Ima Hogg

Ima Hogg around 1900

Ima Hogg (born July 10, 1882 in Mineola (Texas) , † August 19, 1975 in London ), known as the "First Lady of Texas", was an American philanthropist , patroness and art collector, and is considered one of the most respected Texas women of the 20th century. As a passionate art collector, she owned works by Picasso , Klee and Matisse, among others . Hogg donated hundreds of works of art to the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston and was a member of the Committee for the planning of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC An avid collector of early American antiques she was a member of a committee from the White House with was commissioned to find historical furniture. She restored and refurbished several properties including the Varner-Hogg Plantation State Historical Site and the Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens , which she later donated to artistic and historical institutions in Texas. Among the numerous awards and honors Hogg received was an honorary doctorate in art from Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas .

Ima Hogg was born to Sarah Ann "Sallie" Stinson and James Stephen "Big Jim" Hogg , who later became governor of the state. Her first name comes from the epic The Fate of Marvin , which her uncle Thomas Hogg had written. She tried to disguise her unusual name by writing it indistinctly and calling it “I. Hogg ”or“ Miss Hogg ”. Contrary to the rumors about a sister named "Ura Hogg", she only had two brothers. In 1895, Hogg's father resigned from office and shortly afterwards her mother was diagnosed with tuberculosis . When she died later that year, her widowed aunt moved to Austin to look after the children. Between 1899 and 1901 Ima Hogg attended the University of Texas at Austin , after which she moved to New York City and studied piano playing and music theory for two years. After her father's death in 1906, she traveled to Europe and spent two years studying music in Vienna under Xaver Scharwenka . When she returned to Texas, she directed the self-established Houston Symphony Orchestra and was President of the Symphony Society .

After discovering oil on her family's plantation, Hogg became rich and she used this income for the Texan people. In 1929 she founded the Houston Child Guidance Center , which offered therapies for behavioral children and their families. Based on a remark in her brother's will, she set up the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health at the University of Texas at Austin in 1940 . Hogg successfully ran for a seat on the Houston School Board in 1943 , where she endeavored to eliminate gender and skin color as determining criteria for wages and to introduce art classes for black students. Ima Hogg never married and died in 1975. The Ima Hogg Foundation was the main beneficiary of her will and continues its philanthropic work today. A number of annual awards ceremonies have been introduced on her behalf to honor her efforts to protect Texas heritage.

Surname

Ima Hogg's father, James Stephen "Jim" Hogg (1851–1906), Governor of Texas

The name Ima Hogg has the same pronunciation in English as the phrase “I'm a hog” (“I'm a pig”). This has resulted in Ima Hogg's name becoming entwined with legend.

After the birth of his only daughter, Jim Hogg wrote to his brother, “ Our cup of joy is now overflowing! We have a daughter of as fine proportions and of as angelic mien as ever gracious nature favor a man with, and her name is Ima! "(German:" The cup of our joy is now overflowing. We have a daughter with such fine proportions and such an angelic expression as gracious nature can only give a man, and her name is Ima! ") Although for this time unusual, Ima had no middle name. Her first name came from the epic of her uncle Thomas The Fate of Marvin , which describes two young women named Ima and Leila in the War of Independence . According to Virginia Bernhard's biography of Ima Hogg, "some believe James Hogg named his only daughter Ima to attract the attention of Texas voters," since he ran for state attorney in Texas' 7th district that same year and won the election.

Ima Hogg later related that “My grandfather Stinson lived fifteen miles from Mineola and news was slowly spreading. When he heard of his granddaughter's name, he came into town as soon as he could to protest, but it was too late. The baptism had already taken place and I still had to be called Ima. ”During her childhood her older brother William often came home from school with a bloody nose; he had tried, as she later said, to defend “my good name”. As an adult, Hogg wrote her name so vaguely that her first name was illegible. On her stationery was only "Miss Hogg" or "I. Hogg ”printed. It was only a few months before her death that she began to give herself a nickname; she then called herself "Imogene".

Contrary to popular belief, Ima didn't have a sister named Ura (pronounced like “You're a hog”). The Kansas City Star newspaper even invented another sister, Hossa.

In the early 1930s, Hogg was working on a collection of her father's papers and speeches, along with his father's biographer, historian Robert C. Cotner. She often protected his place in history by clarifying or refuting articles about him. According to Bernhard, “she tried to defend her father from evil tongues simply because Ima was burdened with a name that had to be explained her whole life. In this way she defended herself, and with respectable skill and reliable courtesy. "

Early years

Ima Hogg was born in Mineola, Texas , in 1882 to Jim Hogg and Sarah Ann Stinson . She was the second of four children, the other three were William Clifford Hogg (1875-1930), Michael Hogg (1885-1941) and Thomas Elisha Hogg (1887-1949). The Hogg family had long been active in public offices. Her great-grandfather, Thomas Hogg, served in the Georgia , Alabama, and Mississippi legislatures . Her grandfather, Joseph Lewis Hogg, sat in Congress for the Republic of Texas and was involved in drafting the Texas Constitution. At the time of her birth, Hogg's father was the Texas District 7th District Attorney. When his tenure ended in 1884, the family moved to Tyler where he worked as a lawyer. Two years later, Jim Hogg was elected Attorney General of Texas, whereupon the family moved to the capital Austin . There Ima started attending kindergarten. When Jim Hogg was elected the first native governor of Texas four years later , Ima accompanied her mother and older brothers to the swearing-in ceremony and the opening ball in January 1891, so she saw her first inauguration in the newly built Texas Capitol. The family moved into the Texas Governor's Mansion , which was built in 1855 and was in disrepair with cracked walls and dilapidated furnishings. Ima and her siblings were expected to help with the renovation and bring the building into a habitable state - among other things, she was asked to remove chewing gum from furniture and door frames.

During Jim Hogg's tenure as the 20th Governor of Texas, the Hogg family lived in the Texas Governor's Mansion in Austin

Hogg and her younger brothers were boisterous. She remembered sliding down the railing of the Governor's Mansion with a particular pleasure. Her mother tried to teach her ladylike activities like handicrafts, but Hogg admitted that she "never had enough patience". Her mother also encouraged her to learn German. Hogg and her siblings were often taken to the Millet Opera House in Austin to see performances. In addition, the children loved animals, and the family has owned a large number of different species of animals over the years.

Ima's mother never regained her strength after Thomas was born and was semi-disabled for the rest of her life. During the years in Austin, Ima accompanied her to several spas. Sarah was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1895 and, on the advice of her doctor, she and Ima moved to Colorado, where they lived with Jim Hogg's older sister, Martha Francis Davis. She died in Colorado on September 25, 1895.

Martha Davis accompanied the family to Austin and spent several months looking after Ima and her brothers. Davis, who had lost her husband to tuberculosis and whose son was also battling the disease, believed that Ima must have got the disease from her mother. She instructed Ima never to marry in order not to pass the disease on. The children were enrolled in boarding school in San Marcos in late 1895 but returned to Austin the following year and lived with their father. Although the family employed a housekeeper, Ima was considered the landlady and supervised the housekeeping as well as the upbringing of her younger brothers. In 1898, Hogg accompanied her father to Hawaii , where they met the Hawaiian Queen Liliʻuokalani and attended the ceremony for the delivery of Hawaii to the United States. The two were scheduled to sail back to Seattle, but Hogg refused to board because she "had a terrible feeling". Her father relented and they instead sailed to California, where they learned that the original ship had disappeared at sea and that there were no survivors.

Education and musical interest

Music was always present in the Hoggs' house, and Ima began learning to play the piano at the age of three. Although her younger brothers attended a public school, Ima was enrolled in a private school and received private music lessons. In 1899 she was admitted to the University of Texas at Austin (UT), where her favorite subjects were German, Old English and Psychology. She later noted that "no freshman was more immature, unprepared, and fearful than I was." She joined the women's association called the Valentine Club and helped establish the first female students on campus. After two years at university, she moved to New York City to study piano and music theory at the National Conservatory of Music of America .

Under Ima Hogg's supervision, a new front entrance was built for her house on the Varner Plantation

Just before the turn of the century, Hogg's father began investing in oil. In 1901 he bought 4,100 acres (17 km²) of land near West Columbia, Texas, which was part of the Varner Plantation. After studying in New York for two years, Ima returned to Texas and spent her time on both the plantation and Houston , where her father ran a law firm.

On January 26, 1905, Jim Hogg was injured in a train accident. The next year Ima nursed him and tried very hard to improve his health, but on March 3, 1906, she found her father dead in his bed. Ima was devastated; to quell her grief, her brother William took her to New York City. During her stay there, she immersed herself in concerts and museums.

She liked a vacation in Germany in 1907 so much that she decided to stay in Europe to continue her piano studies. For the next two years she studied music with Martin Krause in Berlin and with Franz Xaver Scharwenka , the court pianist of Franz Joseph I , in Vienna . After returning from Europe, she settled in Houston with her brother William. Although the city had more than 100,000 inhabitants, there were no museums, no parks, and no professional theater, music or ballet groups. Hogg decided to teach music and practiced the profession for the next nine years. One of her first students was Jacques Abram , who later became a concert pianist. By 1913, Hogg became president of the Girls' Musical Society and sat on the entertainment committee of the college's women's association, which organized a small theater company called the Green Mask Players . In the same year she also organized the Houston Symphony Orchestra . Hogg served as the vice president of the Symphony Society at the first board meeting and began the first of her twelve terms as president in 1917.

Philanthropist and community leader

Hogg was affectionately known as "Miss Ima" by people who knew her and was widely regarded as the "First Lady of Texas". When John Connally was governor of Texas, his wife Nellie admitted, "Usually the governor's wife is called the first lady of the state, but Ima always was and always will be the first lady of Texas." 1957 brought New York Times featured Texans on a series about high society in which she wrote, “ But one social figure celebrated across the state and even across its borders is Miss Ima Hogg. She's about 80 now, but still a beacon in Houston's parish. ”

After their father died in 1906, Hogg and her brothers tried to sell the Varner plantation, but a clause in his will stated that the land had to be kept for fifteen years. On January 15, 1918, oil was found on the Varner Plantege. The income for this was $ 255,000 a month for the following year, which was shared among the four siblings. According to Hoggs biographer Gwendolyn Cone Neely, the Hoggs did not think the money was rightfully theirs because it came from the country rather than hard work, so they decided to use it for the good of Texas.

In 1929, Hogg founded the Houston Child Guidance Center to promote therapies for behavioral children and their families. She believed that treating emotional and mental problems in children could prevent more serious illnesses in adulthood. Her interest in psychiatric care came from her father, who had done extensive research on the subject of mental health. During his tenure as governor, Ima often accompanied him on his visits to public institutions, including foundation hospitals and homes for the mentally ill. She continued her education in this field while studying at the University of Texas by taking several courses in psychology. Ima was convinced that her youngest brother Tom would have benefited from similar treatment because he had behaved badly after her mother's death and was "restless, impulsive and terribly negligent with money" as an adult. This notion, now established as the state of the art, was still revolutionary in 1929. In 1972 she told the Houston Chronicle that of everything she had done so far, founding the Houston Child Guidance Center had given her the most pleasure.

Hogg had previously suffered from mental health problems. She felt sick towards the end of 1918, presumably due to severe depression. She consulted Francis Xavier Dercum , a specialist in the treatment of nervous and mental illnesses, who treated her for the next three years. She was hospitalized for over a year and took another three years to recover, mostly in Philadelphia . In the summer of 1923, Hogg had fully recovered. However, because she was allegedly too weak after the illness, she gave up her dream of becoming a concert pianist forever.

Ima went on vacation to Germany with her older brother William in 1930. During the trip he developed a gallbladder disease and died after an emergency operation on September 12, 1930. Ima had his body transported back to the United States. In his will, he left the University of Texas $ 2.5 million with a desire to use the money, along with his sister's donations, for "far-reaching benefits for the people of Texas." Inheritance disputes delayed the payment of the inheritance shares, in 1939 the university received 1.8 million dollars. After a dispute with her brother Michael, who was appointed executor, Ima used the money in 1940 to establish the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health at the University of Texas at Austin .

The San Antonio Express reported in 1939 that the funds made available to the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health would be used to set up mental health clinics, obtain textbooks and courses for teachers in Texas, and support psychiatric research. When the United States entered World War II, the foundation investigated methods of preventing mentally unsuitable candidates from entering the military and offered counseling to soldiers traumatized during the war. After the war, the foundation expanded its work to include education and philanthropy by providing psychological care for the poor and the elderly. It awarded five US $ 5,000 scholarships annually to those pursuing a Masters of Social Work .

In 1943, Hogg ran for the seat of a second female representative on the Houston School Board . With 4,350 votes, she won over 1000 more than the runner-up. During her tenure there, she tried to get rid of gender and skin color as criteria for scholarships. She advocated a tutoring program for children with emotional problems and art classes for black students. Hogg turned down the candidacy for a second term.

Furniture and art collector

Hogg and her brothers were avid art collectors. They owned a large collection, including Native American art and works by Picasso , Chagall , Matisse, and Modigliani . Her interest in art began during her convalescence in Philadelphia. Her first purchase was a Spanish armchair in 1922. At the time, Hogg was one of the few who considered American antiques valuable, with most collectors focused on furniture that was built in Europe. Hogg remained one of the few foragers who did not live on the east coast. As her collection grew, she often received requests to loan items for exhibitions in New England . Hogg always refused with the words “ they've got plenty of these things up there ”.

Ima Hogg donated works that they inherited from their brethren, to the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston , including a limited edition of the Pferdezureiter ( Bronco Buster ) by Frederic Remington

In the 1920s, the Hoggs brothers began building an elite neighborhood in the Houston suburbs they named River Oaks. They chose the largest plot of land at 5.9 acres for their own home. Ima worked closely with architect John Staub to design a house that would showcase the works of art the family had purchased. William and Ima moved into the house they named Bayou Bend in 1928. When she had her property renovated in 1939, she donated more than a hundred works on paper to the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston (MFAH), including works by Cézanne , Sargent , Picasso and Klee . After the death of her brother Michael in 1941, she also donated his Frederic Remington collection to the museum. It consists of 53 oil paintings, ten watercolors and a bronze figure, is known as the Hogg Brothers Collection and is, according to Hogg's biographer Nelly, "one of the most important collections of Western paintings in an American museum". In 1944, Hogg donated her collection of Indian art to the museum, which consists of 168 pottery, 95 jewels and 81 paintings.

In 1960 she was appointed by President Eisenhower to a committee to plan the National Cultural Center , which later became the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC . A year later, Jacqueline Kennedy selected her as one of the eighteen people who will select period furniture for the White House .

Restorations

Although Hogg spent little time at the Varner plantation after building Bayu Bend, she continued to buy art and antique furnishings for the plantation. In the 1950s she restored the plantation, each room being given a different theme from Texan history: Colonial Era, Confederation , Napoleonic Era (1818) and the Mexican-American War . One room was dedicated to her father and contained his desk and chair, as well as his collection of walking sticks. She donated the property to the state and it was inaugurated as the Varner-Hogg Plantation State Historical Site in 1958, on the 107th birthday of Jim Hogg .

Ima Hogg helped design the Bayou Bend , which is now part of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston .

When restorations stalled, Hogg focused on Bayou Bend, her Houston home, which housed some of her personal collection of antiques and art. The New York Times called it a "First Class Early American Furniture Collection" in 1953, and it had a large collection of Americana and decorative art from colonial Mexico, some of which are still in the house. In the late 1950s, Hogg said, “I've been collecting American furniture for a long time. I collected and collected and collected until I got so many that I didn't know what to do with them. I decided to give it to the museum. ”She worked with the architect John Staub on the structural changes that would turn her home into a museum. She removed personal items and items that did not fit her concept from the house. She only left her English dining room table, on which she had too many memories to remove.

Several River Oaks residents sued the establishment of a museum in Bayou Bend, but Hogg won in court. To alleviate local residents' concerns about increased traffic, Hogg asked the city of Houston to build a footbridge over Buffalo Bayou so that visitors could get to the house without having to drive through River Oaks. In the fall of 1965, she moved out of her home and the MFAH opened the new museum in 1966 as MFAH's Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens .

In 1963, Hogg bought a property near Round Top, Texas, hoping to bring its historic building to Bayou Bend. When this plan proved impractical, she decided to restore it on site and temporarily moved to Round Top. After personally overseeing the restoration of Winedale Inn, a stagecoach house near Round Top, she donated it to the University of Texas at Austin. It is now known as the Winedale Historical Center and is mainly used as an open-air museum and music center. In 1969 she also restored her childhood home in Quitman, which the city later renamed the Ima Hogg Museum , and her grandfather's house.

Presentation and character

David Warren, the first administrator of Bayou Bend, said Hogg was " small and dainty and feminine - and smart and sharp and knowledgeable - all rolled into one ". Her biographer, Bernhard, described her as "smartly and stylishly dressed", 5 feet 2 inches (157 cm) tall and neat looking, "independent and self-possessed" and remarked that she could "gloss over her purposefulness with layers of charm."

When she was woken by a burglar one morning in 1914, she came face to face with the man who was trying to steal her jewelry. She convinced him to give her the jewels back and "then wrote him a note with a name and an address where he could get a job the same day". When asked why she did that, Hogg said, "He didn't look like a bad person." Later that year she sailed to Germany alone. While she was out, Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este was murdered and the day before her arrival England declared war on Germany. The United States, however, was still neutral, so Hogg continued her journey through Europe for several months.

Although Bernhard describes Hogg as a woman with "reliable courtesy", the biographer claims that the philanthropist also had opponents. For example, at a Houston Symphony concert on the occasion of Hogg's 90th birthday, pianist Arthur Rubinstein called her a "pesky old woman." For her part, Hogg saw the musician as "an inflated old man". In contrast, she said of Vladimir Horowitz , whom she met at a concert in Houston in 1975, “Such a nice man. Not nearly like this Mr. Rubinstein. "

Hogg was a generous benefactress and believed that "inherited money was a public foundation." She was described by the University of Houston as "compassionate by nature," "progressive in belief," "concerned for the welfare of all Texans," "an avid advocate of mental health," and "committed to public education." Hogg was a member of the Democrats all of her life .

death

Hogg died on August 19, 1975, at the age of 93, of an atheroma-related heart attack. She was on vacation in London at the time. On the occasion of her death, the University of Texas raised the flag to half mast and declared two days of mourning.

Hogg was buried next to her family in Oakwood Cemetery , Austin . Her work is continued by the Ima Hogg Foundation, which she founded in 1964 and which was the main beneficiary of her will. Hogg never married; According to her biographer Bernhard, she told a friend that "she has received over 30 marriage proposals, but has not accepted any of them".

Awards and Legacy

View of the gardens in Bayou Bend

Hogg received numerous awards for her social contributions. The Garden Club of America honored her with the Amy Angell Colliers Montague Model for Civic Achievement in 1959 . In 1966 she was awarded by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. She also received the Louise du Pont Crowninshield Prize - the highest honor awarded by the National Trust for Historic Preservation .

Hogg restored the original entrance to the Varner-Hogg Plantation State Historical Site , which was built in 1832

In 1968, Hogg received the Santa Rita Award , the University of Texas Systems' highest and first ever honor, for her contributions to higher education . She received an honorary degree in arts from Southwestern University in 1971 and was the third woman (after Lady Bird Johnson and Oveta Culp Hobby) to join the Academy of Texas in 1969 . She also became the first female president in the 110-year history of the Philosophical Society of Texas .

Their restoration work has been recognized by many organizations. She was honored by the American Society of Interior Designers in 1965 and the 1972 Thomas Jefferson Award for her contributions to cultural heritage . The Houston Symphony established a scholarship on her behalf and honored her with a concert on her 90th birthday. The Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin presents an annual Ima Hogg Award for outstanding achievements in research into the history of the United States and its transmission to future generations. When former Texas Governor Allan Shivers 1963 Hogg the Distinguished Alumnus Award of the University of Texas Ex-Students Association handed he said of "Miss Ima":

“Some persons create history.
Some record it.
Others restore and conserve it.
She has done all three. "

- Allan Shivers

literature

• Virginia Bernhard: Ima Hogg: The Governor's Daughter . 2nd Edition. Texas Monthly Press, Austin TX 1996, ISBN 1-881089-91-6 (first edition: 1984).
• Dwight Burlingame: Philanthropy in America. A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara 2004, ISBN 1-57607-861-2 .
• James Cramer, Jennifer Evans Yankopolus: Almanac of Architecture & Design: 2005 . 6th edition. Greenway Communications, Atlanta 2005, ISBN 0-9675477-9-2 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
• Kenneth E. Hendrickson: The Chief of Executives of Texas: From Austin to John B. Connally, Jr . Texas A&M University Press, College Station TX 1995, ISBN 0-89096-641-9 .
• Louise Kosches Iscoe: Ima Hogg, First Lady of Texas: Reminiscences and Recollections of Family and Friends . Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, Austin TX 1976, OCLC 2287061 .
• Mary L. Kelley: The Foundations of Texan Philanthropy . Texas A&M University Press, College Station TX 2004, ISBN 1-58544-327-1 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
• Gwendolyn Cone Neely: Miss Ima and the Hogg Family . Hendrick-Long Publishing, Dallas TX 1992, ISBN 0-937460-78-8 .
• Laurence Parent: Official Guide to Texas State Parks . University of Texas Press, Austin TX 2004, ISBN 0-292-76575-4 .
• Michael Sherrod, Matthew Rayback: Bad Baby Names: The Worst True Names Parents Saddled Their Kids With, and You Can Too! Ancestry.com, 2008, ISBN 1-59331-314-4 .
• David Warren: The Grandeur of Viceregal Mexico: Treasures from the Museo Franz Mayer . University of Texas Press, Austin TX 2002, ISBN 978-0-89090-107-6 .
• Ruthe Winegarten: Governor Ann Richards & Other Texas Women: From Indians to Astronauts . Eakin Press, Austin TX 1993, ISBN 978-0-89015-944-6 .

Web links

Commons : Ima Hogg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Hogg Foundation for Mental Health
• Texas Parks and Wildlife Department: Governor Hogg Shrine and Miss Ima Hogg Museum
• Bayou Bend website of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston
• Ima Hogg's Santa Rita Award page

Individual evidence

Virginia Bernhard: Ima Hogg - The Governor's Daughter

1. ↑ ^{a b} page 17
2. ↑ ^{a b c} page 18
3. ↑ ^{a b} page 19
4. ↑ ^{a b c} page 89
5. ↑ page 20
6. ↑ ^{a b} page 24
7. ↑ ^{a b c} page 25
8. ↑ page 26
9. ↑ page 28
10. ↑ page 29
11. ↑ ^{a b} page 30
12. ↑ ^{a b} page 31
13. ↑ ^{a b} page 43
14. ↑ page 44
15. ↑ page 48
16. ↑ page 49
17. ↑ page 53
18. ↑ ^{a b c d} page 54
19. ↑ ^{a b} page 56
20. ↑ Pages 55–56
21. ↑ page 57
22. ↑ ^{a b c d} page 58
23. ↑ page 65
24. ↑ page 4
25. ↑ page 88
26. ↑ page 3
27. ↑ page 59
28. ↑ page 60
29. ↑ ^{a b c} page 62
30. ↑ ^{a b} page 90
31. ↑ page 63
32. ↑ page 104
33. ↑ page 101
34. ↑ page 9
35. ↑ page 77
36. ↑ page 78
37. ↑ ^{a b} page 80
38. ↑ page 10
39. ↑ page 98
40. ↑ page 99
41. ↑ page 2
42. ↑ page 116
43. ↑ page 114
44. ↑ page 14
45. ↑ page 7
46. ↑ page 12
47. ↑ Pages 5–6
48. ↑ ^{a b} page 15
49. ↑ page 87
50. ↑ page 121
51. ↑ ^{a b c} page 130
52. ↑ page 129
53. ↑ page 92

Kenneth E. Hendrickson: The Chief of Executives of Texas

1. ↑ ^{a b} page 120
2. ↑ page 130

Gwendolyn Cone Neely: Miss Ima and the Hogg Family

1. ↑ page 13
2. ↑ page 16
3. ↑ page 17
4. ↑ page 13
5. ↑ page 23
6. ↑ ^{a b c} page 31
7. ↑ page 32
8. ↑ page 35
9. ↑ page 36
10. ↑ page 59
11. ↑ page 60
12. ↑ page 70
13. ↑ page 24
14. ↑ ^{a b} page 71
15. ↑ ^{a b c d e} page 75
16. ↑ ^{a b} page 82
17. ↑ ^{a b} page 83
18. ↑ page 86
19. ↑ page 87
20. ↑ page 81

Others

1. ↑ ^{a b} Louise Kosches Iscoe: Ima Hogg, First Lady of Texas
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Texas’s Ima Hogg, Philanthropist. The New York Times, Associated Press, Aug 21, 1975, p. 38 , accessed Jan 1, 2008 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Virginia Bernhard: Hogg, Ima. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed March 12, 2008. (English, tshaonline.org ).
4. ^ Thomas Hogg: The Fate of Marvin and Other Poems . Houston, Texas 1873.
5. ↑ Robert Cotner: Hogg, James Stephen. In: The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 1999 ff, accessed March 25, 2008. (English, tshaonline.org ).
6. ^ Hogg to Texas . In: Time Magazine . Retrieved February 7, 2012. 
7. ↑ Louise Iscoe Kosches: Ima Hogg, First Lady of Texas , p.7
8. ^ Metropolises of State Lay Claim to All the Appurtenances of Older Traditions with Emphasis on Well-Defined Strata . In: The New York Times , Feb. 11, 1957, pp. 31-32. 
9. ^ ^{A b c d} Mary L. Kelley: The Foundations of Texan Philanthropy. Pp. 49-50.
10. ^ Hogg Fund to Go for State Health Program, Head of College Says . In: San Antonio Express , July 20, 1939. 
11. ^ Mary L. Kelley: The Foundations of Texan Philanthropy. Pp. 54-57.
12. ^ Ima Hogg Scholarships in Mental Health. (No longer available online.) Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, archived from the original on May 11, 2008 ; Retrieved March 12, 2008 . 
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Ruthe Winegarten: Governor Ann Richards & Other Texas Women , p. 109
14. ↑ ^{a b} A Grande Dame Comes Here From Texas to Promote Culture . In: The New York Times , March 4, 1964, p. 32. 
15. ↑ ^{a b} Chronology of Events in MFAH History. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Houston Museum of Fine Arts, archived from the original on August 16, 2010 ; Retrieved March 13, 2008 . 
16. ^ President Names 13 To Arts Committee . In: The New York Times , September 25, 1960, p. 71. 
17. ^ First Lady Names A Fine Arts Group . In: The New York Times , April 18, 1961, p. 42. 
18. ↑ Aline B Louchheim: Art in Our Great Southwest . In: The New York Times , December 13, 1953, p. 14. 
19. ^ Warren in The Grandeur of Viceregal Mexico , pp. 69-75
20. ↑ Bayou Bend: A Unique Collection of American. (No longer available online.) Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, formerly the original ; Retrieved March 12, 2008 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
21. ^ Dwight Burlingame: Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia , p. 244
22. ↑ ^{a b} Louise Kosches Iscoe: Ima Hogg, First Lady of Texas , p. 17
23. ↑ The Life of Ima Hogg: The Philanthropist. University of Houston, College of Education, accessed March 17, 2008 . 
24. ↑ James Cramer: Almanac of Architecture & Design: 2005 , p. 454
25. ↑ The Santa Rita Award ( Memento of the original from May 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
26. ^ The Winedale Story. (No longer available online.) Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin, archived from the original May 18, 2008 ; Retrieved March 17, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
27. ↑ Distinguished Alumnus Award. (No longer available online.) Texas Exes, 2007, archived from the original on February 10, 2008 ; Retrieved March 22, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.