Jewish cemetery (Schweinfurt)

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Jewish cemetery Schweinfurt (2013)

The Jewish cemetery Schweinfurt is a cemetery in Schweinfurt that the Jewish community of Schweinfurt opened in 1874. The Jewish cemetery is a protected monument within the older part of the Schweinfurt main cemetery, in the northern part of the city . The last previous burial took place in 1990. The city's first Israelite cemetery, the medieval Jewish community, was located elsewhere, in what is now the city center.

location

The Jewish cemetery is part of the Schweinfurt main cemetery in the northern part of the city, right on the edge of the garden city . The Israelite cemetery department (department 10) is located in the southwest corner of the main cemetery, on the corner of Friedhofstrasse and Auenstrasse. The Jewish cemetery does not have its own entrance, but is close to the main entrance to the cemetery (corner of Friedhofstrasse / Neutorstrasse).

history

Medieval cemetery

As early as the Middle Ages there was a Jewish cemetery to the west of the city gates at that time, where the burials of Jews from abroad also took place. "The" Judengärtlein / Judenkirchhof "is located in a little garden on the city wall between the Spital and Obertor gates, not far from the brewery .

A tombstone ( Mazewa ) of this cemetery dated March 31, 1446 was discovered in 1897. This date coincided with the expansion of the city between 1437 and 1502. Before that, the Jägersbrunnen and cemetery were outside and after the expansion inside the walls of today's old town . Hardly any traces of the medieval cemetery have been preserved.

In 1897 human remains were discovered in the former medieval cemetery. They were buried in the Israelite cemetery in Euerbach, with the inscription:

The remains of bones are buried here, which were found in the year 5657 (according to Jewish census) in the community of Schweinfurt, when the cemetery was uncovered,
which was there when the sons of Israel lived there until the time when they came from there as found in the books of the Chronicle

Today's cemetery

Gravestones in the Jewish cemetery

Before the construction of today's Jewish cemetery in Schweinfurt, the deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery Euerbach , the Jewish cemetery Gerolzhofen and the Jewish cemetery Schwanfeld . In 1863 the new Jewish community in Schweinfurt was founded in Siebensbrückleinsgasse. In 1874 the new cemetery of the city of Schweinfurt, today's main cemetery, was created. On November 18 of the same year, the Jewish cemetery located within this large, new cemetery area was inaugurated. That day the first burial took place in the Jewish cemetery with a child named Max Salomon. This was preceded by eight years of combined efforts by the rabbinate and the board of directors, in order to finally purchase the Israelite cemetery department within the general cemetery from the local municipality in 1878. Initially for 90 years of use. The Jewish community in Schweinfurt provided the necessary funds.

The Jewish mortuary was inaugurated in 1891. It was canceled in the early post-war period. The last two burials to date were that of Bärbel Blüthe on September 8, 1968 and the last of Edith Holzapfel, died on June 2, 1990.

description

The Israelite cemetery department (department 10) is 0.145 hectares in size and is located in the old area of ​​the main cemetery, a park-like area with a large tree population, which as a whole is a protected monument. The Jewish cemetery is located on its own property, which was purchased (see: History, Today's Cemetery) and is located in the shape of an island within the large urban property. This property is surrounded by hedges on three sides, is somewhat hidden and is therefore more difficult to find. This is also one reason that the existence of the Jewish cemetery is largely unknown among locals, including cemetery visitors.

The Jewish cemetery has 216 gravestones. In addition to these, there are also some children's graves and three soldiers' graves from the First World War . The many large tombstones from family graves are striking in the cemetery.

An indication of the adaptation to Christian burial customs is the multiple occupancy of grave sites since 1945, which contradicts Jewish customs.

Since 1991 a memorial with the following text has been commemorating the Jewish victims of National Socialism:

Shalom - peace

In the years from 1933 to 1945, a lot of suffering and calamity was inflicted on the Jewish people in Schweinfurt as well.
Many died in concentration camps as victims of Nazi rule.
We will keep an honorable memory of them.

Schweinfurt, July 21, 1991 Shalom - Peace

guides

As part of public city tours, guided tours in the footsteps of the Jewish history of Schweinfurt also take place through the Israelite cemetery.

literature

  • Lothar Mayer: Jewish cemeteries in Lower Franconia . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2010, pp. 168-171, ISBN 978-3-86568-071-6

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof (Schweinfurt)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Christian communities in Schweinfurt: Chronology of the Jews in Schweinfurt. Retrieved December 18, 2018 .
  2. Evangelical Lutheran Deanery Schweinfurt: The First Jewish Era: Middle Ages: 1200 - 1555. Retrieved December 18, 2018 .
  3. ^ Paul Ultsch: Back then in Schweinfurt . Book and idea publishing company, Schweinfurt, ISBN 3-9800480-1-2 , p. 10 ff.
  4. ^ BayernAtlas: Urkataster (1808–1864) Schweinfurt area, western old town. Retrieved March 21, 2018 .
  5. ^ A b c d Working group Alemannia Judaica: Jewish cemetery in Schweinfurt. Retrieved March 21, 2018 .
  6. Evangelical Lutheran Deanery Schweinfurt: The Second Jewish Era: Modern Times: 1813-1942. Retrieved December 17, 2018 .
  7. ^ Peter Hofmann: Schweinfurt Guide / History of Jewish Life in Schweinfurt. Retrieved December 18, 2018 .
  8. BayernAtlas: Cadastral plan for the Schweinfurt main cemetery. Retrieved March 21, 2018 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 ′ 5.5 ″  N , 10 ° 13 ′ 30.7 ″  E