Johann Nepomuk Czermak

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Johann Nepomuk Czermak.

Johann Nepomuk Czermak (born June 17, 1828 in Prague , † September 16, 1873 in Leipzig ) was an Austrian physiologist and the founder of laryngoscopy .

Life and career

Grave slab Johann Nepomuk Czermak, Lapidarium Alter Johannisfriedhof in Leipzig. His grave was in the New Johannisfriedhof .

Johann Nepomuk Czermak was the son of the doctor Johann Conrad Czermak (1797–1843) from the Czermak family . He studied medicine in 1845/1846 at the University of Vienna, then in 1847 at the Universities of Breslau (with Jan Evangelista Purkyně , with whom he also lived) and since 1849 in Würzburg , where he received his doctorate in medicine and was a private lecturer. During his studies in 1847 he became a member of the old fraternity Arminia Vienna. After an assistantship with Purkyně at the Physiological Institute in Prague, which began in 1850, he became a full professor of physiology at the University of Graz in 1855 , was at the University of Cracow from 1856/1857 and in Pest from 1858 to 1860 . After Hungarian was introduced as the language of instruction, he gave up in 1860 and set up his own private laboratory in Prague with a lecture hall. In 1865 he accepted a professorship at the University of Jena , and in 1869 at the University of Leipzig . There he set up a research and teaching facility in his own garden, the so-called Czermak'sche Spectatorium . With the introduction of the larynx mirror developed by Ludwig Türck and the Spanish opera singer Manuel Patricio Rodríguez García , he became one of the founders of laryngoscopy. At the age of only 45, he succumbed to the consequences of his long-standing diabetes .

Relatives

In 1853 Johann Nepomuk Czermak married Marie von Lämel (1829–1880), a daughter of the important Prague banker Leopold von Lämel , who had converted from Judaism to Christianity; the couple had four children (Heinrich, Ernst Oswald, Sophie Josefine Friederike, Leopold).

Well-known brothers:

  • The psychiatrist Joseph Czermak (born November 25, 1825 in Prague, † July 24, 1872 in Graz), head physician of the insane asylum in Brno since 1853 and promoter of the establishment of a Moravian state insane asylum, today's Psychosomatic Clinic Cernovice, which was opened in Czernowitz in 1863, Brno District, was opened under his leadership. 1870 full professor of psychiatry at the University of Graz and director of the lunatic asylum Feldhof in Styria (today LKH Graz II location south ).
  • The history painter Jaroslaw Czermak (born August 1, 1830 in Prague, † April 23, 1875 in Paris). 1847 student at the art academy in Prague, 1848 study trips to Munich, Düsseldorf, Antwerp and Brussels. After 1852 permanent stay in Paris with multiple trips to Prague, Dalmatia and Montenegro . His pictures show representations from Bohemian and Slavic history, especially the Montenegrins.

Well-known nephew and great-nephew:

  • The ophthalmologist Wilhelm Czermak (born October 12, 1856 in Brno , † September 8, 1906 in Lans / Tyrol) was the son of the psychiatrist Josef Czermak (1826–1872). As a student of medicine in Graz, he became Dr. med. and completed his habilitation in ophthalmology. 1892 professor for ophthalmology at the University of Innsbruck and since 1895 at the German Karl Ferdinand University in Prague as successor to Isidor Schnabel (1842–1908) as head of the eye clinic.
  • The Egyptologist Wilhelm Czermak (born September 10, 1889 in Vienna, † March 13, 1953 in Vienna) was the son of the ophthalmologist of the same name. After military service from 1914 to 1918 during the First World War, most recently as a client officer in Aleppo , 1919 habilitation for Hamitic and African languages. Lecturer, associate professor in 1925 and 1933 o. Professor of Egyptology and African Studies at the University of Vienna , 1952/1953 President of the University.

Medical publications

  • Physiological studies. First division. Contributions to the physiology of the sense of sight. In: Session reports of the mathematical and natural science class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Vol. 12, 1854, ISSN  0375-2488 , pp. 322-366, ( digitized version ).
  • On the theory of the skin's sense of space. In: Investigations on the natural science of humans and animals. Vol. 1, 1857, ISSN  0931-8127 , pp. 183-205, ( digitized version ).
  • Physiological examinations with Garcia's larynx mirror. In: Session reports of the mathematical and natural science class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Vol. 29, 1858, pp. 557-584, ( digitized ).
  • Via the larynx mirror. In: Wiener Medical Wochenschrift . Vol. 8, No. 13, 1858, Col. 196-198, ( digitized version ).
  • The larynx mirror and its use for physiology and medicine. A monograph. Engelmann, Leipzig 1860, ( digitized version ).
  • About the ear and hearing. Lecture given on March 4, 1872 in the amphitheater of the private physiological laboratory. Lüderitz, Berlin 1873, ( digitized version ).
  • Collected Writings. 2 volumes (in 3 volumes). Engelmann, Leipzig, 1879, (digital copies: 1 , 2 , 3 ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Nepomuk Czermak  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Nepomuk Czermak  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst Grimm / Leo Besser-Walzel, Die Corporationen, Frankfurt am Main, 1986.
  2. ^ Prague and Provincial News - Death. In:  Prager Abendblatt. Supplement to the Prager Zeitung / Prager Abendblatt , September 18, 1873, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / pab
  3. ↑ Georg Gaugusch : Who once was. The upper Jewish bourgeoisie in Vienna 1800–1938 . Volume 2: L-R . Amalthea, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-85002-773-1 , p. 1671 and p. 1687.
personal data
SURNAME Czermak, Johann Nepomuk
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian physiologist and founder of laryngoscopy
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1828
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH September 16, 1873
Place of death Leipzig