Hollandia (ship)
 United Netherlands
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 The Dutch warship Hollandia
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| Ship data | ||
| Surname: | Hollandia | |
| Completion: | 1665 | |
| Builder: | Shipyard of the Admiralty Amsterdam , Netherlands | |
| Crew: | approx. 450 officers and men (including 50 soldiers) | |
| Fate: | 19 November 1683 was lost in a storm off the Dutch coast | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Type: | Battery ship (timber construction, three-decker); Three-masted galleon | |
| Length (of the cannon deck): | 50.29 m | |
| Width: | 12.73 m | |
| Drive: | sail | |
| Draft: | 4.65 m | |
| Armor system: | without | |
| Armament | ||
| a total of up to 80 cannons : | 10 x 24 pdr; 18 × 18 pdr, 28 × 12 pdr, 20 × 6 pdr plus 4 × 6 pdr | |
The Hollandia (named after the county of Holland ) was an early modern 80-gun ship of the line that sailed under the Dutch flag and temporarily served as the flagship of the famous Admiral Cornelis Tromp during the Anglo-Dutch naval wars. After an eventful period of service, the ship was lost in a storm off the Dutch coast on November 19, 1683.
construction
The ship was built for the Amsterdam Admiralty during the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665 and was one of the largest warships in the Dutch Royal Navy for a long period of time . She was equipped with three masts, which were mostly equipped with square sails. Only the mizzen mast was covered with a latin sail . At the bowsprit about another Bugsprietsegel was also settable. The armament carried along was installed on the two cannon decks, the half deck and on the forecastle and hut. The transom , in which two additional cannons were integrated, was decorated with two wooden lions that were surrounded by a crowned coat of arms on which a red lion was depicted on a yellow background, the coat of arms of the county of Holland .
As is usual with many Dutch warships, the bow was equipped with a gold-colored lion, the heraldic animal of the Dutch, as a figurehead .
history
Construction contract and background
In 1666 the Netherlands was at war with England and its ally France.
The Dutch fleet was qualitatively inferior to the English fleet. However, Johan de Witt , the influential pensioner of Holland , was able to persuade the States General in November 1664 to build numerous new buildings, including 24 new "capital ships" (Capitale schepen van Oorloge); In March 1665, another 24 new buildings were ordered, in July 1666 another twelve - the Hollandia then also fell under this overall order .
Naval service
After completion, the following activities have been handed down:
1665 to 1666
In 1665 the Hollandia pushed North Sea service under the commandant Michiel de Ruyter . In 1666, Cornelis Tromp , who a little later would play an important role in Dutch naval history, went to the ship as commander, which was then used for some time to protect the busy shipping place off the island of Texel ; Instead, Admiral de Ruyter switched to his new flagship , the De Zeven Provinciën .
June 11, 1666: Four-day battle
In June 1666, the Hollandia was relocated to Flanders and successfully participated in the four-day battle in the southern North Sea near the coast of Flanders on June 11, 1666 . The flag captain on board at this time was Hendrik Hondius . During this battle, the Dutch managed to force the English fleet to flee, which retreated towards the Thames .
August 4, 1666: two-day battle
The Dutch followed suit, so two months later, on July 25th, July. / 4th August 1666 greg. came to the two-day battle , in which the Hollandia also participated and was part of the Third Squadron . The English won this battle - Tromp fled back to home waters together with other ships of the squadron, pursued by the enemy ships.
After the defeat, Tromp left the ship, his successor was Willem Baron van Ghent , who performed patrol duty in the North Sea with the Hollandia from September 1666.
June 19, 1667: Raid on the Medway
From June 19, 1667, the Hollandia , under new commander Willem van der Zaan, was involved in the attack on the Medway , during which the Dutch managed to sail across the Thames into the River Medway and capture or burn numerous English ships here .
1667 to 1673
In June 1667, also under van der Zaan , the ship attempted to take the port city of Harwich in southern England; however, the attempt failed.
After the Peace of Breda on July 31, 1667, the Hollandia provided patrol service in the English Channel in 1671 under Vice-Admiral Isaac Sweers .
After the Third Anglo-Dutch War broke out in 1672 , the Hollandia under Jan den Haen took part in the First Naval Battle of Schooneveld from June 28, 1673 :
June 28, 1673: First naval battle of Schooneveld
In the course of this battle, the Dutch admirals and their subordinate ships succeeded in disrupting the opposing order of the battle so that the allied Anglo-French fleet withdrew to regroup. As a result of the battle, neither warring party could gain any decisive advantage.
June 14, 1673: Second naval battle of Schooneveld
In the following week, the Second Sea Battle of Schooneveld took place in front of the Scheldt estuary , in which Hollandia was again involved. Due to evasive maneuvers by the allied squadrons, the battle expanded to the English coast, which made every effort to get back into battle formation. The Allies did not succeed in this, however, so that all they could do was to flee to the Thames .
An impending invasion was thus initially averted, so that the Dutch could take advantage of it temporarily by being able to briefly control parts of the English waters.
August 11, 1673: Sea battle off Texel
In the sea battle off Texel on August 11, 1673, the Hollandia met an Anglo-French fleet off the Dutch coast, which in turn wanted to land 20,000 soldiers for invasion purposes. Once again the Dutch managed to split the opposing parts of the fleet through some skirmishes , so that the French squadrons, cut off from their ally, were forced to passivity, while the English fought until the evening of August 21, 1673, but then withdrew and gave up the invasion plans.
1674 to 1682
1674 changed again Lieutenant- Admiral Cornelis Tromp to the Hollandia , who undertook an expedition along the French coast. The Île de Noirmoutier was briefly occupied and on to Spain. The naval war against France shifted to the Mediterranean . In October 1674 the Golf de Roses was reached before going back, where in the beginning of December Antwerp was reached. The naval officer Christian August von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg , who is in English service, also took part in this trip, whose actual task on this trip and his clients remain unclear; it seems certain, however, that he was involved in the drafting of reports which appeared in the Diarium Europaeum under the name of von Tromp and by the artillery general Wilhelm Adrian von Horn .
In November 1678 Vice-Admiral Cornelis Evertsen de Jonge boarded the ship and undertook a Mediterranean expedition with him.
1678-1682 was Hollandia in the marine own Amsterdam docks launched .
1683: the last trip
The ship received its last service order under Vice-Admiral Willem Graaf van Stirum in 1683, who had it steered on an expedition to Gothenburg .
The last voyage started in November 1683:
It was on its way home from the Gothenburg expedition when it got caught in a violent storm off the Dutch coast that lasted several days . It took considerable damage to the stern and bulwark. In addition, the crew had to cut the masts in order not to overturn. The crew fired distress signals and was actually able to manage the ship Moriaans Hoofd under Captain Daniel Elsevier to the distressed Hollandia .
Shortly before the meeting of the two ships, on November 19, 1683 off the coast of North Holland , the ship Hollandia disappeared in the waves and could no longer be made out. It got lost.
Web links
- Blogspot about the Hollandia ship
- Blogspot about the Hollandia ship
- Blogspot about the Hollandia ship
- Info page about the Anglo-Dutch War
Individual evidence
- ↑ See also Ulrike Strauss: Herzog, Kriegsschiffkapitän, adventurer. Unknown sources 1673-1675 from the Wolfenbüttel estate of Christian August von Holstein-Norburg. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch 78 (1997), p. 168, Diarium Europaeum , Volume 19, pp. 241–248 and 249–252 (Horn)