Janusz Korwin-Mikke

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Janusz Korwin-Mikke (2016)
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Korwin-Mikke with followers (2014)

Janusz Ryszard Korwin-Mikke (born October 27, 1942 in Warsaw ) is a Polish politician and publicist. He is chairman of the KORWiN party , honorary member of the Novej Prawicy congress and was a member of the European Parliament from July 2014 to March 2018 , and is a member of the Sejm .

Life

Janusz Ryszard Korwin-Mikke was born in Warsaw on October 27, 1942. He was the only child of Ryszard Mikke and Maria Rosochacki. Janusz Korwin-Mikke's great-grandfather was Gustav Izydor Mikke alias Mücke, son of Samuel Beniamin Mücke (brewer in Kielce ) and grandson of Samuel Mücke.

Korwin-Mikke studied mathematics , law , sociology , psychology and philosophy at the University of Warsaw . During the communist regime he was one of the founders of the anti-communist opposition and was imprisoned in 1968 for anti-communist activities. Later he was a member of the bourgeois middle class block party Stronnictwo Demokratieyczne ( Democratic Party , SD for short). He then founded the then illegal movement for Realpolitik in 1987, which was converted into a political party after the system change in 1989 as Unia Polityki Realnej ( Union of Realpolitik , UPR for short).

In 2005 he left the UPR and founded a new party under the name Wolność i Praworządność ( Freedom and the Rule of Law , WiP for short). In the run-up to the Polish parliamentary elections , however, both parties merged in 2011 to form the Kongres Nowej Prawicy ( Congress of the New Right , KNP for short), whose chairman was Korwin-Mikke. In the 2014 European elections , he also succeeded in entering the European Parliament alongside three other candidates from the KNP . While these joined the parliamentary groups ENF and EFDD , Korwin-Mikke remained non-attached.

In the local elections held on November 16, 2014 , the KNP did not win a single mandate with an average of 3.89%. As a consequence, Korwin-Mikke resigned from the chairmanship of the party and on January 22, 2015 founded a new political group called Koalicja Odnowy Rzeczypospolitej Wolność i Nadzieja ( Coalition for the Renewal of the Republic of Freedom and Hope ), or KORWiN for short. For this he finally stood in the presidential election in Poland in 2015 and was registered as the first candidate for the state election commission on March 9, 2015. According to their own statements, over 200,000 supporter signatures were collected. In the first ballot on May 10, 2015, he reached fourth place with 3.26% of the vote and was therefore eliminated from the second ballot. In the parliamentary elections in 2019 Korvin-Mikke's party "Konfederacja" won seven percent and he entered the Sejm.

In the election as mayor of Warsaw in October 2018, he achieved 1.3% of the vote and thus seventh place.

Korwin-Mikke is married and has eight children from two marriages to Ewa Mieczkowska (1966–73, divorced) and Małgorzata Szmit (since 1993). His private property is estimated at around 10 million złoty (as of July 2014). He draws most of his income from the weekly magazine Najwyższy Czas! ( High time! ).

Political positions

Korwin-Mikke during a debate in Sanok (2013)

Korwin-Mikke represents libertarian , more precisely right-wing libertarian or libertarian-conservative positions and is a supporter of a free market economy without state intervention, as represented by Milton Friedman . The only legitimate tasks of the state are to protect citizens from physical attack, theft and fraud ( minarchism ). Only for these purposes should armed forces, police and administration be maintained and a low tax rate should be levied. All other state activities - such as welfare state institutions and redistribution - are an abuse of the state monopoly on the use of force and all taxes that go beyond an absolutely necessary minimum are theft. Korwin-Mikke advocates the legalization of all drugs and child pornography if it is generated digitally without the abuse of children. On the other hand, he represents socio-politically conservative positions, rejects abortion , euthanasia , registered partnerships and gender equality .

He is also a supporter of the monarchy. He rejects democracy as "the stupidest form of government that has ever been conceived", because in it "two bums in a beer booth have two votes, a university professor one". This inevitably leads to “stupidity, theft and corruption”. His thinking is shaped by social Darwinism . He is an opponent of the European Union and in the 1990s called for Poland to join the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). More recently, he has advocated rapprochement with Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Putin . He has repeatedly attracted attention outside Poland when he called for the reintroduction of the death penalty for serious offenses and corporal punishment for lesser offenses.

When Korwin-Mikke was asked in a television interview in 2014 about his attitude to rape in marriage , he said that women basically only pretend to resist. The man must therefore know himself when sexual intercourse is appropriate. This statement led the Polish public prosecutor to investigate him. He also said that women are on average four to six IQ points (different from country to country) less intelligent than men. He rejects the active right to vote for women because women are not interested in politics anyway. On the other hand, he declared his admiration for Margaret Thatcher , who was a "strong and determined leader".

Korwin-Mikke claims that the extermination of European Jews was not Hitler's goal and that there was no evidence that Hitler knew about the Holocaust . It is "very likely" that Heinrich Himmler organized the extermination of the Jews without Hitler's knowledge. The endeavors of Jewish activists to have property stolen during the war restituted often represented a “Holocaust industry”. Jews were “so proud of the six million murdered in the Holocaust”. Had Adolf Eichmann not sent the Hungarian Jews to the extermination camp, he could have been accused of anti-Semitism, because then the number of those murdered would have been lower. It is claimed that the number of victims is four times as high as it really was.

He regards Jewish socialists, whom he calls "Judeosoc", as the most dangerous group of socialists because they are so intelligent. He calls them "our worst enemies". He cites Adam Michnik as an example . The television station TVN and the newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza are their "breeding grounds". He repeatedly referred to "Jewish Freemasonry" and " Jewish Communism " as his main political enemies. In terms of taxation, Hitler's regime was less oppressive than the present day democratic system.

Korwin-Mikke sees the People's Republic of China as a model of how capitalism can thrive in an authoritarian system. Since it is not democratic, it can be governed more effectively. While Poland was ruled by “communists” and Europe went bankrupt, Chinese capitalism was predatory and healthy, which would lead to prosperity and an improved standard of living for its citizens. Korwin-Mikke justifies violence against citizens if it brings economic benefits. In retrospect , he assesses the result of the Tian'anmen massacre positively, as China moved away from democracy and socialism and thus enabled sensible political and economic reforms.

He also advocates improved bilateral relations between Poland and Russia - whose government he praises - to the benefit of both parties. He justifies the Russian intervention in the Crimean crisis and in the war in eastern Ukraine . In his view, it is not Russia that is responsible for the escalation, but rather the neo-imperialist efforts of the USA. He accuses them of deliberately provoking a war - even a third world war - in order to reduce their over-indebtedness and avert bankruptcy. He declared his support for Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian Civil War and for Donald Trump in the 2016 US election campaign. Poland should take a neutral position in the east-west conflict between NATO and a Russian-led bloc, which, according to Korwin-Mikke, will expand and worsen.

Controversy

Because of his public appearance, Korwin-Mikke is perceived as an eccentric . Several German-speaking media refer to him as a "political clown" or " enfant terrible of Polish politics". Korwin-Mikke openly represents homophobic , anti-Semitic and misogynist positions.

During a reception for members of the European Parliament in the guest house of the Polish Foreign Ministry on July 11, 2014, Korwin-Mikke slapped MEP Michał Boni from the Civic Platform (PO). Korwin-Mikke had previously announced this publicly because Boni had not apologized to him for calling him an "idiot and a fool" 22 years earlier when Korwin-Mikke suspected him of being an informant for the Polish State Security Service , in 2007, however, I had to admit that the suspicion was correct. At the request of Poland's Korwin-Mikkes immunity , the European Parliament lifted Korwin-Mikkes immunity there in May 2015 in order to enable criminal proceedings in this matter.

In September 2014, the President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz decided to withhold Korwin-Mikke's daily allowance for 10 days because of “racist statements” . In a speech in English he compared the EU labor market policy with that of the US President John F. Kennedy , which would have caused four million “ niggers ” to lose their jobs. Now 20 million Europeans are the "negroes of Europe" . Young Europeans would be treated like “negroes” .

During a minute's silence in the EU Parliament due to the attack on Charlie Hebdo , he showed writing on his laptop that read I am not Charlie Hebdo. I am for death penalty .

Korwin-Mikke was barred from parliamentary work for ten days by the European Parliament on October 26, 2015 and fined EUR 3,060 because he was on the one hand during the plenary session in the European Parliament on July 7, 2015 to introduce a Europe-wide uniform ticket for public transport had raised his right arm in the Hitler salute during his speaking time and shouted the words “Ein Reich, ein Volk, ein Ticket!” in order to protest against the standardization in the European Union, and on the other hand in the plenary session on 8. September 2015 called the immigrants of the refugee crisis who do not want to work as "śmieć ludzki" (German for "human waste"). A system will be created in which people who are willing to work and who are valuable are sent away and those who do not want to work are accepted. Korwin-Mikke said the incentive system that social benefits represented had to be abolished.

On June 7, 2016, he quoted an alleged diplomat who had spoken of "African dung" that was being poured out over Europe. He also said: “I am in favor of us stopping social benefits. When they are hungry, they will work. We will force them to work. ”This resulted in a fine and a five-day ban on speaking in Parliament.

After Korvin-Mikke declared in a speech to parliament on March 1, 2017 that women had to be paid less than men because they were weaker, smaller and less intelligent , and that the reason given was that the highest placed woman in the Polish theoretical Physics Olympiad was in 800th place and there was n't a single woman among the 100 best chess players ( Judit Polgár from Hungary was 49th place at the time of his testimony as the best player), the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani suspended him for 10 days because of misogynist statements. His daily allowance was also collected for 30 days.

Following his controversial speech, he described the equal intelligence of men and women to the Polish sociologist and politician Joanna Scheuring-Wielgus as “stereotypes of the 20th century” and pointed out that allegedly no human invention came from a woman. When asked about Nobel Prize winner Marie Curie , he claimed that her discoveries were all made by her husband, Pierre Curie . Finally, he named the mop , tampons and feminism as other examples of inventions by men.

He successfully sued the General Court of the European Union , so that the fines for the statements of June 7, 2016 and March 1, 2017 must be refunded to him. According to Parliament's Rules of Procedure, they are only to be imposed if Parliament's work is disrupted. However, he does not receive any compensation. According to the court, he did not incite violence or racial hatred, even if the statements were particularly shocking.

Popular culture effect

Regardless of his party affiliation, he is also a member of the Conservative-Monarchist Club .

Bridge player

Korwin-Mikke is considered a passionate bridge player . Together with Andrzej Macieszczak, who became world champion in bridge in 1978, he is the author of the card game column Pewnego razu ... ( Once upon a time ... ).

Books on Bridge (selection)

TV appearances and music

Janusz Korwin-Mikke has acted in several films and in a television series.

  • 1993: Kraj Świata , Tylko strach , Co się stało?
  • 1994: Nocna zmiana , Jest jak jest
  • 2001: Wtorek

He also wrote a song with Krzysztof Skiba in 1998 entitled Stop podatki! ( Stop steering ).

Presidential election results

Since 1995 Korwin-Mikke has run in every presidential election in Poland. He achieved the best result in 2015 in fourth place. In detail:

year Number of votes Election result Ranking list
1995 428,969 2.40% 8/13
2000 252,499 1.43% 6/12
2005 214.116 1.43% 6/12
2010 416,898 2.48% 4/10
2015 486.084 3.26% 4/10

Works (selection)

Secondary literature

  • Szymon Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. The Foreign Policy of Janusz Korwin-Mikke's New Right in Poland. In: The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs , 2015, No. 2, pp. 135–144.

Web links

Commons : Janusz Korwin-Mikke  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Naszym wrogiem jest Law & Justice, jestem członkiem honorowym KNP! - Janusz Korwin-Mikke, unioposeł KNP. In: youtube.com. January 21, 2015, accessed June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  2. ↑ Janusz Korwin-Mikke opuszcza Euro parliament. Ale to nie koniec jego kariery politycznej . In: gazetapl . ( Online [accessed February 8, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Alan Jakman: Genealogia Janusz Korwin-Mikkego [i skany wywód przodków]. In: More Maiorum. October 22, 2015, accessed on February 11, 2020 (pl-PL).
  4. ↑ An eccentric causes a sensation. ( PDF ) In: Poland-Analyzes No. 148, German Poland Institute , Research Center for Eastern Europe , German Society for Eastern European Studies , July 1, 2014, p. 5 , accessed on February 5, 2015 .
  5. ^ Andrzej Chwalba: Brief history of the Third Republic of Poland 1989 to 2005. Otto Harrassowitz publishing house, Wiesbaden 2010, p. 47.
  6. ^ Website of the Polish Electoral Commission, Komitet Wyborczy Nowa Prawica - Janusza Korwin-Mikke , accessed on May 27, 2014
  7. ↑ ewybory.eu ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ewybory.eu
  8. ↑ KORWiN. Nowa partia Korwin-Mikkego. In: tvn24.pl. January 22, 2015, accessed June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  9. ^ Maverick MEP Korwin-Mikke launches new party. In: TheNews.pl. 23rd January 2015.
  10. ↑ 15 pudeł z poparciem. Korwin-Mikke jako pierwszy zebrał wymagane podpisy. In: tvp.info. March 9, 2015, accessed June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  11. ^ Adam Soboczynski : Elections in Poland: The catastrophe next door. Germany’s neighbor is moving further to the right . In: The time of October 17, 2019.
  12. ^ Result on the website of the Election Commission, accessed on July 22, 2020.
  13. ↑ http://prawo.money.pl/aktualnosci/wiadomosci/artykul/sprawdzilismy;korwin-mikke;ma;majatek;warty;okolo;10;milionow,42,0,1581610.html
  14. ↑ Janusz Korwin-Mikke bogaczem wśród polskich europosłów. In: tvp.info. July 15, 2014, accessed June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  15. ↑ Sprawdziliśmy. Korwin-Mikke ma majątek warty około 10 milionów. In: prawo.money.pl. July 15, 2014, accessed June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  16. ↑ Justyna Goliasz: Janusz Korwin-Mikke - a political nerd. In: Poland Today , May 10, 2014.
  17. ↑ Magdalena Mikulak: The Polish Parliamentary Elections 2015: A Gender Analysis . In: Engenderings , London School of Economics and Political Science, November 3, 2015.
  18. ↑ Tom Lansford (Ed.): Political Handbook of the World 2014. CQ Press, Thousand Oaks CA 2014, p. 1157.
  19. ↑ a b Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. 2015, on p. 138.
  20. ^ Warren Whitmore: Leader of Poland's Euro-skeptic party believes: "Women should not have right to vote." In: Szczecinian (sz-n.com) , April 7, 2014.
  21. ↑ Andrew MacDowall: Polish presidential election: legalize child pornography and scrap benefits, promises candidate. In: The Telegraph , May 10, 2015.
  22. ↑ gazetakrakowska.pl
  23. ↑ natemat.pl
  24. ↑ Remi Adekoya, Helena Smith, Lizzy Davies, Anne Penketh, Philip Oltermann: Meet the new faces ready to sweep into the European parliament. In: The Guardian (Online), May 26, 2014.
  25. ^ Janusz Korwin-Mikke w Białymstoku: Dwaj menele mogą więcej niż profesor. In: Wspolczesna.pl , accessed on November 10, 2015.
  26. ↑ a b Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. 2015, on p. 135.
  27. ^ Adam Krzemiński: America and Poland. On the Polish-American relationship today. In: America and Europe, Mars and Venus? The image of America in Europe. Wallstein, 2004, p. 165.
  28. ↑ a b Gerhard Gnauck: With the Polish Baltic Sea fishermen to catch votes . In: The world. August 29, 2000.
  29. ↑ reuters.com Poland investigates Eurosceptic MEP over 'What is rape?' comment. Reuters, May 28, 2014.
  30. ^ Korwin-Mikke: kobiety są średnio mniej inteligentne od mężczyzn. Interview on Polish radio, polskieradio.pl, May 20, 2014.
  31. ↑ KORWIN-MIKKE: "Żadna z moich dziewczyn nie widziała, że ​​używam prezerwatywy" Janusz Korwin-Mikke - O kobietach, seksie i wychowaniu seksualnym. Retrieved January 2, 2017 .
  32. ↑ Polish MEPs trigger a scandal with a Hitler salute. In: Die Welt (Online), July 8, 2015.
  33. ↑ Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. 2015, on p. 140.
  34. ^ Polish politician says Hitler unaware of extermination of Jews in Shoah. JTA Jewish Telegraphic Agency, July 3, 2013.
  35. ↑ Korwin-Mikke: mordowanie milionów ludzi never było celem Hitlera. Onet Wiadomości, July 1, 2013.
  36. ↑ Nissan Tzur: Ukip's far-right Euro partner attacks 'Holocaust industry'. In: The Jewish Chronicle Online , October 21, 2014.
  37. ↑ Michal Bilewicz, Grzegorz Sedek: Conspiracy Stereotypes. Their sociopsychological antecedents and consequences. In: The Psychology of Conspiracy. Routledge, Hove (East Sussex) / New York 2015, pp. 3–22, on p. 3.
  38. ^ Michał Krzymowski: W "Newsweeku" - Korwin-Mikke: Żydowscy socjaliści to nasz wróg. In: Newsweek.pl , June 2, 2014.
  39. ↑ Rafal Pankowski, Marcin Kornak: Poland. In: Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge, London / New York 2005, pp. 145–170, at p. 151.
  40. ↑ Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. 2015, on pp. 140–141.
  41. ↑ Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. 2015, on pp. 141–142.
  42. ^ Korwin-Mikke: Clinton to trzecia wojna światowa. Dla Polski Trump to lepszy wybór | Televitsja Republika . Televitsjarepublika.pl. July 21, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  43. ↑ Bachrynowski: Between Europe and Russia. 2015, on p. 144.
  44. ↑ Gabriele Lesser: The "Jedwabne Discussion" in anti-Semitic and right-wing extremist media. In: Transodra. No. 23, December 2001.
  45. ^ Kai-Olaf Lang: Presidential elections in Poland. Part I: The candidates. In: Current Analyzes. No. 35/2000, p. 2.
  46. ^ Rescue operation for the Polish second-hand clothes shops. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. June 2, 2002.
    The world. quoted in Monarchy and Libertarianism (PDF; 431 kB) In: Corona - News for Monarchists. Volume 4, No. 9, June 27, 2010, p. 1.
  47. ^ Richard Stöss: The right margin in the 2014 European elections . Ed .: Workbooks from the Otto Stammer Center. No. 22 . Berlin September 2014, p. 16 .
  48. ^ Polish far-right MEP blasted for use of 'racist' language. In: The Parliament Magazine. Retrieved November 9, 2015 .
  49. ^ Joanna Chojnicka: Homophobic speech in post-socialist media . Ed .: Journal of Language & Sexuality. tape 4 , no. 1 , 2015, p. 138 ff .
  50. ↑ Polish MEP insists 'women must earn less' in sexist tirade. March 2, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017 .
  51. ^ Tension over gay rights moves to fore in Polish election - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper. October 10, 2019, accessed October 10, 2019 .
  52. ↑ Michał Boni pozwie Janusz Korwin-Mikkego. In: wiadomosci.onet.pl. August 4, 2014, accessed October 11, 2015 (Polish).
  53. ↑ Michał Boni spoliczkowany. Korwin-Mikke: trzeba było mu napluć w twarz. In: wiadomosci.onet.pl. June 12, 2014, Retrieved June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  54. ↑ Bonuses: podpisałem deklarację o współpracy z SB. In: tvn24.pl. October 31, 2007, accessed June 5, 2015 (Polish).
  55. ^ Immunity of right-wing EU parliamentarians lifted. In: derStandard.at , May 20, 2015.
  56. ↑ Schulz's decision on the inappropriate language used by MEP Janusz Korwin-Mikke ( memento of the original from November 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , European Parliament, 17th September 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.europarl.europa.eu
  57. ^ Matthew Day: Polish MEP says 'n -----' in EU parliament. In: The Telegraph , July 17, 2014.
  58. ↑ Women are 'weaker, less intelligent and should be paid less'. In: The Citizen. March 14, 2017, accessed March 29, 2017 .
  59. ↑ After the Hitler salute: European Parliament punishes right-wing MPs . In: Spiegel Online . October 27, 2015 ( online [accessed November 1, 2015]).
  60. ↑ Minutes - Monday, October 26, 2015. In: www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved November 7, 2015 .
  61. ↑ Różnorodność czy ujednolicenie? - Janusz Korwin-Mikke na sesji plenarnej 07/07/2015. Retrieved October 3, 2015 .
  62. ↑ Polish MP triggers a scandal in the EU Parliament with a Hitler salute. Retrieved October 5, 2015 .
  63. ↑ Ostre przemówienie Korwin-Mikkego w PE: "Imigranci to zalew Europy śmieciem ludzkim never który chce pracować!" Na sali oburzenie ... In: wpolityce.pl. September 8, 2015, accessed November 11, 2015 (Polish).
  64. ↑ Model Turkey? European Parliament discusses a billion-dollar master plan for the refugee crisis. In: focus.de. June 7, 2016, accessed May 31, 2018 .
  65. ↑ PE: Korwin-Mikke ukarany za wypowiedź o zalewającym Europę "afrykańskim szambie". In: onet.pl. July 7, 2016, accessed May 31, 2018 (Polish).
  66. ↑ Janusz Korwin-Mikke ukarany za słowa o kobietach. Straci kilkadziesiąt tysięcy złotych. In: tvn24.pl. March 14, 2017, accessed May 31, 2018 (Polish).
  67. ↑ EU politicians: Women earn less because they are smaller and more stupid . In: stern.de . March 2, 2017 ( online [accessed March 3, 2017]).
  68. ^ Antonio Tajani investigates far-right Polish MEP for sexist remarks . In: POLITICO . March 2, 2017 ( online [accessed March 3, 2017]).
  69. ↑ "Women are more stupid than men": MEPs reaped a shit storm after misogynist comments
  70. ↑ Jennifer Rankin: Polish MEP punished for saying women are less intelligent than men . In: The Guardian . March 14, 2017, ISSN  0261-3077 ( online [accessed March 16, 2017]).
  71. ↑ Misogynistic MEP who launched sexist tirade in EU debate slapped down by female lawmaker. In: Express. March 3, 2017, accessed March 29, 2017 .
  72. ↑ No punishment for expressions hostile to women in the EU Parliament. In: handelsblatt.com. May 31, 2018, accessed May 31, 2018 .
  73. ↑ Unijny sąd: Korwin-Mikke niesłusznie ukarany za wypowiedzi o migracji i kobietach. In: wyborcza.pl. May 31, 2018, accessed May 31, 2018 (Polish).
  74. ↑ a b korwin-mikke.pl
  75. ↑ archiwum.wyborcza.pl
  76. ↑ filmweb.pl
  77. ↑ discogs.com
  78. ↑ Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dnia 7 listopada 1995 r. o wynikach głosowania i wyniku wyborów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, zarządzonych na dzień 5 listopada 1995 r. In: Dziennik Ustaw, sejm.gov.pl. November 7, 1995, accessed January 8, 2013 (Polish).
  79. ↑ Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dnia 9 października 2000 r. o wynikach głosowania i wyniku wyborów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, zarządzonych na dzień 8 października 2000 r. In: Dziennik Ustaw, sejm.gov.pl. October 9, 2000, accessed January 8, 2013 (Polish).
  80. ↑ Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dnia 10 października 2005 r. o wynikach głosowania i wyniku wyborów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, zarządzonych na dzień 9 października 2005 r. In: Dziennik Ustaw, sejm.gov.pl. October 10, 2005, accessed January 8, 2013 (Polish).
  81. ↑ Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dnia 21 czerwca 2010 r. o wynikach głosowania i wyniku wyborów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, zarządzonych na dzień 20 czerwca 2010 r. (PDF; 111 kB) In: pkw.gov.pl. June 21, 2010, accessed January 8, 2013 (Polish).
  82. ↑ Official result of the 2015 presidential election State Election Commission (Polish)
personal data
SURNAME Korwin-Mikke, Janusz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Korwin-Mikke, Janusz Ryszard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish politician, member of the Sejm, MEP
DATE OF BIRTH October 27, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw