Hylton Castle

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West facade of Hylton Castle (2008)

Hylton Castle is a ruined castle in the North Hylton district of the city of Sunderland in the English administrative unit Tyne and Wear . The castle was built from wood by the Hilton (later Hylton) family shortly after the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and was replaced by a stone castle in the late 14th or early 15th centuries. In the 18th century the Hylton Castle was changed significantly inside and out, but remained the family seat of the Hyltons until the death of the last baron in 1746. It was then Gothicized , but neglected until 1812 and then revived by the new owner. In the 1840s it was vacant again, then served as a school for a short time and was sold again in 1862. At the beginning of the 20th century, the property went to a local coal mining company and was taken over by the state in 1950.

One of the most important details of the castle are the heraldic coats of arms, which are mainly found on the west facade. They have been preserved from the original building to this day and can be assigned to the local families of the lower and high nobility at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century. They indicate the approximate time the new castle was built in stone.

Today the castle is owned by English Heritage , a national government agency that deals with the management of historic buildings and structures in England. The surrounding parkland is looked after by the community. The castle and castle chapel are listed by English Heritage as historical buildings of the first degree and are classified as Scheduled Monument . The property has been measured and examined since 2008 in order to decide on its future.

history

Early history

The Hylton family has been resident in England since the reign of King Æthelstan (approx. 895–939). At that time donated Adam de Hylton the monastery Hartlepool a silver Pyxis or a silver crucifix , decorated 710 g in weight and with his family crest. When William the Conqueror landed in England, Lancelot de Hilton and his two sons Robert and Heinrich joined his troops, but Lancelot fell at Faversham as William's troops advanced on to London . The grateful king gave the eldest son Heinrich a large piece of land on the banks of the Wear as a fief.

The first castle on this site was built by Henry de Hilton around 1072, probably made of wood. As a result, it was rebuilt by Sir William de Hylton (1376–1435) in stone as a four-story, fortified manor house in the style of a gatehouse, somewhat similar to Lumley Castle or Raby Castle . Although one speaks of a gatehouse, it was more of a kind of small castle from the 14th century, similar to Old Wardour Castle , Brywell Castle or Nunney Castle . The castle was first mentioned in a household inventory in 1448 as a "gatehouse, built in stone". Although nothing is known about the details of the construction, the coats of arms on the west facade suggest that it was built between 1390 and the beginning of the 15th century. It is believed that Sir William de Hylton originally wanted a larger castle to be built in addition to the gatehouse, but abandoned that plan.

The household inventory, which was carried out on the occasion of the death of Sir William de Hylton in 1435, mentions a hall, four bedrooms, two sheds, a kitchen and a chapel in addition to the castle, so that one can assume that there were other buildings at that time must have given the property. With the exception of the castle and the chapel, all these buildings are likely to have been made of wood. In 1559, the gatehouse appeared in another household inventory as the "tower" when floors and balconies were drawn in to divide the knight's hall .

The eccentric Henry Hylton, de jure 12th Baron Hylton , bequeathed the castle to the City of London Corporation on his death in 1641 , so that they could use it for charitable purposes for 99 years. After the Stuart Restoration , Hylton Castle was returned to Henry's nephew, John Hylton, de jure 15th Baron Hylton .

18th century

Hylton Castle and Catherine's Chapel - Samuel and Nathaniel Buck (1728)

At the beginning of the 18th century, John Hylton (died 1712), the second son of Henry Hylton, de jure 16th Baron Hylton , had the castle gutted and turned into a three-story building (one room per floor). He also had large, alternately opening sash windows with Italianate-style essays and a three-story north wing, as seen in Samuel and Nathaniel Buck's 1728 engraving. A door to the new wing was also added, which was accessible via a staircase laid out in a semicircle. Above the door was a coat of arms, presumably to commemorate the marriage of John Hylton and Dorothy Musgrave . Today the coat of arms is on the door of The Golden Lion Inn in South Hylton on the other side of the river.

After 1728, Hylton's second son, John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton , added a corresponding south wing, the foundations of which can still be seen today. He had both wings fastened and the door in the north wing walled up. He had the round watch tower on the north west facade converted into an octagonal turret and removed the portcullis at the west entrance.

When the 18th and last baron died in 1746 with no male heirs, the castle fell to his nephew, Sir Richard Musgrave , who then took the name Hylton. He then sold the castle under a private bill (“Private Bill”, 23 Geo. II c.21) in 1749. The new owner was a Mr Wogan who had come back from South East Asia to buy the castle for £ 30,550 (£ 3, 7 million in 2007), but the sale never got through. Instead, Lady Bowes , Sir George Bowes' widow, of Streatlam and Gibside , County Durham, bought the castle. There is no record of whether she or anyone in her family has ever lived at Castle Hylton. The castle was then inherited by her grandson John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne . At that time, stucco work by Pietro La Francini - which has long since disappeared - was installed in the wine cellar and salon. La Francini worked for Daniel Garrett , who had also worked for Lady Bowes at Gibsite Banketing House . In William Howitt's book “Visits to Remarkable Places” (1842) it is stated that the rooms “had stucco ceilings with figures, busts on the walls and a large scene depicting Venus and Cupid, with Apollo playing the violin for the gods, Miverva with hers Helm stood next to it, as well as an old king ”. Garrett probably also designed the Gothic vestibule at the west entrance, the Gothic screen and the one-story rooms with curved fronts that close off the east entrance.

19th century

Hylton Castle and Catherine's Chapel (left) - unknown painter, around 1800
Hylton Castle and St. Catherine's Chapel - unknown painter, around 1800–1829

After the castle had stood empty for a long time, it began to deteriorate. It wasn't until 1812 that Simon Temple , a local businessman, leased the castle from the Streathmores and made it habitable again. He had the chapel given a new roof so that it could be reopened to the public, had battlements attached to the wings and the gardens tended. Since his business was unsuccessful, however, he was unable to complete the work and in 1819 a certain Mr. Thomas Wade lived in the castle.

From 1834 the castle was uninhabited again. In 1840, the Rev. John Wood advertised in the Newcastle Courant for the Hylton Castle Boarding School and the 1841 census showed that Wood, his family, students and staff lived on the property. The boarding school does not seem to have existed for very long, as Howitt remarked in 1842 that "it would be a scene of great desolation (...) that the windows in most of the building and on the entire front facade were barricaded (...), the whole, big, old house would be empty (...) and in a very desolate condition ”. However, he states that the kitchen is used by a poor family. From 1844 the chapel was used as a carpenter's workshop and according to the Durham Chronicle of January 1856 the castle caught fire while it was being used by a farmer, Mr McLaren .

In 1862 the Streathmores put the castle up for sale and William Briggs , a local timber merchant and ship builder, bought it. Briggs changed the appearance of the castle so that he considered it authentically medieval: he had the north and south wings torn down, the main building gutted and windows with one, two or three pointed arches installed. He also had the Gothic vestibule replaced by a “more serious” Gothic entrance door (three-winged with round arches) and a balcony above it. In order to be able to carry out these changes, he had the stone coat of arms of the Hylton family removed from its place above the west entrance of the front, left flanking tower . The inner walls of the four-part room on the ground floor were torn down, the floor raised by about a meter and made two reception rooms. At the eastern end of the former central aisle, a platform staircase was installed that led to the upper floor, required the removal of the oratory and ensured that the main staircase was no longer accessible from the ground floor. The side walls of the great hall were removed to create a large salon, and a large bay window was placed on the south facade where the transition to the south wing used to be. The rooms on the upper floor were left untouched, only the entrance to the rooms of the family and the chaplain had to be created from the main staircase.

Together with the medieval masonry, Briggs' changes can still be seen today, albeit in a ruinous state. Briggs' son, Colonel Charles Briggs (father of Sir Charles James Briggs ), inherited the castle in 1871 and had the nearby Margaret Church (now demolished) built.

20th century

After Colonels Briggs' death in 1900, the castle passed into the hands of the Wearmouth Coal Company in 1908 , and from there to the National Coal Board . With the expansion of the city of Sunderland in the 1940s, the castle was suddenly surrounded by residential areas called Castletown and Hylton Castle . The castle was looted and the lead from the roofs was stolen. In 1950 the castle was transferred to the Ministry of Works due to pressure from the population and out of concern about its complete destruction . Due to the advanced deterioration of the built-in structures from the 19th century, the ministry had all interior walls removed and the exterior walls secured in order to preserve the remaining medieval masonry. The ministry also hired a full-time caretaker for the castle and had the missing pieces of the lead roof replaced with felt to re-seal the roof.

1994 undertook Time Team of Channel 4 excavations on the east terrace. Their investigations revealed the existence of a medieval hall east of the castle; it is believed that it served as a dining room.

chapel

A chapel dedicated to Saint Catherine has existed on the property since 1157, when the Prior of Durham allowed Romanus de Hilton to appoint a chaplain to the chapel. For it had de Hilton, an annual charge of 24 sheaves of oats for each draft oxen, which he had at the nearby monastery in Monkwermouth afford and to the sacred feasts (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, patron saint of St. Peter and St. Paul) for the Mother Church St .Peter come. In 1322 there was a memorial mass for St. Mary and in 1370 three priests were employed for memorial masses.

The chapel, which is located on a small hill northeast of the castle, was rebuilt in stone at the beginning of the 15th century. Between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century, a five-wing east window in the perpendicular Gothic style and a transept were installed. Bucks' engraving from 1728 shows a short nave and a large, six-winged west window. The chapel was not used at that time because it had no roof. The west facade of the chapel was later demolished and the choir arch to the new west facade with Gibbs architrave was built. A bell tower was added around 1805. There are two semi-octagonal transverse niches on the north and south sides of the chapel.

Although the last Baron Hylton and the subsequent owners had repairs carried out on the chapel in the 19th century, it fell into disrepair until, like the castle, it was taken over by the state in 1950.

today

The castle and chapel were listed as Grade I Historic Buildings by English Heritage in 1949 and are a Scheduled Monument. English Heritage took over the property in 1984, but Sunderland City Council owns the land on which the castle and chapel stand. In 1999, Friends of Hylton Dene were formed by residents of the North Hylton estates , “with the aim of working with Sunderland City Council, the Durham Wildlife Trust and other organizations that are actively involved in the development and maintenance of Hylton Dene and Hylton Include Castle. " In December 2007, this group received a £ 50,000 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund to conduct a survey and study of the future of the property. When the castle is renovated, it can be opened to the public. Castle in the Community chairman John Coulthard described the castle, Sunderland's second oldest building, as "an asset in the city - it's a lovely property and we would and would be delighted if it brought us some income."

Four international gatherings of Hylton families have been organized in the past few years, the most notable of which was on Jul 4, 2004 when about 50 American family members visited the castle to display a flag with the Hylton coat of arms on it. The flag now flies from the recently restored flagpole that English Heritage has acquired.

Facades and roof

"Hylton Turrets", a sketch by Robert Billings from 1846, on the roof of Hylton Castle looking south-west. The sketch shows the south-west tower, the south tower of the central part of the east facade and the decaying stone figures on the roof.

The west facade of the castle has square towers flanking the central part and further towers in the southwest and northwest, all with octagonal turrets that have machicolations . The north and south facades are kept relatively simple. The east facade has a central protrusion that rises one floor above the parapet and forms a tower. The southern corner of the tower is curved outward to accommodate the main staircase; only the corbels of the parapet have been preserved to this day. The umbrella that closes off the east entrance has three pointed arches on the ground floor and three keel arches on the shafts above.

The roof was originally covered with lead sheets and adorned with stone soldiers and other figures, similar to those in Raby , at Alnwick Castle and at the city gates of York . Originally there were four figures on each turret and crowd watchtower, but only five have survived to this day. Between the central towers there was once a sculpture of a knight in armor with a snake (only fragments of which are preserved today), believed to be part of the legend of the Lambton Lindworm . The parapets - with the exception of the one on the north facade - are also provided with machicolations and connected the central towers with chiseled leaf arches (originally pointed, but the tips broke off in 1882) instead of consoles . Another detail on the roof were low stone troughs on the battlements that held hot oil or water that could be poured into the machicolations to defend the complex. In a small chamber in each tower and bastion , a burning brazier was kept in front of them to bring the liquids to the desired temperature.

inside rooms

Hylton Castle's original ceilings floor plan. Note : The drawing does not include the balcony in the knight's hall. (Fair-use picture in English Wikipedia)

Before the changes made by John Hylton (d. 1712), the layout of the castle was as follows:

On the ground floor, which could be entered directly from the outer courtyard, the path led into a portico-reinforced vaulted corridor , 3.34 m wide and as deep as the entire building. There were two rooms with vaulted ceilings on either side of the corridor. The room on the right at the entrance was the guard room or porter's room, which contained a draft well. The rear, right-hand room with a lavatory in the south-west tower (accessible via a passage along the south wall) was a room for official purposes. The other two rooms on the left were used by staff or as a storage room.

The first floor was accessible via the main staircase in the east tower. The first accessible room was the knight's hall, which extended over three floors. Immediately to the left was a kitchen (with an upper storey light ) and further back on the left was a room for the butler and the pantry with a toilet bay. In the back right was a small passage with a private staircase and the entrance to the oratory (with a vaulted ceiling and east window) in the east tower. The oratory was accessible through a 1.67 m high door with a pointed arch and contained an altar and a piscina , of which only an ornamental niche has survived to this day. An open fireplace was built into the north wall of the great hall and behind this wall was the parade bedroom with an open fireplace, toilet bay and a seat by the window on the east wall. To the west of the great hall was the upper part of the west window. The portcullis was probably pulled up into the great hall in front of this window.

The kitchen, oratory and parade bedroom extended over two floors, so only the balcony in the knight's hall on the second floor was accessible via the main staircase. The room for the butler and the pantry on the first floor were only one story. Above this was the butler's bedroom (with toilet compartment), which was accessible either via its own staircase or via the balcony in the knight's hall.

The rooms on the north and east sides of the third floor were accessible via the private staircase. There were two rooms used by the family, one above the oratory and a larger one above the parade bedroom. The larger of the two had an open fireplace and a lavatory. This was probably the baron's bedroom. The smaller room was either the chaplain’s bedroom or a room for the family. Both rooms were connected by a lobby at the top of the private staircase.

The room on the south side, which was separated from the other two rooms because of the height of the knight's hall, could be reached via the main staircase. This room was furnished with an open fireplace and a lavatory and was probably used as a guest room.

Above the small chaplain or family room on the third floor was a room for the servants on the mezzanine floor , equipped with an open fireplace in the corner and two windows. It was accessible through the main staircase. Above, at the level of the roof, there was a room for the overseer with an open fireplace with a stone smoke trap, a beamed ceiling, two small windows in the east wall and a toilet bay. There were also four sleeping chambers in the turrets on the roof that were used by servants.

heraldry

The castle and chapel are adorned with heraldic coats of arms, from which you can tell when the castle was built.

West facade

There are twenty coats of arms above the main entrance on the west facade of the castle. They are believed to show the political alliances of the early Hyltons, as they have the king's banner and the coats of arms of the nobles and knights of Northumberland and County Palatine of Durham . From the viewer these are:

Coat of arms on the west facade of Hylton Castle (2008).
(Click on the photo to see the numbering)
  1. England and France, Quartered - The Banner of Henry IV.
  2. Quarter 1 and 4: Or a blue lion ( Percy ); 2 and 3: red, three vertical pikes silver ( Lucy ) - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland
  3. Percy (not quartered) - Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy (son of the above)
  4. A lion wound with a ribbon - Sir Peter Tilliol
  5. In one shelf two lions - Felton of Edlington
  6. Blue, three herons silver - Sir William Heron
  7. A lion - probably the coat of arms of Scotland
  8. Quartered, silver, two stripes blue and gold, six rings red (Hylton-Viertelung, Hylton of Swine) - the branch of the Hyltons from Westmoreland .
  9. Silver, a red bar between three Popinjays green - Sir Ralph Lumley (later Baron Lumley )
  10. A lion in a board digs - Sir Thomas Gray (or his son)
  11. Golden and red quarters, three scallops on one ribbon - Sir Ralph Evers (Eure)
  12. Blue, a shield head Dancette gold - FitzRanulph of Middleham
  13. Silver, two bars, and three stars in the head of the shield - Sir William Washington (ancestor of George Washington )
  14. Silver, a bar between three crescent moons red - Sir Robert Ogle
  15. William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros
  16. Ermine , a herald image gold on a canton red - Sir Thomas Surtees
  17. Ermine , three arches red - Sir Robert Bowes (ancestor of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon )
  18. Thomas Weston, Chancellor of Bishop Skirlaw
  19. Walter Skirlaw ( Bishop of Durham 1388–1406)
  20. Silver, two bars of blue - Sir William Hylton

Although Briggs had to move the Hylton banner to make way for the new entrance, a colored version of Buck's engraving can still be seen today that the coats of arms were originally placed differently than they are today (especially those of Weston and Skirlaw). Briggs probably rearranged the coats of arms, destroying the original hierarchical arrangement. Nevertheless, one can draw conclusions from the coat of arms about the construction and completion of the castle between 1390 and the beginning of the 15th century for the following reasons:

  • The Earl of Northumberland formed a quartered coat of arms from his own coat of arms and that of his second wife, Maud Lucy, after their marriage around 1394.
  • Sir Henry Percy did not form a quartered arms from his own coat of arms and the before Lucy the Honor of Cockermouth inherited in 1398 from his stepmother.
  • The coat of arms of Henry IV is the one he used from around 1400 after he simplified the French coat of arms quarters.

East facade

On the east facade of the castle there is a tilted shield with the coat of arms of the Hyltons; silver, two blue bars and a white roebuck, curved, chained and with a crown of rank , gold. The roebuck is possibly the mark that Richard II used (which would indicate that construction began before Richard was deposed in 1399) or an earlier helmet gem that the family used after William the Conqueror used it as a reward for the services of the Lancelot de Hilton mentioned above. A "Mosos head" (the small helmet on the coat of arms of the Hyltons) can also be seen on the east facade.

chapel

Above the south window: quartered coat of arms of the Hyltons, Viponts and Stapletons. Shield holder , two deer . Above the north window: the same coat of arms without a shield holder, but with the head of Moses. Five shields on the west facade: quartered coat of arms of the Hyltons, Viponts and Stapletons, shield holder two lions, no helmet gems, repeated twice. Quartered coat of arms of the Hyltons and Viponts, the helmet jewel without shield holder, repeated twice, and quartered coat of arms of the Hyltons, Viponts and Stapletons with deers as shield holders.

Ghosts

There is a legend in the area that Hylton Castle is home to the ghost of Robert Skelton, called "Cauld Lad of Hylton" (pronunciation in Mackem : as English "cold"). There are different versions of the story of his death. The best-known of them says that he was beheaded by Sir Robert Hylton (later de jure 13th Baron Hylton) after he fell asleep and so the horse did not get his masters ready to ride in time. Skelton's ghost then began to circulate around the castle, shifting objects, either to misplace them or to rearrange them. The ghost is said to have finally found its peace after the castle servants removed a coat from it.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Neville Whittaker: Old Halls and Manor Houses of Durham . Frank Graham, 1975. ISBN 0-85983-047-0 . P. 83.
  2. ↑ Plantagenet Somerset Fry: Castles of the British Isles . David & Charles, 1980. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3 . P. 246.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f History . Friends of Hylton Dene. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 25, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hyltoncastle.com
  4. ↑ a b Hylton Castle's future - you decide . Sunderland Echo. April 21, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  5. ^ A b John Sykes: Local Records of Northumberland and Durham . Volume 1. p. 9.
  6. ^ A b c d John Timbs, Alexander Gunn: Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England and Wales . Volume 3. London 1872. p. 283.
  7. ^ A b c d Robert William Billings: Architectural Antiquities of the County of Durham . 1844. p. 47.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Nikolaus Pevsner (revised by Elizabeth Williamson): The Buildings of England: Durham . Penguin, London 1983 (revised edition). ISBN 0-300-09599-6 . P. 471.
  9. ↑ a b Nikolaus Pevsner (revised by Elizabeth Williamson): The Buildings of England: Durham . Penguin, London 1983 (revised edition). ISBN 0-300-09599-6 . P. 470.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hylton Castle & Dene (PDF) Sunderland Public Libraries Service. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  11. ^ A b c Adrian Pettifer: English Castles, A guide by counties . Woodbridge 1995. ISBN 0-85115-782-3 . P. 30. ( Preview as Google Book, accessed March 30, 2015).
  12. ^ A b c d A. Dodd and A. Smith: The Gentlemen's Magazine - Review - Surtees's History of Durham . March 1821, p. 234. ( Preview as Google Book, accessed March 30, 2015).
  13. ^ A b Peter Meadows, Edward Waterson: Lost Houses of County Durham . 1993. ISBN 0-9516494-1-8 . P. 42.
  14. ^ Doorway of the Golden Lion, South Hylton . England's Past for Everyone. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 30, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.englandspastforeveryone.org.uk
  15. ^ A b John Sykes: Local Records of Northumberland and Durham . Volume 1. 1866, p. 220.
  16. ^ Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to 2007 . Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  17. ↑ Mary Eleanor Bowes . Sunniside Local History Society. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 30, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sunnisidelocalhistorysociety.co.uk
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Peter Meadows, Edward Waterson: Lost Houses of County Durham . 1993. ISBN 0-9516494-1-8 . P. 43.
  19. ↑ 1841 England Census: Class: HO107; Piece 299; Book: 2; Civil Parish: Monkwearmouth; County: Durham; Enumeration District: 12; Folio: 17; Page: 2; Line: 1; GSU roll: 241347.
  20. ^ A b Robert William Billings: Architectural Antiquities of the County of Durham . 1844. p. 48.
  21. ^ Hylton Castle Estate Sale 1862 (PDF) England's Past for Everyone. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  22. ^ A b c d Peter Meadows, Edward Waterson: Lost Houses of County Durham . 1993. ISBN 0-9516494-1-8 . P. 44.
  23. ^ Hylton Castle (Newcastle upon Tyne) in historicbritain.com accessed April 3, 2015
  24. ^ A b c d Robert Hugill: The castles & towers of the county of Durham: a guide to the strongholds of the ancient Palatinate of Durham . Frank Graham, Newcastle 1979. ISBN 978-0-85983-106-2 . P. 62.
  25. ↑ a b c d Anthony Emery: Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500 . Volume 11. Cambridge 1996. ISBN 0-521-49723-X . P. 107. ( Preview as Google Book, accessed March 30, 2015).
  26. ^ Hylton Castle, investigation history . Pastscape.org.uk. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  27. ^ A b Robert Hugill: The castles & towers of the county of Durham: a guide to the strongholds of the ancient Palatinate of Durham . Frank Graham, Newcastle 1979. ISBN 978-0-85983-106-2 . P. 58.
  28. ↑ Scheduled Monuments. Hylton Castle: a medieval fortified house, chapel, 17th and 18th century . Sunderland City Council. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Nikolaus Pevsner (revised by Elizabeth Williamson): The Buildings of England: Durham . Penguin, London 1983 (revised edition). ISBN 0-300-09599-6 . P. 473.
  30. ↑ Derelict castle could be reopened . BBC Online. March 18, 2008. Accessed March 31, 2015.
  31. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Nikolaus Pevsner (revised by Elizabeth Williamson): The Buildings of England: Durham . Penguin, London 1983 (revised edition). ISBN 0-300-09599-6 . P. 472.
  32. ↑ a b c d e f g Robert Hugill: The castles & towers of the county of Durham: a guide to the strongholds of the ancient Palatinate of Durham . Frank Graham, Newcastle 1979. ISBN 978-0-85983-106-2 . P. 60.
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Anthony Emery: Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500 . Volume 11. Cambridge 1996. ISBN 0-521-49723-X . P. 108. ( Preview as Google Book, accessed March 30, 2015).
  34. ↑ a b c d e f Robert Hugill: The castles & towers of the county of Durham: a guide to the strongholds of the ancient Palatinate of Durham . Frank Graham, Newcastle 1979. ISBN 978-0-85983-106-2 . P. 59.
  35. ^ A b Anthony Emery: Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500 . Volume 11. Cambridge 1996. ISBN 0-521-49723-X . P. 109. ( Preview as Google Book, accessed March 30, 2015).
  36. ↑ Heraldry . Friends of Hylton Dene. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 25, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hyltoncastle.com
  37. ^ West View of Hylton Castle, in the Bishoprick of Durham . Panteek. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  38. ↑ The Secrets of Hylton Castle . AncestryUK.com. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  39. ↑ a b The Davis-Bean Trees . Kerry S. Davis. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 2, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kerrysdavis.home.comcast.net
  40. ↑ Sarah Stoner: Was the Cauld Lad murdered after all? . Sunderland Echo. November 28, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  41. ^ Ghosthunter: The chilling story of our most famous phantom (and one less well known) . Sunderland Echo. September 15, 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  42. ↑ Joseph Jacobs: The Cauld Lad of Hylton . Surlalune Fairytales. April 15, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2015.

literature

  • Robert William Billings: Illustrations of the County of Durham: ecclestical, castellated, and domestic . 1846. pp. 42-44.
  • John Robert Boyle: Comprehensive Guide to the County of Durham: its Castles, Churches, and Manor-Houses . 1892. pp. 546-552.
  • Edward Wedlake Brayley, John Britton: Beauties of England and Wales . Volume 5. 1803. Se. 150-152.
  • Tom Corfe (Editor): An Historic Atlas of County Durham . Chapter: Visible Middle Ages . 1992. ISBN 0-902958-14-3 . Pp. 28-29.
  • Alfred Harvey: Castles and Walled Towns of England . Methuen & Co, 1911
  • William Hutchinson: The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham . Volume 2. 1785-1794. Pp. 638-640.
  • Matthew P. Hutton: Hylton Castle Ghost . Island Light Publishing, 1999.
  • Michael Jackson: Castles of Northumbria: Gazetteer of the Medieval Castles of Northumberland and Tyne and Wear (Medieval Castles of England) . Carlise, 1992. ISBN 0-9519708-0-1 . Pp. 143-144.
  • David James Cathcart King: Castellarium Anglicanum: An Index and Bibliography of the Castles in England, Wales, and the Islands . Volume 1. ISBN 0-527-50110-7 . P. 136.
  • Sir James Dixon Mackenzie, Baronet: Castles of England . Volume 12. Heinemann, 1897. pp. 343-346.
  • Mike Salter: The Castles and Tower Houses of County Durham . 2002. ISBN 1-871731-56-9 .
  • The Time Team Reports . Series 2. 1995. pp. 29-33.
  • Robert Surtees: History and Antiquities of Durham . 1816-1840 / 1972. ISBN 0-85409-814-3 . Pp. 20–24 and table.
  • Thomas Hudson Turner, John Henry Parker ': Some account of Domestic Architecture in England . Volume 13, p. 206.

Web links

Commons : Hylton Castle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 55 ′ 21.1 ″  N , 1 ° 26 ′ 35.4 ″  W.