Železná Ruda
| Železná Ruda | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Klatovy | ||||
| Area : | 7979 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 8 ' N , 13 ° 14' E | ||||
| Height: | 820 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,631 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 340 04 | ||||
| License plate : | P (old: KT) | ||||
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| Railway connection: | Železná Ruda – Plzeň | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 6th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Filip Smola (as of 2019) | ||||
| Address: | Klostermannovo nám. 26 340 04 Železná Ruda |
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| Municipality number: | 557528 | ||||
| Website : | www.zelezna-ruda.cz/muruda/ | ||||
Železná Ruda ([ ˈʒɛlɛznaː ˈruda ], German Markt Eisenstein ) is a town in Plzeňský kraj in the Czech Republic . It is located in the Bohemian Forest , near the border with Bavaria and the German town of Bayerisch Eisenstein . The city is located in the Šumava Biosphere Reserve and is one of the sporting and tourist centers of the Bohemian Forest.
history
Under Přemysl Otakar II , a trade route was established in the 13th century that led from the Danube in Lower Bavaria via Regen , Zwiesel and Strážov ( Drosau ) to Klatovy ( Klattau ) through the Küni Mountains . After deposits of iron ore were discovered mainly on the Špičák (Spitzberg) , Železná Ruda emerged as a settlement of miners in the valley of the Great Rain at the beginning of the 16th century . At the beginning of the 17th century the ore deposits were exhausted, and the mining of iron ore was no longer worthwhile.
In 1624, after the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , the owner of the Železná Ruda / Eisenstein estate, Wolf Heinrich von Notthracht , obtained permission to produce and export glass . Eisenstein received the market rights. In the course of time, numerous glassworks were built in Železná Ruda and the surrounding area until the 19th century .
At the end of the 19th century, tourism took off as a new source of income in Eisenstein . Due to the Munich Agreement , Markt Eisenstein belonged to the district of Markt Eisenstein in the administrative region of Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate from 1938 to 1945 .
At the 1930 census, the place had 3365 inhabitants (296 Czechs = 9%). After the Second World War, the German-speaking population was market Eisenstein sold . Her property confiscated by Beneš Decree No. 108 and the Catholic Church expropriated .
From 1948 to 1989 Železná Ruda was in the restricted military area of the ČSSR to the Federal Republic of Germany . Due to the Velvet Revolution at the end of 1989 and the formation of the successor state, the border was opened in June 1991 via the Bayerisch Eisenstein train station (Železná Ruda- Alžbětín ) via Bayerisch Eisenstein to southern Germany.
The German name Markt Eisenstein comes from a document in which the market law (therefore market in the name) was recorded. The second part of the name comes from the ironworks that were built here in the second half of the 16th century. In the 17th century the ironworks was converted into a glassworks.
geography
The Great Rain (Řezná) flows through Železná Ruda . Not far from the city are the lakes Černé (Black Lake) and Čertovo jezero (Devil's Lake). The 1202 m high summit of Špičák (Spitzberg) rises here, under which the Spitzberg tunnel, after the Březenský tunnel, the second longest railway tunnel (1747 m) in the Czech Republic , passes. There is a ski area on the slopes of the Špičák. Mount Pancíř ( Panzer ) rises six kilometers north of the town, and there is a mountain hut with a lookout tower on it.
Districts
Alžbětín (Elisenthal) , Debrník (Deffernik) , Hojsova Stráž (Eisenstrasse) , Pancíř (Panzer) , Špičák (Spitzberg) and Železná Ruda (Eisenstein)
architecture
The town's landmark is the baroque parish church of Mariä Hilf vom Stern with a twelve-sided onion dome (one of the largest in the world) and an onion dome. It was built in the years 1729–1733 under Count Wolf Heinrich von Nothracht, who was the owner of the local rule at the time. A hexagram forms the floor plan of the church . The bell tower was only built in 1777, in terms of its design, corresponding to that of the entire building. In the center of the baroque high altar is a copy of the miraculous image of Maria Hilf made in 1854 , the original of which was created by Lucas Cranach the Elder for the Capuchin monastery in Innsbruck , flanked by larger-than-life sculptures of the parish church's patron saint, Holy Emperor Heinrich II. on one side and his wife Kunigunde on the other. In the extract of the altar there is an image of the Holy Trinity. The altar cross is a rare work of cut, engraved ruby glass from the late Baroque, made in one of the glassworks that were once numerous here.
In the city and in the vicinity there are still some chapels, such as B. from St. Barbara and St. Anna, as well as a way of the cross.
Culture
The Šumava Museum (Muzeum Šumavy Železná Ruda) is located in the town.
Parish partnership
traffic
1877 received market Eisenstein a station on the route Pilsen-Eisenstein of Railway Pilsen-Billed (-Komotau) . Originally planned as a long-distance connection between Bohemia and Bavaria , today the route is only used for regional traffic due to its difficult topography. There are two train stations at Železná Ruda-Alžbětín and Špičák and two stops at Železná Ruda město and Železná Ruda centrum.
The European route 53 leads through the village , which at the border crossing turns from the German federal highway 11 into the Czech street I. Class 27 .
coat of arms
Blazon : "Split, green at the front, divided five times by silver and red at the back, covered with ten-pointed golden deer antlers ."
literature
- Erich Bachmann: Star chapel for the Helpful Mother of God in Markt Eisenstein. In: Karl M. Swoboda (Ed.): Barock in Böhmen. Prestel, Munich 1964, p. 48.
- Eisenstein market. Bohemian Eisenstein (Zelezna Ruda). In: Johanna von Herzogenberg : Between Danube and Moldau. Bavarian Forest and Bohemian Forest. The Mühlviertel and South Bohemia. Prestel, Munich 1968, pp. 101-102, (with overview map).
- Eisenstein market. The Eisenstein Valley. In: Folklore working group for the central Bohemian Forest "Künische Freibauer" eV (Hrsg.): In the land of the Künische Freibauer. Homeland book for the central Bohemian Forest. (District of Bergreichenstein and adjacent areas). Morsak, Grafenau 1979, ISBN 3-87533-101-9 , pp. 809-822.
- Jan Šícha, Eva Habel, Peter Liebald, Gudrun Heissig: Odsun. The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans. Sudeten German Archive, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-930626-08-X .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ https://www.zelezna-ruda.cz/muruda/
- ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland-Lexikon (= German landscapes in the lexicon. 4). 2nd, expanded edition. Adam Kraft, Mannheim 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 , p. 289.
- ^ Alfred Schickel : The expulsion of the Germans. History, background, reviews. 2nd, expanded edition. MUT, Asendorf 1987, ISBN 3-89182-014-3 .