Budget gen
A housekeeping gene (also English housekeeping gene , non-regulated gene , constitutively expressed gene ) is a gene which, regardless of cell type, cell stage and external influences expressed will, in contrast to the regulated genes .
Household genes are typically genes that encode the structural molecules and enzymes that are related to the basic metabolism of cells, such as glucose metabolism .
They often do not contain a TATA box , but do contain CAAT or GC boxes .
Household genes of humans
Gene expression
Transcription factors
- ATF4 activating transcription factor 4
- BTF3
- E2F4
- ERH (Gen) Enhancer of rudimentary homolog of drosophila (required for the first enzymatic step in pyrimidine synthesis. Regulated by MITF)
- HMGB1 high mobility group protein B1 , binds DNA
- ILF2
- IER2 formerly ETR101 Immediate Early Protein
- JUND
- LTBP4
- LMO1 rhombotin 1
- MYC is also considered an oncogene when mutated . Regulates the transcription of 15% of all genes.
- PAX8
- PHF1 Plant homology domain
- PTTG1IP
- SREBF1 Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein Smith Magenis
- TBP synonymous with TATA-binding protein or GTF2D or TFIID
- TCEB2 elongin
- TCOF1 interacts with UBF
Repressors
- ANF91, HPF7, HTF10 Kruppel Associated Box domain
- ID3 (gene) inhibits DNA binding
- PUF60
- NFKBIA gene product IκBα inhibits NF-κB
- RING1
Splice
- ADAR gene product is the enzyme DRADA
- BAT1
- FBL fibrillarin
- HNRPD
- HNRPK
- PTBP1
- PABPN1
- SFRS3
- SFRS9
- SFNRPA
- SNRPB
- SNRPD
- SNRPD2
- SNRPG
Translation factors
- EIF1 aka SUI1
- EIF3C formerly EIF3S8
- EIF3D formerly EIF3S4
- EIF3F formerly EIF3S5
- EIF3I formerly EIF3S2
- EIF3G formerly EIF3S7
- EIF4A2
- EIF4G2
- TUFM Mitochondrial Tu Translation Elongation Factor
tRNA synthetases
Genes that code for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases , including mitochondrial ones (2):
- AARS Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase NM_001605
- AARSD1 alanyl-tRNA synthetase domain 1 containing NM_001261434
- AARS2 alanyl tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial NM_020745
- CARS cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase NM_001751
- CARS2 cysteinyl tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (suggested) NM_024537
- EARS2 glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (suggested) NM_001083614
- EPRS Bifunctional Glutamyl / Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase
- FARSA phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase, alpha subunit NM_004461
- FARSB phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase, beta subunit NM_005687
- FARS2 phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial NM_006567
- NARS asparaginyl tRNA synthetase NM_004539
- NARS2 asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (proposed) NM_024678
- PARS2 prolinyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (proposed)
- RARS arginyl-tRNA synthetase NM_002884
- RARS2 arginyl tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial NM_020320
- SARS Seryl-tRNA Synthetase NM_006513
- SARS2 seryl -tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial
- YARS tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase NM_003680
- YARS2 tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial NM_001040436
RNA binding proteins
Ribosomal Proteins
- RPL3
- RPL5
- RPL8
- RPL9
- RPL10
- RPL11
- RPL12
- RPL13
- RPL13A introns contain genes for small nucleolar RNAs U32, U33, U34 and U35
- RPL14
- RPL15
- RPL17
- RPL18
- RPL19
- RPL25
- RPL27
- RPL29
- RPL30
- RPL32
- RPL34
- RPL35
- RPL36
- RPL37
- RPL38
- RPL40 transcribed with ubiquitin (see FAU (gene) )
- RPLP1
- RPLP2
- RPS2
- RPS5
- RPS9
- RPS10
- RPS11
- RPS12
- RPS13
- RPS14
- RPS15
- RPS16
- RPS18
- RPS19
- RPS20
- RPS23
- RPS24
- RPS25
- RPS26
- RPS27 transcribed with ubiquitin (see FAU (gene) )
- RPS28
- RPS30 transcribed with ubiquitin (see FAU (gene) )
- RPN1 ribophorin anchors ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum
- MRPL9
RNA polymerases
Protein processing
- Cyclophilin A serine / threonine phosphatase inhibitor, involved in protein folding
- CANX folds glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum
- CAPNS1 calpain protease
- NACA Nascent Polypeptide-Associated Complex alpha Polypeptide
- PFDN1 Prefoldin 1
- PFDN5 Prefoldin 5
- SNX3 Sorting Nexin 3
- SNX17
- SNX27
- SSR2 protein translocation in the ER
- SUMO2 protein targeting
Heat shock proteins
Histones
- CDH4 nucleosome remodeling
- HIST1H2BC
- H2AFY Histone 2 subfamily
- H2AFZ essential in embryogenesis
- H3F3A H3 Histone Family
Cell cycle
- ARHGAP1
- ARHGDIA
- CENPB Centromere protein B
- CTBP1
- Cyclophilin
- CCND3
- GAS1 Blocks entry into the S phase
- PPP2CB Negative regulator of growth and cell division
- PPP2R1A Negative regulator of growth and cell division
- RAD9
- KIAA0174 or IST1 homologous (located in the plane of division of dividing cells)
Apoptosis
- DAD1 Defender against cell death
- DAP (gene)
- DAXX Death Associated Protein 6
Oncogenes
DNA repair and replication
metabolism
- PRKAG1 inactivates HMGCoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Carbohydrate metabolism
- PRKCSH glucosidase 2, β subunit (activated by PKC)
- B4GALT2
- GUSB β-glucuronidase ( Sly syndrome = mucopolysaccharidosis type VII)
- Chitinase
- 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- GSK3A
- Hexokinase
- H6PD
- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
- Phosphofructokinase 1
- Aldolase A
- Aldolase C
- Triosephosphate isomerase
- GAPDH
- Phosphoglycerate kinase
- Phosphoglycerate mutase
- Enolase
- PKM2 pyruvate kinase in muscle
- LDHB gene product L-lactate dehydrogenase
- TALDO1 transaldolase
- Transketolase
- TSTA3 Mannose Metabolism
Citric acid cycle
- SDHA succinate dehydrogenase subunit A
- MDH1 malate dehydrogenase
Fat metabolism
Amino acid metabolism
- COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase
- GGTLA1 γ-glutamyltransferase -like 1
- PHGDH phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- ODC1
- TPMT
Nucleotide synthesis
- IMPDH2 guanine nucleotide biosynthesis
NADH dehydrogenases
Cytochrome C oxidases
(COX1, COX2 and COX3 are coded in the mitochondrion)
ATPases
Mitochondrial
Lysosomal
Lysosome
- CTSD ,, breaks down insulin in hepatocytes
- Cystatin B , believed to protect the cell from leaking lysosomes
- LAMP1
- Mannose-6-phosphate receptor
- SGSH , mutations can Sanfilippo syndrome produce
Proteasome
Ribonuclease
- RNH ribonuclease inhibitor
Oxidase / reductase
- TXN thioreductase
Structural proteins
Cytoskeleton
- Actinin alpha 4
- ACTG1 gamma actin
- ADD1
- ANXA6
- ARPC4 Actin-related protein 2/3 complex
- Beta actin
- CAPZB
- COL6A1
- DNCL1 Cytoplasmic Dynein
- EZR Ezrin (anchors actin in the cell membrane)
- KIFC3 kinesin
- Moesin
- MYH9 myosin, heavy chain 9
- RHOA presumably involved in the cell cycle
- SEPT1 homologous to CDC10 in S. cerevesiae
- SEPT2
- SLC9A3R2 binds SLC9A3 to the cytoskeleton
- TAGLN
- TAGLN2
- TMSB10 thymosin β10
- TUBB tubulin, beta polypeptide
- TUBB4
- WDR1
Organelle synthesis
A special form of cell signaling
- BLOC1S1
- AP2M1
- ANXA2
- ANXA6
- ANXA7
- AP1B1 endocytosis
- CLTA Clathrin A (vesicle)
- CLTB Clathrin B (vesicle)
- GP2 enzymatic secretory granules (especially in the pancreas)
- KDELR1 KDEL receptor binds ER proteins
Mitochondrion
Cell surface
Cell adhesion
- ADAM15
- Beta-catenin
- CNTN1 Contactin
- Delta catenin
Canals and vans
- ABCG2 formerly BCRP1 xenobiotic transporter, low expressed
- CALM1 Calmodulin binds calcium ions
- CALM2 Calmodulin binds calcium ions
- HPCAL1 binds calcium ions; expressed mainly in the retina
- GRIK5
- MFSD10 aka TETRAN or tetracycline transporter-like protein
- TFRC transferrin receptor
- FOLR1 folate receptor
- SLC25A11 oxoglutarate / malate mitochondrial transporter
Receptors
- ACVRL1 TGF-β receptor family ( Osler's disease )
- CD23A FCER2 low affinity IgE receptor (lectin)
- GRM4 metabotopic glutamate receptor
- JAG1 NOTCH2 receptor associated with Alagille syndrome
- MC2R melanocortin-2 receptor (similar to the ACTH receptor)
- SSTR5 somatostatin receptor; tends to inhibit other hormones
HLA, immunoglobulins and cell recognition
- BAT1
- BSG Basigin immunoglobulin superfamily , extracellular metalloproteinase
- B2M β2-microglobulin
- HLA-C
- HLA-G
- MIF macrophage migration inhibiting factor
- TAPBP
Kinases and signal transduction
- ADRBK1 decreases the response to epinephrine
- AGPAT1 3-phosphoglycerol acyltransferase
- ARF1
- ARF3
- ARF4
- ARF5
- ARL2 RAS super family
- CSF1 colony stimulating factor , low expressed
- CSK C-src tyrosine kinase
- DCT dopachrome tautomerase
- EFNA3
- FKBP1A
- GDI1 GDI dissociation inhibitor (Rab family)
- GNAS1 ubiquitously expressed, but differential imprinting
- GNAI2
- HAX1 is associated with tyrosine kinases
- ILK integrin linked kinase
- MAPKAPK2
- MAP2K2
- MAP3K11
- PITPNM phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins
- RAC1 Rho GTPase
- RAP1B GTPase, involved in cell adhesion
- RAGA Ras-related GTP-binding protein
- STK19
- STK24 serine / threonine kinase
- STK25
- YWHAB Tyrosine-3-monooxygenase / tryptophan-5-monooxygenase activating protein, β-polypeptide
- YWHAH tyrosine-3-monooxygenase / tryptophan-5-monooxygenase activating protein, h-polypeptide
- YWHAQ tyrosine-3-monooxygenase / tryptophan-5-monooxygenase activating protein, θ-polypeptide
- YWHAZ tyrosine-3-monooxygenase / tryptophan-5-monooxygenase activating protein, ζ-polypeptide
Growth factors
Tissue necrosis factors
- CD40 formerly TNFRSF5
Casein kinases
various
- ALAS1 δ-aminolevulinate synthase type 1 (type 2 is erythroid and associated with porphyria)
- ARHGEF2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor
- ARMET Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
- AES amino-terminal enhancer of split
- BECN1 involved in autophagy
- BUD31 formerly Maternal G10 transcript
- Creatine kinase CKB (ATP reservoir)
- Cytidine deaminase
- CPNE1
- ENSA (gene)
- FTH1 ferritin heavy chain
- GDI2 rab / ras vesicular transport
- GUK1 guanylate kinase
- HPRT hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
- IFITM1 Induced by interferon, transmembrane protein
- JTB (gene) jumping translocation breakpoint
- MMPL2
- NME2 (formerly NM23B) nucleoside diphosphate kinase
- NONO
- P4HB
- PRDX1 peroxiredoxin (reduces peroxides)
- PTMA prothymosin
- RPA2 binds and stretches DNA during replication
- SULT1A3 sulfotransferase
- SYNGR2 synaptogyrin (may participate in vesicle translocation )
- Tetratricopeptide , TTC1 small glutamine rich tetratricopeptide
Open reading frames
Limited to sperm or testicles
- SPAG7
- SRM spermidine synthase
- TEGT Bax inhibitor 1
- DAZAP2 gene deletion in the case of azoospermia
- MEA1 Male Enhanced Antigen 1
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jan Koolman, Klaus-Heinrich Röhm: Pocket Atlas of Human Biochemistry . 2009, ISBN 978-3-13-759404-8 ( page 242 in the Google book search).
- ↑ H. Robert Horton, Laurence A. Moran, K. Gray Scrimgeour, J. David Rawn, Marc D. Perry: Biochemistry . 2008, ISBN 978-3-8273-7312-0 ( page 860 in the Google book search).
- ↑ Detlev Ganten, Klaus Ruckpaul: Fundamentals of molecular medicine . Springer, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-69412-0 ( page 121 in the Google book search).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr Eisenberg E, and Levanon EY: Human housekeeping genes are compact . In: TRENDS in Genetics . 19, No. 7, July 2003, pp. 362-365. doi : 10.1016 / S0168-9525 (03) 00140-9 . PMID 12850439 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef Velculescu VE, Madden SL, Zhang L, Lash AE, Yu J, Rago C, Lal A, Wang CJ, Beaudry GA, Ciriello KM, Cook BP, Dufault MR, Ferguson AT, Gao Y, He TC, Hermeking H, Hiraldo SK, Hwang PM, Lopez MA, Luderer HF, Mathews B, Petroziello JM, Polyak K, Zawel L, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Haluska FG, Jen J, Sukumar S, Landes GM, Riggins GJ, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW .: Analyzes of Human Transcriptomes . In: Nat Genet . 23, No. 4, December 1999, pp. 387-388. doi : 10.1038 / 70487 . PMID 10581018 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Caradec J, Sirab N, Keumeugni C, et al ..: 'Desperate house genes': the dramatic example of hypoxia . In: British Journal of Cancer . 102, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1037-43. doi : 10.1038 / sj.bjc.6605573 . PMID 20179706 . PMC 2844028 (free full text).
- ↑ Hsiao LL, Dangond F, Yoshida T, Hong R, Jensen RV, Misra J, Dillon W, Lee KF, et al .: A compendium of gene expression in normal human tissues . In: Physiol Genomics . 7, No. 2, pp. 97-104. doi : 10.1152 / physiolgenomics.00040.2001 . PMID 11773596 .
- ↑ Susanne Walz, Francesca Lorenzin, Jennifer Morton, Katrin E. Wiese, Björn von Eyss: Activation and repression by oncogenic MYC shape tumor-specific gene expression profiles . In: Nature . tape 511 , no. 7510 , July 2014, ISSN 0028-0836 , p. 483-487 , doi : 10.1038 / nature13473 , PMID 25043018 ( nature.com [accessed May 12, 2020]).