ICCROM

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International Study Center for the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
(ICCROM)
legal form Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)
founding 1956
Seat Rome , Italy
main emphasis Monument conservation restoration
Action space worldwide
Managing directors Webber Ndoro (General Manager)
Members 136 member states
Website www.iccrom.org
ICCROM members worldwide
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The ICCROM ( English International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property , German  International Study Center for the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property ) is an intergovernmental organization based in Rome , dedicated to the preservation of world cultural heritage sites through training and information , Research, collaboration and funding programs. The aim is to promote the restoration of historical monuments and to strengthen awareness of the importance and fragility of the cultural heritage.

The study center was set up on the basis of a proposal during the UNESCO General Assembly, which took place in New Delhi in 1956 . The study center in Rome was founded three years later .

ICCROM meets the requirements of its member states , currently there are 136.

task

The area of ​​responsibility of ICCROM is defined by a number of statutes, which were established shortly before the founding of the organization (revision: November 25, 2009).

Art. 1 (objectives and tasks)

The International Study Center for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, hereinafter referred to as “ICCROM”, is intended to contribute to the further development of the conservation and restoration of cultural property worldwide by stimulating, developing, promoting and improving the framework conditions for conservation and restoration. ICCROM is intended to perform the following functions in particular:

  1. Contribute to the collection, study and dissemination of information on all aspects of scientific, technical and ethical issues relating to the conservation and restoration of cultural assets
  2. Contributing to the coordination, stimulation and introduction of research projects in this field, in particular by commissioning institutions or experts, organizing international conferences, publishing (of learning material) and promoting exchanges among experts.
  3. Have an advisory function and make recommendations on general or specific questions in the field of restoration and conservation of cultural property
  4. Promote, develop and offer specialist training in the field of monument preservation and restoration of cultural assets in order to raise standards in monument preservation and restoration
  5. Contribute to the promotion of initiatives that lead to a better understanding of the preservation of monuments and the restoration of cultural property.

activities

ICCROM fulfills its tasks through activities in the following areas of activity: education, dissemination of information, research, cooperation and advocacy.

education

The organization contributes to the development of capacities by developing training material, by offering a worldwide range of training courses and by awarding internships and scholarships. Since 1965, the organization has offered professional development courses on a variety of topics, including: B. Conservation of archaeological excavation sites, documentation and inventory in archeology, conservation and preservation of building fabric, contributions to decision-making in monument preservation, management of cultural assets, preventive conservation in museums and risk management for endangered collections. Further training courses focus on specific materials such as stone, wood or audiovisual materials, and still others focus on regional-specific aspects, such as the preservation of monuments in the Arab region or in Southeast Asia.

information

The organization's library is one of the world's leading sources of information on monument conservation and cultural property restoration. It includes more than 120,000 registered references and 1,800 journals in more than 60 languages. In addition, the organisation's own archive preserves institutional documents that go back to the time before the founding of the organization, as well as well over 200,000 images of cultural objects around the world that have been compiled in the course of the organization's educational and scientific activities. The website provides a comprehensive range of information on courses, activities, international events, job offers and training opportunities in the field of monument preservation and restoration.

research

The organization supports an extensive network of experts and institutions in the field of monument preservation, with the help of which the exchange within the framework of conferences and the development of common approaches and methodology can be organized and coordinated. The organization also promotes the establishment of ethical principles and the establishment of criteria and technical standards in the field of conservation practice. The in-house laboratory is also a landmark and a resource for professionals, course participants, interns and fellows of the organization.

collaboration

The organization carries out all activities in collaboration with a large number of institutional and professional partners. ICCROM member states also benefit from joint projects, training and technical advice.

Advocacy

The organization disseminates teaching materials and organizes workshops and conferences designed to raise awareness and support the preservation of monuments on the part of the public.

history

The end of World War II brought with it the need to rebuild monuments and other cultural assets that had either been damaged or destroyed. During the same period, many countries left their colonial past behind and sought to industrialize, to regain and redefine their cultural identity, and began to train professionals in the preservation of cultural assets.

At the international level, there was a lack of a coherent range of training courses and recognized institutions that could help individual nations rebuild and protect their cultural heritage. For this reason, in 1951, during the sixth session of the UNESCO General Assembly, the Representation of the Swiss Government proposed the establishment of an international center with the aim of stimulating the study of conservation and raising awareness of conservation and restoration methods to consolidate on a global scale. After the resolution had been passed, a committee of experts was convened to determine the role and function of this institution. In the brochure published on the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the center ("The First Decade 1959-1969", pages 12-13), Hiroshi Daifuku of the Section for the Development of the Cultural Heritage of UNESCO explained , UNESCO):

Georges Henri Rivière (then director of ICOM was appointed chairman of a subcommittee of the UNESCO International Committee on Monuments that was concerned with the establishment of the center. During the discussion of the proposals for the function of the center September 25, 1953) was considered that such an organ, for example:

  1. major problems of monument preservation, such as the problem of lighting works of art;
  2. appeal to a large number of specialists from different countries;
  3. those countries that do not have preservation laboratories can provide information;
  4. can deal with problems of monument preservation,
  5. coordinate the subject-specific research and because of the fact that they have a higher moral authority, insufficiently trained specialists can prevent improper restorations of important works of art.

These tasks formed the basis for the centre's statutes. In 1956, on the occasion of the ninth session of the UNESCO General Conference in New Delhi, the resolution was passed. In 1957 an agreement was signed between the government of the Italian Republic and UNESCO to establish the said center in Rome.

With the accession of five member states in 1958, the statutes came into force, making the center an independent legal entity. A collaboration began with (other) European conservation and restoration institutes, namely with the Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR, today ISCR, central restoration institute) in Italy and the Royal Institute for Restoration of Works of Art (KIK-IRPA) in Belgium . UNESCO convened a provisional council to manage the center and it opened in Rome in 1959, under the direction of Harold J Plenderleith, the renowned curator of the British Museum. Belgian art historian, Paul Philippot was appointed deputy director and the first general assembly convened in 1960, during which the first regular councilors were elected.

timeline

List of the most important events in the history of ICCROM:

  • 1956 - UNESCO General Assembly decides on the establishment of a monument preservation organization
  • 1957 - Signing of an agreement between UNESCO and Italy to establish the center in Rome. Austria becomes the first member state.
  • 1958 - Five member states join, the center becomes an independent legal entity
  • 1959 - Opening of the center in Rome under the direction of, HJ Plenderleith
  • 1960 - The first general assembly meets.
  • 1961 - The library opens and becomes the leading source for literature in the field of conservation and restoration of cultural property.
  • 1964 - The center participates in drafting the Venice Charter and in saving the monuments in the Nile Valley, including the temples of Abu Simbel.
  • 1965 - The first course on the preservation of the architectural heritage Architectural Conservation (ARC) takes place.
  • 1966 - ICCROM coordinates the first international response to the floods in Florence and Venice.
  • 1968 - The first Conservation of Mural Paintings (MPC) course takes place.
  • 1971 - Paul Philippot becomes director and changes the name from “Rome Center” to “International Center for Conservation”.
  • 1972 - UNESCO confirms the center as an advisory body for the World Heritage Convention.
  • 1973 - The first Conservation Science (SPC) course takes place.
  • 1975 - The first Preventive Conservation in Museums course takes place.
  • 1976 - The first stone conservation course is held in Venice. Following the earthquake in Friuli Italy, rescue work is undertaken
  • 1977 - Bernard M. Feilden is appointed director and changes the name of the center to ICCROM.
  • 1981 - The Turkish archaeologist Cevat Erder becomes director.
  • 1982 - Introduction of the Technical Assistance Program: Initially, small quantities of equipment and accessories, didactic materials, conservation literature, annual subscriptions to specialist magazines on the preservation of monuments and photocopies are given to public institutions and non-profit organizations.
  • 1985 - As part of the PREMA program PREvention of Museums in Africa, regional programs are set up as a long-term incentive for the training of African specialists in preventive monument preservation.
  • 1986 - ICCROM receives the Aga Khan Prize for Architecture for the preservation of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
  • 1988 - Polish architect Andrzej Tomaszewski is appointed director. The first course on wood conservation, Wood Conservation, takes place in Trondheim, Norway.
  • 1991 - The Media Save Art campaign starts; its aim is to raise schoolchildren's awareness of the fragility of cultural heritage.
  • 1992 - Marc Laenen, Belgian museum director and art historian, is appointed director general.
  • 1993 - The NAMEC program for training in conservation of cultural property in the Maghreb countries starts. ICCROM's statutory duties are being revised to include advocacy.
  • 1994 - ICCROM is networked. The PREMO program for monument preservation in the Pacific is established. In Japan, the Nara document is drafted on authenticity.
  • 1995 - The Integrated Territorial and Urban Conservation (ITUC) project - (Integrated Regional and Urban Conservation Program) starts.
  • 1996 - The first Pan American Course on the Conservation and Management of Earthen Architectural and Archeological Heritage PAT course takes place at the Chan Chan archaeological site in Trujillo, Peru.
  • 1997 - Inauguration of the Dr. Laboratory dedicated to Harold J. Plenderleith (ICCROM headquarters).
  • 1998 - The AFRIKA 2009 program starts. In this context, training courses on the preservation of immobile cultural assets are held in the regions of Africa south of the Sahara. An agreement was also signed between ICCROM and the National University of Benin which resulted in the creation of EPA (Ecole du Patrimoine Africain).
  • 1999 - The first course Conservation of Urushi Course for the conservation of Urushi (traditional Japanese lacquer art) takes place.
  • 2000 - Resolution of the Riga Charter in Riga, Latvia on October 23 and 24, 2000 on the occasion of the ICCROM-initiated regional conference on authenticity and historical reconstruction in relation to cultural heritage
  • 2000 - Nicholas Stanley-Price, British archaeologist and heritage lecturer, is named director general. The Program for Museum Development (PMDA, now CHDA) begins in Mombasa, Kenya.
  • 2002 - The internship and scholarship program is established. The first Sharing Conservation Decisions course is held.
  • 2003 - ICCROM starts a series of discussion forums in Rome every two years; the first, Living Religious Heritage, refers to Living Religious Heritage. The first course on the documentation of architectural cultural heritage, Architectural Records, Inventories, and Information Systems for Conservation (ARIS) begins.
  • 2004 - The programs ATHAR Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Arab Region and CollAsia 2010 Conservation of Mobile Cultural Assets in Southeast Asia are launched.
  • 2005 - The first course, Reducing Risks to Collections, takes place in Rome.
  • 2006 - Algerian archaeologist and Deputy Director of Culture at UNESCO, Mounir Bouchenaki, is appointed Director General. ICCROM is celebrating the 50th anniversary of the General Conference resolution establishing the center.
  • 2007 - The first course Safeguarding of Sound and Image Collections (SOIMA) (protection of sound and image collections) takes place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The first course on the conservation of architectural monuments, Conservation of Built Heritage (CBH) takes place in Rome. It is a further development of the ARC course.
  • 2008 - The LATAM Monument Preservation Program in Latin America and the Caribbean is launched.
  • 2009 - The AFRICA 2009 program ends. ICCROM celebrates 50 years of existence.
  • 2010 - The CollAsia 2010 program ends. CollAsia enabled the training of specialists in the Asia-Pacific region in the field of monument preservation of movable cultural assets and proved how important it is to include the local communities and intangible cultural assets in the preservation of monuments. The first round of the First Aid to Cultural Heritage (FAC) first aid course will take place in Rome. This course, supported by many project partners, was also held in Haiti after the earthquake and has since been offered in various editions worldwide.
  • 2011 - Stefano De Caro, an Italian archaeologist, is appointed General Director of ICCROM. Development of the RE-ORG platform in cooperation with UNESCO: it offers smaller museums tools and guidelines for the reorganization of their stocks.
  • 2012 - A new program for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is introduced.
  • 2013 - The ICCROM Forum on Science in Monument Preservation takes place in October 2013. The forum will bring together conservation professionals from around the world to discuss the importance of the science of monument conservation to the global agenda.
  • 2014 - ICCROM-ATHAR Regional Conservation Center is inaugurated in Sharjah, UAE.
  • 2015 - ICCROM puts cultural heritage on the agenda of the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), Sendai, Japan. The FAC course takes place on site to support the rescue of cultural assets after the earthquake disaster in Nepal.
  • 2016 - After the earthquake in Myanmar, ICCROM makes a contribution through capacity-building on site in Bagan.

organization structure

ICCROM member states

The organs of ICCROM are the General Assembly, the Executive Board and the Secretariat.

General Assembly

The General Assembly is composed of delegates from all member states who meet in Rome every two years to determine the goals and general guidelines of the organization. It decides on the programs submitted to it, approves the budget and elects the members of the Council and the Director General.The General Assembly also approves reports on the work program of the activities of the Council and the Secretariat, determines the contributions of the Member States and adopts and revises the statutes and regulations from ICCROM if necessary.

advice

The members of the ICCROM Council are chosen from among the world's most qualified experts in the field of monument preservation and restoration. When electing council members, care is taken to ensure adequate representation of all cultural regions of the world and relevant special areas are taken into account.

The council meets annually in Rome.

office

The secretariat consists of the general manager and staff. The General Director is responsible for carrying out the activities within the framework of the programs that have been decided. The employees cover the following areas: immobile cultural assets (monuments, archaeological sites, historical cities, etc.), mobile cultural assets (e.g. museum collections), knowledge and communication (library, archive, publications, web), laboratory, and the finance and administration sectors.

Member states

General Directors

  • Harold J. Plenderleith (1959–1971)
  • Paul Philippot (1971–1977)
  • Sir Bernard M. Feilden (1977-1981)
  • Cevat Erder (1981–1988)
  • Andrzej Tomaszewski (1988–1992)
  • Marc Laenen (1992-2000)
  • Nicholas Stanley-Price (2000-2005)
  • Mounir Bouchenaki (2006-2011)
  • Stefano De Caro (2012-2017)
  • Webber Ndoro (2018-present)

The ICCROM award

Since 1979 the ICCROM award has been given to people who have made a significant contribution to the development of the institution and who have made special contributions to the preservation of monuments, the protection and restoration of cultural assets. This award is given every two years to one or two nominated and elected by the council. List of previous ICCROM winners in alphabetical order.

  • Om Prakash Agrawal - (1993)
  • Italo C. Angle - (1984)
  • Countess Agnes Ballestrem - (1995)
  • Mounir Bouchenaki - (2000)
  • Cesare Brandi - (1979)
  • Giovanni Carbonara - (2017)
  • Maurice Chehab - (1979)
  • Paul Coremans - (1979)
  • Hiroshi Daifuku - (1979)
  • Abdel-Aziz Daoulatli - (2005)
  • Guglielmo De Angelis d'Ossat - (1979)
  • Vasile Dragut - (1990)
  • Cevat Erder - (1997)
  • Sir Bernard M. Feilden - (1995)
  • Hans Foramitti - (1983)
  • Albert France-Lanord - (1988)
  • Piero Gazzola - (1979)
  • Gaël de Guichen - (2001)
  • Frédéric Gysin - (1979)
  • Charles Gruchy - (1997)
  • Tomokichi Iwasaki - (1986)
  • Jukka Jokilehto - (2000)
  • Marisa Laurenzi Tabasso - (2009)
  • Raymond Lemaire - (1981)
  • Johan Lodewijks - (1992)
  • Zhou Lu - (2013)
  • Stanislas Lorentz - (1979)
  • Nils Marstein - (2009)
  • Giovanni Massari - (1981)
  • Katsuhiko Masuda - (2007)
  • Laura Mora - (1984)
  • Paolo Mora - (1984)
  • Bruno Mühlethaler - (1988)
  • Webber Ndoro - (2015)
  • Colin Pearson - (2003)
  • Paul Perrot - (1990)
  • Paul Philippot - (1981)
  • Harold J. Plenderleith - (1979)
  • Gianfranco Pompei - (1979)
  • Sir Norman Reid - (1983)
  • Herb Stovel - (2011)
  • Jean Taralon - (1984)
  • Johannes Taubert - (1984)
  • Garry Thomson - (1986)
  • Agnes Timar-Balazsy - (2001)
  • Giorgio Torraca - (1990)
  • Gertrude Tripp - (1981)
  • Giovanni Urbani - (1993)
  • Arthur Van Schendel - (1979)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "ICCROM Statutes" ( Memento of the original from September 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in English). Accessed 2016-10-18. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccrom.org
  2. ↑ "ICCROM Statutes" ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in English). Accessed 2016-10-18. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccrom.org
  3. ↑ a b c d e Information on ICCROM (brochure, 2008).
  4. ↑ a b Daifuku, Hiroshi (1969), "The International Study Center for Restoration in Rome: Ten Years Later" ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in English) (PDF), The First Decade 1959–1969, Rome. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccrom.org
  5. ↑ ICCROM (October 2009) “ Special edition for the 50th anniversary ( memento of the original from September 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. “(In English) (PDF), ICCROM Newsletter, 35, Rome. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccrom.org
  6. ↑ "How we work" ( Memento of the original dated August 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in English). Accessed 2016-10-18.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccrom.org
  7. ↑ "ICCROM Award" ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in English). Accessed 2016-10-18. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccrom.org