Jewish cemetery (Kleinbardorf)

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Kleinbardorf Jewish cemetery

The Jewish cemetery in Kleinbardorf , a district of the Sulzfeld community in Grabfeld in the Lower Franconian district of Rhön-Grabfeld , was established in 1574.

Position and extent

Aerial view of the cemetery

The Jewish cemetery in Kleinbardorf was established in 1574 on what was then known as the “Steilen Berg” or “Wartberg” southeast of Kleinbardorf . The Wartberg is now known in the area as the "Judenhügel".

The cemetery has an area of ​​21,050 square meters . In 1987 about 4,400  mazewot (gravestones) were counted, in 1933 there were still 20,000 graves. The cemetery is the second largest Jewish cemetery in Bavaria after the Jewish cemetery in Munich .

The cemetery is located within an early medieval ring wall about 1.5 kilometers long.

history

Tahara house
Stone vanity in the Tahara house

In the family chronicle of the Barons von Bibra it is recorded for 1574 that Georg Christof von Bibra allowed the local Jewish families to use the area as a cemetery for an annual interest . In addition, a fee had to be paid for each funeral .

In 1769 the Jewish community of Kleinbardorf acquired the cemetery and expanded it. By purchasing another property in 1843, it reached its present size. In 1938, Jakob Fleischhacker was the last to be buried as a Jew .

The cemetery was desecrated in 1925, several times during the National Socialist era , in 1957 and 1977. Numerous stones were smashed or overturned. The cemetery has been renovated again and again. Today, the citizen, who also renovated the Tahara house, takes care of the entire complex on a voluntary basis , which is very well preserved as a result. In 1988 the citizen was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit for his services to the cemetery .

In addition to the Jews in Kleinbardorf, the cemetery also served as a district cemetery for 27 other neighboring Jewish communities, including Bastheim , Eichenhausen , the Gleicherwiesen , about 30 kilometers away , Höchheim , Kleineibstadt , Bad Königshofen , Oberwaldbehrungen , Poppenlauer , Rödelmaier , Trappstadt , Unsleben , Maßbach and Oberlauringen . The list of graves from 1759 to 1938 and records of burials between 1800 and 1938 have been preserved.

Tahara house

particularities

Cenotaph for the Jewish Fallen

Women's graves

To the right of the southwest entrance is an area with graves of women who died during or as a result of childbirth .

cenotaph

In the cemetery there is a war memorial for the Jewish soldiers who died in the First World War .

Celtic way

The approximately 200 kilometer long Keltenweg leads through the cemetery.

Ring wall

Ring wall on the outside of the cemetery

The cemetery lies within an approximately 1.5 kilometer long ring wall and is bounded by it in the southwest. The ring wall was never systematically excavated on a large scale . Smaller excavations, comparisons with similar fortifications and reading finds show, however, that it is most likely of Ottonian- Carolingian origin and was built in the 9th century AD. In most places it is provided with a pre-moat and partly with a rampart. The remains that are still preserved today are up to ten meters high on the outside and around five meters on the inside. The trench is still up to two meters deep. It is not known whether the ring wall was used to control the long-distance trade route Würzburg - Erfurt and / or was a defensive installation during the Hungarian invasions .

Jewish population

Jewish population in the Altlandkreis Königshofen (source: sign from Haßberge Nature Park)
1810 1813 1830 1839 1848 1871 1880 1890 1900 1910 1925 1933 1935 1937 1939 1940
Aub 1
Aubstadt 4th
Obereßfeld 1
Rothausen 4th
Hall on the Saale 1 1
Hoechheim 100 120 99 111 124 99 82 78 55 47 25th 26th 26th
Kleinbardorf 85 76 77 83 87 75 60 58 54 35 11 11 8th
Kleineibstadt 75 104 97 101 93 100 114 105 72 50 26th 7th 12
Koenigshofen 22nd 24 21st 25th 38 64 68 81 89 101 108 94 81
Sulzdorf an der Lederhecke 147 151 134 121 103 67 53 38 32 12
Trappstadt 22nd 53 70 69 60 56 56 60 38 26th 15th 10 9
Waltershausen 38 34 39 54 46 14th 8th 3
total 467 562 537 564 551 475 441 429 340 272 190 148 136 112 76 44

literature

  • Reinhold Albert: History of the Jews in the grave field. (= Series of publications by the Association for Local History in Grabfeld eV, Volume 2). 2nd Edition. Kleineibstadt 1996.
  • Reinhold Albert: Jewish cemeteries in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld. (= Series of publications by the culture agency of the Rhön-Grabfeld district, volume 1). Bad Neustadt an der Saale 2015, ISBN 978-3-942112-17-8 .
  • Israel Schwierz: Stone evidence of Jewish life in Bavaria. A documentation of the Bavarian State Center for Political Education. A 85, 1988, pp. 75-76.
  • Baruch Z. Ophir, Falk Wiesemann: The Jewish communities in Bavaria 1918-1945. History and destruction. 1979, pp. 336-337.

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof (Kleinbardorf)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Information board at the Kleinbardorf Jewish cemetery
  2. ↑ a b c House of Bavarian History
  3. ↑ a b Stefan Gerlach: Ancient traces in Rhön-Grabfeld. In: Series of publications by the Association for Local History in Grabfeld e. V.
  4. ↑ a b c www.synagogenprojekt.de
  5. ↑ a b www.alemannia-judaica.de
  6. ^ A b International Jewish Cemetery Project

Coordinates: 50 ° 16 ′ 21 ″  N , 10 ° 24 ′ 42 ″  E