Hirsch glass factory

Weißwasser / Upper Lusatia

  • Glashüttenwerke Hirsch, Janke & Co.AG (founded 1884, shut down 1949)
  • Oberlausitzer Glashüttenwerke Otto Hirsch (created in 1899 through the takeover of Oberlausitzer Glaswerke Josef Schweig & Co., closed in 1995)

Around 1890 there is a shop of the Hirsch, Janke & Co. glassworks in Berlin at the address Luisenufer 12 (today Legiendamm 24), directly on the Luisenstadt Canal .

Most of the glassworks did not survive the Great Depression at the end of the 1920s.

The Anton Hirsch line provides a clear example of the cross-border migrations of the glassmaker families : After 1821 , the glassmaker Anton Hirsch (* 1806 in Antiglhütte ) came from one of the sheet glass works in the Bohemian Forest to the Spiegelglashütte Schwarzenthal near Philippsreut ( Bavarian Forest ). He married Anna Maria Springer (* 1807) from country roads near Winterberg (Bohemia). The children Andreas (* 1838), Karl (* 1839), Barbara (* 1841) and Peter (* 1847) were born in Schwarzenthal. Andreas Hirsch later worked as a smelter at the Elisenthal ( Alžbětín ) mirror glass works near Markt Eisenstein in the Bohemian Forest, where his wife Susanna Pelikan was born in 1847. They married in Brand in 1867 in the parish church responsible for the Sorghof glassworks near Tachau in Bohemia. As a smelter, Andreas Hirsch was one of the founding staff of this new mirror glass factory. The children Georg (* 1868), Rudolf (1869–1914) and Barbara (* 1871) were born in Sorghof. Rudolf Hirsch worked as a sheet glass maker in Fichtenbach in the Taus district (Bohemia) and married Josefa Spichtinger (1880–1952) from Charlottenthal near Schönsee (Upper Palatinate) in 1910 . Their son Franz Hirsch (1911–1980) was born in Furth im Wald. The family then went to Waldsassen in the northern Upper Palatinate, where there were two glassworks at the time. From 1919 on , Franz Hirsch was based in Flanitzhütte near Frauenau in the Bavarian Forest, and in 1924 he became a hollow glass maker at the Gistl glassworks in Frauenau, which was founded in the same year .

literature

swell

  • O. Moritz: Schwarzenthal in the 19th century. in: Representation of three epochs of glass production in the Freyung-Grafenau district, 1978
  • Baptismal register of the parish Freyung 1838–1870, Diocese archive Passau
  • Baptismal register, marriage register, Sorghof death register, Brand parish, Pilsen State Regional Archives

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jochen Exner: Glassworks and glassworks in Lausitz and in the East Elbe region outside of Lausitz (PDF; 126 kB)
  2. ↑ Dietrich Mauerhoff: Altenburg is known as a glassworks location - Hermann Hirsch's first glass factory in Altenburg (PDF; 857 kB)
  3. ^ Berlin address books 1889, 1890 and 1891