Johanniter coming Schleusingen

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St. Johanniskirche Schleusingen

The Johanniterkommende Schleusingen was a branch of the Order of St. John in Schleusingen ( Hildburghausen district , Thuringia). It was founded in 1291 and dissolved or withdrawn in 1815/16.

location

The comming building with the economic building was at the St. Johannis Church in the old town of Schleusingen. The last two commanders Nicolaus Bruno von Griset Freiherr von Forell and Philipp Hartmann Reichsfreiherr von Andlau zu Biesek lived on the Lange Bahn estate south of Heinrichs near Suhl. Only ruins remain from this former mountain farm.

history

On March 6, 1291, Count Berthold VII von Henneberg donated with the help of or at the instigation of his brother Berthold VI. of the elder, who at that time was prior of the Order of St. John in the order province of Alemannia , the patronage right and the associated income of the town church of Schleusingen, the so-called St. John's Church, the Order of St. John. This was also linked to income in the villages of Rappelsdorf , Ratscher , Silbach and Eichenberg . The donation was made with the proviso that the divine service in the city church should be carried out by two religious. Around 1308/09 the parish in Schleusingen was incorporated into the order with its income. At this point in time the jurisdiction within the Coming Complex was passed to the order. However, this did not apply to the jurisdiction outside of the monastery. The gift of Count Berthold was on December 18, 1320 by Pope Johannes XXII. approved.

The coming party was not part of the Thuringian Ordensballei, as one might assume based on its location, but rather to the Franconian Ballei; the church in Schleusingen was under the diocese of Würzburg . The Ballei Franconia was counted to the middle (large) Ballei ( Alamania media ) of the order province of Alamania until the 1320s . According to the "target figures for the staff of the German Johanniter from 1367" it now belonged to the Upper Lands; the middle (large) ballei had been dissolved and the upper ballei was added. For Schleusingen, the target figures were five priest brothers and one lay brother. It is not known to what extent these target figures were actually met. At the visitation of 1495 the religious house actually had five priestly brothers left.

In 1299 the commander of Schleusingen Konrad von Arnstein bought a meadow in Belrieth for 16 pounds Haller from Konrad von Belrieth.

14th Century

In 1315 Count Berthold VII had sold the Kühndorf castle and estate to the Order of St. John. The Order of St. John set up the Kommende Kühndorf at Kühndorf Castle . Some authors suspect that Schleusingen was assigned to the Kommende Kühndorf as a membrum . Some commendators are actually named who were commendators in Kühndorf and Schleusingen in personal union. However, there are also mentions of commanders from Schleusingen who were not also commanders from Kühndorf. In 1425 brother Johann Kremer, commander in Schleusingen and at the same time governor of the house in Kühndorf, is explicitly named. Therefore the view that Schleusingen Membrum von Kühndorf was rather incorrect. From 1429/1430 to 1436 the Kommende Kühndorf was sold and Schleusingen was definitely again an independent Kommende. The convent located at Kühndorf Castle was moved to Schleusingen in 1436.

In 1317 there were disputes between the founder, Count Berthold VII. And the Johannitern in Schleusingen. The count had started to build a new church for a canon monastery in Schleusingen. The Johanniter, who probably feared a reduction in their income, resisted. Even Pope John XXII got involved in this matter . someone who even threatened the count with excommunication or excommunication through the dean of the church in Aschaffenburg, should he continue with the construction without papal authority. Count Berthold then stopped construction and had the Canons' Monastery built in Schmalkalden.

In 1318, Berthold von Henneberg, prior of the Order of St. John in Bohemia, Poland, Moravia and Austria, certified that his brother Count Berthold had given the St. Johns at Schleusingen several monetary interest.

In 1326 and 1331 Commendator Berthold von Henneberg, probably the younger (or Berthold XI., Son of Berthold VII.) Took out a loan of 36 pounds Heller and had to pay interest of 2 pounds Heller to Wenigen Eichenberg , Pay five pounds of Heller income in Fischbach and 30 shillings in Gerhardtsgereuth .

In 1338, Count Berthold VII decided the dispute between the Order of St. John, represented by Prior Berthold von Henneberg, his son and the Count of Käfernburg, over the parish of Kirchheim in favor of the Order of St. John.

In 1377, Landgrave Johann I von Leuchtenberg (1334–1407), in his office as guardian of the Hennebergischrn Counts, gave the commander Heinrich von Breßla der Kommende Schleusingen the deserted Wenigeneigenberg (today Neuhof , part of the municipality Veßra ) as a soul device.

1381 received the Kommende Schleusingen from Count Heinrich XI. a property in Hintenau with the emergency prayer and the hostel. Count Heinrich XI. von Henneberg and his wife Mechthild made another donation on September 6, 1385, to the Coming, the lower lake near Fischbach, to the attention of Otto von Hessberg ( Hessebürg ), commander of Kühndorf and Schleusingen.

15th century

In 1401 Friedrich I. von Henneberg decided a dispute between commander Eberhard von Aura zu Schleusingen and Hans von Schweinfurth about Gülten in Werbergehausen.

In 1411 Johann von Tüngen, commander in Schleusingen, gave the Otten Vogt of Salzburg a mill at the court of Mühlbach .

In 1415 the commander received from Karl von der Kehr, Burgmann zu Schleusingen an estate in Sachsendorf for her fight against the infidels.

In 1439, Johann Kremer, commander in Schleusingen, awarded various interests and validities in Birkenfeld and Maßenhausen to Hans Schwaben in Hildburghausen.

In 1444, Count Wilhelm II von Henneberg died young in an accident; he left three sons who were not of age. In his will he also bequeathed his best stallion, the Kommende Schleusingen. Apparently this part of the will was not executed immediately, because in 1452 his three sons handed over to Wilhelm III. , Johann III. and Berthold XIV. instead an annual interest of three guilders from Rappelsdorf to commander Johann Streuben as a replacement.

The Obere Hof ( Oberhof ) at the passport of the old Loibenstrasse (Erfurt-Meiningen-Würzburg road) across the Thuringian Forest also belonged to the Kommende Schleusingen . In 1470 the "Herberge auf dem Walde" was mentioned, at which around 1470 a Johanniter hospice was located. That year the farm and the hospice were sold.

Count Wilhelm II von Henneberg died in 1480 and bequeathed the Kommende Schleusingen 50 guilders for the purchase of books. The legacy was notarized by the administrator (or governor) at the time, Johann Kunkel.

In 1463 the Nuremberg citizen Burkhard Semler (presumably from Schleusingen) bequeathed 1000 Rhenish guilders to the commander Schleusingen, for which the commander and convent in Schleusingen had to hold a perpetual mass in the chapel of the fourteen helpers in need on the market. In 1464 the Schleusingen citizen and widow Elisabeth Pfeilstickerinn bequeathed all of her fortune (not specified) to the commander in Schleusingen. The widow Katharina Volkmarin also bequeathed her fortune, also not mentioned, to the coming, for the sake of the salvation of her deceased husband and her relatives.

In 1488 Johann Wilhelm von Bodman appointed commander in Schleusingen and Kleinerdlingen Johann Rupprecht as administrator of the religious houses Schleusingen, Kühndorf and Kirchheim.

16th Century

In the county of Henneberg , the Reformation was only introduced in 1544 by Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg . His father Wilhelm VI, who had appointed his son co-regent in 1543, remained Catholic until his death in 1559. In 1543, under Count Wilhelm, a settlement was made with the Order of St. John that the remuneration of the evangelical clergy at the town church in Schleusingen was to be made from the income of those coming. The sovereign was entitled to the taxes that had to be paid by the commander. In return, the Order of St. John remained in the possession of the commander and their income (after deducting the expenses for the remuneration of the clergy). The German Grand Prior of the Johanniter should receive 50 guilders response money. William VI. was buried in the Aegidienkapelle at the city church.

Former "Teutsche Schule" (of the Hennebergisches Gymnasium), a Henneberg-Franconian half-timbered house, built in 1681

A secularization of the future, as asserted by various authors, did not take place. In addition to the salary of the clergy at the town church, the commander later also had to raise a share of the maintenance of the gymnasium ( Hennebergisches Gymnasium "Georg Ernst" ) newly founded by Count Georg Ernst in 1577 . The Johanniter also had to accept that the sovereign exerted extensive influence on the internal affairs of their comers. For example, the Grand Prior Georg Bombast von Hohenheim asked Count Georg Ernst to instruct the new commander Gilbrecht von Carben in his upcoming Schleusingen in 1559. The coming Schleusingen belonged to the Schleusingen office , but was able to keep its exemption.

Tomb of Georg Ernst von Henneberg-Schleusingen and his two wives Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Calenberg and Elisabeth von Württemberg in the Aegidienkapelle of the St. Johanniskirche in Schleusingen

With Count Georg Ernst, the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen died out in 1583. Georg Ernst was also buried in the Aegidienkapelle. After the Kahla inheritance contract of 1554, the county of Henneberg came under the joint administration of all Saxon duchies and the Electorate of Saxony,

17th century

The Thirty Years War also devastated the possessions of the coming. In 1632 the Church of Our Lady (and the Ordenshof there?) On the Einfürst south-east of Schleusingen and the Berghof Langebahn (south of Suhl) are said to have been destroyed. The Electorate of Saxony was allied with Sweden at that time. However, the warring factions did not take into account whether it was the territory of the enemy or an ally. The commendator at the time, Albrecht von Müggenthal / Mückenthal zu Hexenagger, therefore asked the Swedish King Gustav Adolf for a letter of protection for the upcoming estates, which he also received. After receiving this letter of protection, the commander also turned to the Saxon Elector Johann Georg I with a request for a letter of protection. However, it is not known whether he received this letter of protection.

At the end of 1632 or beginning of 1633, the Kommende Schleusingen (and other Catholic institutions) was incorporated into the electoral Saxon domain in order to cover the costs and damage caused by the war. After the Peace of Prague between Johann Georg I and Emperor Ferdinand II in 1635 , the Kommende Schleusingen was restituted. The order appointed Jakob Christoph von Andlau as commander. However, the estate was now mainly leased or managed by administrators.

The hitherto almost conflict-free relationship between the coming and the town of Schleusingen has now deteriorated increasingly. In 1636 the bailiff Johann Nicolaus illegally broke into the commander's building and had the administrator at that time removed by a farm and town servant. The reasons for this attack are not known. In 1637 a regiment of soldiers moved through the city, which the city of Schleusingen, perhaps under pressure from the regiment, billeted in the order's courtyard. Although the administrator of the order's court protested against the billeting, he had to give in. The soldiers wreaked havoc in the order's court and its property. At the end of 1637 he charged the city of Schleusingen for the damage that had been done. Of course, this caused considerable annoyance on the part of the Schleusingen City Council, who thereupon raised the mood among the citizens against the coming and its administrators. In the spring of 1638, the city council forbade the order from grazing for its sheep or its use was made impossible by the citizens. Angry citizens invaded the order's court and even stole a cow. The administrator complained to the responsible bailiff and demanded compensation or the surrender of the stolen cow. Apparently these demands of the administrator provoked the city council so much that they set the contribution of the comedian to the city's billing costs at first 10 guilders, later even at 20 guilders. The administrator complained about these disproportionately high contributions, but had to give in. He also complained to the regimental commander responsible, without success. Soon the cash on hand was used up and the manager feared that the yard's inventory would be confiscated. So he sold some inventory beforehand, but that didn't help. The soldiers fetched the last calf for him from the stable. The administrator also turned to the Bishop of Würzburg for help. An answer is not known. The sources are also silent about the further fate of those to come in the last years of the Thirty Years' War and in the decades thereafter. The coming one was obviously leased or was managed by an administrator. The commendators' visits must have been rare; in any case, they did not live in Schleusingen for a long time.

With the Weimar farewell in 1660, the joint administration of the County of Henneberg was abolished and the former County of Henneberg was split up. The offices of Kühndorf and Schleusingen came under the sovereignty of the Electorate of Saxony. After the inheritance divisions of 1657 and 1660 and 1663, the two offices fell to the secondary school principality of Saxony-Zeitz . This line died out in 1718 and the areas of the Principality of Saxony-Zeitz fell back to the Electorate of Saxony (from 1806 Kingdom of Saxony).

On November 6, 1687 Maximilian Heinrich von Bourscheidt (also Burscheidt and Bourscheid) was appointed commander of Schleusingen and Weißensee. He wanted to set up a chapel in the order's courtyard, in which Catholic services should be celebrated. He also wanted to put up a picture of the Virgin Mary in the order's court. This was forbidden to him by the then sovereign Moritz Wilhelm . The rulers forbade him in 1688 to extend sheep farming, which he applied for. He feared disadvantages for his subjects.

18th century

By 1702 at the latest, Commendator Bourscheidt left the management of the Kommende Schleusingen (and Weißensee) back to an administrator. Ferdinand von Groote had extensive repair work carried out on the commander's buildings. His coat of arms and an inscription was placed above the entrance portal.

Frater Ferdinandus de Grote exstruxit hoc opus liberis et propriis expensis pro se et posteri (ie 1702). Deo laus qui protegit insignia mea quae posui et heic extruxi (ie 1704)

The new commander Philipp Wilhelm Graf von Nesselrode and Reichenstein also tried around 1710 to hold Catholic services in the old or a newly built chapel. After this was reported to the sovereign, the commander was forbidden to do so. Apparently he also gave up and let a steward manage the coming.

In 1718, Duke Moritz Wilhelm, the last duke of the Secondary Principality of Saxony-Zeitz, died. Saxony-Zeitz and with it Schleusingen fell back to the Electorate of Saxony . Its sovereign was Friedrich August I, "the Strong" , who had also been King of Poland since 1697.

Under the administrator Zilhardt there was a dispute with the city of Schleusingen. The sluice of an upcoming pond clogged and the pond overflowed. The water damaged a nearby road (or a road over the dam). The commander Zilhardt and the city could not agree on the repair of the damage or the assumption of the costs, so that the sovereign had to intervene in the end. However, the outcome of the proceedings is no longer on record.

Another dispute, this time between the coming and the Saxon state government, arose from the fire in the neighboring town of Suhl on May 1, 1753. At that time, Suhl was also part of the Electorate of Saxony, which was therefore also responsible for the reconstruction. Like the surrounding villages and towns, the upcoming one was supposed to contribute to the reconstruction and to deliver timber from the coming own forests at a discounted price. The coming refused this, but agreed to deliver lumber at market prices. In the same year the commander wanted to sell 8,400 trunks from the Langebahn forest estate to a forester and a rafting entrepreneur. This business was forbidden by the sovereign; the coming one would have to deliver the 8,400 logs as construction timber for the reconstruction of the city of Suhl. The dispute in which finally on the state side, the sovereign, the state government and the Schleusingen office were involved, on the side of the order the commander-in-chief, the order's court sub-tenants, and finally also the cabinet minister of the Electoral Saxony and former general receptor of the Order of St. John in Germany Franz Joseph de Griset Freiherr von Forell, dragged on until 1764. Unfortunately, the outcome of the proceedings is not exactly known. In the end, however, only a deputation of 70 tribes was requested for the construction of Suhl.

In 1764, commander Franz Jakob Ferdinand Freiherr von Franken tried again to get permission from the elector to resume sheep farming. Despite the advocacy of the Saxon Cabinet Minister Franz Joseph von Griset Freiherr von Forell, the application was again rejected.

In 1774, the aforementioned Saxon cabinet minister, Franz Joseph von Griset Freiherr von Forell, took over the Schleusingen (and also the Weissensee). He left the newcomers leased to others. After his death in 1786, his nephew (Joseph) Nicolaus Bruno von Griset Freiherr von Forell received the commandments in Schleusingen and Weißensee. He had to pay a fee of 23 thalers and 17 groschen for the sovereign briefing in the commandery. He, too, left the coming ones in the lease. However, he no longer lived in the commander's buildings in Schleusingen, but at the Berghof Langebahn belonging to the commander. In 1796, the sovereign appointed an overseer and accounting officer for the Schleusingen commandery. This should probably monitor the effective work of the managers and tenants. The clergy at the Schleusingen town church was paid for from the proceeds of the coming ones. The Coming also made a contribution to the financing of the Schleusinger Gymnasium.

Coat of arms of Philipp Hartmann von Andlau (from the coat of arms calendar of the Order of St. John or Maltese of 1786)

19th century

After the death of the commander Nikolaus Bruno von Griset Freiherr von Forell, Philipp Hartmann von Andlau / Andlaw-zu Biesek, the last Knights of St. John of the Thuringian Forest, was instructed in the commandery on December 3, 1800, and paid homage to the Saxon elector. Like his predecessor, he lived mainly at the Berghof Langebahn. The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 initially did not affect the existence of the commander. On May 8, 1814, Kommendator Philipp Hartmann, Imperial Baron von Andlau zu Biesek, died. Thereupon a dispute arose between two Saxon government bodies, the Secret Saxon Consilium and the Secret Finance Collegium as to how to proceed with the upcoming one. After several correspondence, the state government was instructed to take possession of the Kommende Schleusingen for the time being in order to preserve the sovereign rights . The Secret Consilium now instructed in February 1815 that the financial surplus after deducting all costs and obligations (e.g. for the remuneration of the clergy) should be transferred to the royal Saxon main treasury.

In June 1815 the Schleusingen Office and with it the Schleusingen Coming came under Prussian sovereignty as a result of the Congress of Vienna and was assigned to the Province of Saxony . Shortly thereafter, the Kommende Schleusingen was dissolved and taken into state ownership. The buildings were used for school purposes. The agricultural land was apparently sold to private customers.

Visit 1495

During the 1495 visitation, only the administrator of the Kommende Schleusingen, a brother Johann Beyer, had come to Würzburg. The visitors wanted to save themselves the long way to Schleusingen. The commander Johann Wilhelm von Bodman stayed mostly in his Kommende Kleinerdlingen and was represented by his administrator during the visitation. Together with Brother Johann Beyer, the convent had five chaplains, but their names are not mentioned in the visitation protocols. Ordinary work was done by a servant and a cook.

In 1495 the Coming received income from Rappelsdorf , Suhl, Waldau , Oberrod , Ratscher , Gerhardtsgereuth , Neundorf (probably Schleusingerneundorf) and Kirchheim. In addition, the Counts of Henneberg delivered 20 Malter rye. The coming ones also ran a small business of their own. The animal population at that time was four horses and 17 cows. The income totaled 57 Malter rye, 25 Malter oats and 31 guilders in cash. The expenses amounted to 160 guilders. The commander of Bodman compensated the deficit of 10½ guilders with the surpluses of his commander-in-law. 7 guilders and 15 albums had to be paid to the order's headquarters. In 1495 a Malter rye cost one guilder and a Malter oat half a guilder.

Visitation 1540

In 1540 the income amounted to 66 Malter rye, 69 Malter oats and 149 guilders 2 chunks. The income came from a. also from a newly built manor, presumably on the Langebahn and an (order?) mill. There is no pure intake indicated. In response money he had to pay 7 guilders to the center of the order and 2 guilders to the provincial chapter in Speyer.

The church patronage in Kirchheim included 9 Hufen land and grain interest. On September 22, 1589, commander Lucius Schmück sold this title to the city of Erfurt for an annual hereditary interest of 40 guilders. The contract was only ratified by the consensus of the Johanniterkommendatoren on July 18, 1597 under the commendator Valentin von und zu der Heese.

The 1798 repertory

The “Repertory on all Cabranes or camp books and Beraine of the high knightly Order of St. John”, published by Karl Herrlich in 1880, German grand priory houses and commends. Completed at the end of 1798 “shows Schleusingen possessions and income from the following villages.

Buildings and Church

The church of S. Johannes was first mentioned in 1235 and was probably destroyed and rebuilt in the town fire in 1353. In 1483 the foundation stone for the Gothic, presumably vaulted hall church was laid and inaugurated in 1498. In 1495 the church already had four altars. At the time of the visitation, further altars were being established and set up. The five religious had to read two masses a day. The current church was completely renovated in 1723/27. Presumably only the foundation walls of the nave are of Gothic origin. In the Aegidien chapel on the south side is the burial place of the Counts of Henneberg.

In addition, the churches in Waldau and Gerhardsgereuth were incorporated into the order and had to be supplied by the commander or the religious. In these churches, services were held on all feast days and otherwise every two weeks. At that time, the priest Johannes Meysener was employed as a pleban in the church of Kirchheim.

The commander of Bodman (1488 to 1495) had a new commander building constructed from his private fortune. The dormitory of the religious, however, came from an older time. In 1702, the then manager Ferdinand von Groote / Grotte had new buildings built.

Ruins of the former Lange Bahn mountain farm, south of Suhl-Heinrichs

The Berghof Lange Bahn

The commander in Schleusingen also owned the Berghof Lange Bahn near Suhl. It was about 2.5 cm south of Suhl-Heinrichs . Today the Lange Bahn mountain hut is nearby. The Berghof probably came into the possession of the Order of St. John as early as 1292. Associated with the court were the right to brew, serve and brook as well as the small hunt. For the latter right, however, interest had to be paid in kind. The courtyard consisted of a main building and several farm buildings. Barns are said to have been about 1 km southwest on the Stadelrod. The size was given as 50 acres of fields, 14ths of meadows and 30 acres of forest, the equivalent of around 90 hectares. It was destroyed in the Thirty Years War and was probably uninhabited for some time. In 1688 the courtyard was restored by the commander Burscheid. The last two commendators lived here at least temporarily. When Prussia took over the estate in 1815, the farm was advertised for sale for demolition in 1820. Finally it was actually demolished in 1825 and the fields and meadows reforested.

The Heimatverein Lange Bahn eV has partially excavated the ruins, which are under protection as a ground monument. They are the end point of an archaeological hiking trail.

The pilgrimage chapel of Our Lady and the tavern on the Einfürst

On the Einfürst, a mountain southeast of the core town of Schleusingen, close to its highest point, there was a pilgrimage chapel consecrated to the Holy Mother of God Maria in the late Middle Ages (location:) , in the immediate vicinity of the church there was also a tavern. In the historical literature the original spelling Einfirst has been retained. In the 1450s, a pilgrimage developed into a miraculous image of Mary in a wayside shrine on the Einfürst. A church was built there between 1461 and 1464, which was a branch church of St. John's Church in Schleusingen and was under the patronage of the Johanniterkommende Schleusingen. In 1494 a vicar for the church is recorded, as well as a sexton who had a room as accommodation in the nearby tavern. The Schenkhaus was probably operated by the city of Schleusingen. In 1494/95 the church was rebuilt and the church received a small bell tower in which there were two bells. The church administration was able to mediate with considerable funds that came into the church treasury through donations from the pilgrims. In 1494 836 guilders were lent in capital. The church administration did not operate its own economy, except for a few beehives, which have been documented for a few years. Donated property was quickly sold. World icon

The commander in Schleusingen had to hold a mass in the church on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays as well as on the day of the parish. Certainly he was usually represented by a priest from the convent. For this he received an annual salary of 15 guilders from the church treasury. Already in the first decades of the 16th century the number of pilgrims and with it the donations decreased. In 1544 the Reformation was introduced in the county of Henneberg. In 1555 the tavern was still inhabited. In 1602 the church was torn down and the stones used to build the new cemetery church in Schleusingen. Nothing is known about the further fate of the tavern.

Commendators, governors and administrators of the coming

Term of office Commander Other offices
1299. 1301 Konrad von Arnstein Commander 1306 Commander of Würzburg?
1316, 1318 (sure, his brother Berthold is named) Berthold VI. von Henneberg-Schleusingen the Elder
(† August 21, 1330, buried in the Johanniterkirche in Würzburg, his gravestone is in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich)		 1291 (co-) founder of the Schleusingen Coming House, 1309 Deputy Prior of Poland, 1309 Commander von Büchold, 1310 Commendator von Lossen (Silesia), 1313 to 1324 Prior to Bohemia, Poland, Moravia and Austria (so called 1316, 1318), 1315 Until 1323 commander of Kühndorf, 1315, 1316 commander in Würzburg, 1317 to 1321 commander of Boxberg, 1328 to 1330 prior of the order province of Alemannia
1323 Heinricus de Milchendorf Commander
1324 to 1331 Berthold XI. von Henneberg, the Younger
(* around 1290, † after August 24, 1356)		 Commander in Schleusingen, he was accepted into the Order of St. John in 1318. His father Berthold VII had transferred 100 marks to the religious house in Schleusingen for acceptance into the order, 1348 commander von Kühndorf, 1329 to 1332, 1340 to 1341 commander in Würzburg, 1329 to 1336 commander in Biebelried, 1329 to 1341, 1355 commander in Boxberg, 1326 to 1329 prior of Bohemia, Moravia, Poland and Austria, 1336 to 1341 prior of the order province of Alemannia, 1353 to 1355 Bailli of Franconia
1377 Heinrich von Breßla Commander of Schleusingen
1385 Otto von Hessberg, commander also commander of Kühndorf
1401 Eberhard von Aura Commander of Schleusingen
1411 Johann von Tüngen Commander in Schleusingen
1425, 1439 Johann Kremer Commander in Schleusingen
1450 Richard von Buttlar , called von Neuenburg
(† 23 August 1466)		 Commander in 1435 Bailli von Franken, in 1435 in Würzburg, in 1450 in Hemmendorf and Rexingen, until 1430 in Commander in Kühndorf and Schleusingen, after that only from Schleusingen, from 1454 to 1464 Großbailli, from 1466 to 1469 Grand Prior
1452, 1456 to 1462 Johann Straub / Strube Commander in Schleusingen
1486 Johann Kunkel Governor in Schleusingen
1488 to 1495 Johann Wilhelm Bodman Commander in Schleusingen, also commander in Kleinerdlingen, brother Johann Beyer, administrator
1488 Johann Ruprecht Administrator of the religious houses Schleusingen, Kühndorf and Kirchheim
1505, 1506 to 1514 Johann Beyer Commander in Schleusingen
1517 Han Plenken Commander
1523 Simon Iselin
(† December 27, 1530, buried in the Johanniterkirche there)		 Commander in Schleusingen and Weißensee, Commander in Colmar from 1523 to 1530, was present at the fall of Rhodes in 1522,
1528 to 1542 Anastasius Schmalz / Smalz zu Landau Komtur zu Schleusingen and Weißensee (Wartenberg calls him Anastasius Schmidt)
1549 Andreas Heide Administrator
1550 to 1555 Anton von Königstein Commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee
1558 Johann Pottinger Commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee
1559 Heinrich Grothe
1559 to 1568 Gilbrecht / Gilbert from Carbene Commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee
1568 to 1587 Johann Georg von Schönborn
(*?, † 1587, grave in Mainz Cathedral)		 Commander von Schleusingen and Weißensee, 1557 to 1572 (?) Commander in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, 1549 to 1587 Commander in Worms, 1571 to 1587 Commander in Mainz, (1566?) 1570 to 1587 Commander in Hemmendorf and Rexingen,
1587 to 1595 Philipp Lucius Schnouck (Snock, Snouck) Commander in Schleusingen and Weißensee, 1587 Commander in Mechelen and Aachen, Eberhard Ittiges administrator
1595 to 1602 Valentin von und zu der Heese
(† 1602, grave inscription in the Johanniterkirche in Würzburg)		 1578 to 1602 commander in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, 1601 to 1602 commander in Würzburg, 1601 to 1602 titular prior of Dacien, 1595 to 1602 commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee commander-in-chief of Droyßig
1605 to 1612 Johann Friedrich Hund von Saulheim
(after 1550, † March 19, 1635 in Heitersheim, buried in the Franciscan church there)		 1593 deputy of the Großbailli, 1597 commander of Kleinerdlingen, 1597 commander of Tobel, 1600 to 1602 commander of Rohrdorf-Dätzingen, 1601 to 1605, titular Bailli of Brandenburg, 1603 commander of Mosbach, 1605 to 1612 commander of Würzburg-Biebelried, 1605 to 1612 Commander of Schleusingen and Weißensee, 1605 to 1607 Titular Prior of Dacien, 1607 to 1609 Titular Prior of Hungary, 1609 Großbailli, 1610 to 1612 Commander von Rottweil, 1612 to 1635 Grand Prior and Commander in Bubikon
1608 to 1612 Johann Zollner Administrator
1613 to 1632 Albrecht von Müggenthal / Mückenthal to Hexenagger Commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee
1619 to 1624 Lorenz Dreg Administrator
1625 to 1628 Ernst Adolph von Ottern Administrator
1635 to 1638 Jacob Christoph von Andlau Commander of Schleusingen and Weißensee, 1631 Großbailli, 1636 to 1637 Commander of Burgsteinfurt, Lage, Villingen and Rottweil
1648 to 1660 Heinrich Moritz von Wolframsdorf Commander in Schleusingen and Weißensee, imperial colonel, sworn into the order in 1639, commander in Affaltrach and Schwäbisch Hall from 1648 to 1660, commander in Trier, Adenau and Niederbreisig around 1650
1664 to 1671 Ulrich Forer Commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee
1675 to 1686 Johann Philipp Freiherr von Schönborn
(† 1703, buried in Mainz Cathedral)		 Commander of Schleusingen and Weißensee,
1687 to 1707 Baron Maximilian Heinrich von Burscheid Commander of Schleusingen and Weissensee
1702 to 1704 Ferdinand Baron von Grotte / Groote
(† 1742 in Tunis)		 Administrator, had the economic building rebuilt in 1702 after Commendator von Worms, Altmühlmünster and Regensburg in 1704, captured by the barbares in 1741 after a shipwreck in the Mediterranean , died in 1742 in the hospital in Tunis
1710 to 1727 Philipp Wilhelm Freiherr von Nesselrode and Reichenstein
(* 1678 in Herten, † January 16, 1754 in Valletta)		 Commander von Schleusingen and Weißensee, accepted into the order in 1683, revolt in 1697, from 1703 Commander of Schwäbisch Hall and Affaltrach, 1720 to 1727 Commander von Lage, 1721 to 1727 Großbailli, 1721 to 1754 Commander of Frankfurt, Rüdigheim and Mosbach, 1714 to 1721 Zilhardt administrator in Schleusingen, Grand Prior and Commander of Bubikon from 1727 to 1754
1727 to 1758 Bernhard Moritz Freiherr von Cappel zur Horst
(† 1758)		 Commander in Schleusingen and Weißensee, June 20, 1698 Admission to the order 1727 to 1749/1750 Commander in St-Jean-de-Bassel and Dorlisheim, 1727 to 1758 Commander in Lage and Herford and Herrenstrunden, 1724 to 1734 Commander in Rottweil, 1748 Titular Bailli of Brandenburg until 1753, Prior of Dacien from 1753 to 1758
1759 to 1773 Franz Jakob Ferdinand Baron of Franconia
(† 1773)		 Commander in Weißensee and Schleusingen, 1767 to 1773 Commander in Regensburg and Altmühlmünster
1774 to 1786 Franz Joseph von Griset Freiherr von Forell
(* 1701 in Freiburg i. Ü., † 1786)		 Commander of Schleusingen and Weißensee, May 16, 1739 to 1786 Commander of Sulz, Colmar and Mülhausen, 1753 to 1756 Commander of Rottweil, 1760 to 1786 Commander of Schwäbisch Hall and Affaltrach
May 1, 1788 to 1800 (Joseph) Nicolaus Bruno von Griset Freiherr von Forell
(* August 24, 1743, † March 28, 1800 in Erfurt, buried in Erfurt Cathedral)		 royal French major, commander of Schleusingen and Weißensee, 1794 lieutenant general in Saxony
December 3, 1800 to May 8, 1814 Philipp Hartmann Baron von Andlaw-Birseck
(* July 3, 1764, † May 8, 1814 in Alsace )		 last commander in Schleusingen and Weißensee

swell

The documents and files of the Johanniterkommende Schleusingen that have been preserved are now mainly archived in the Saxony-Anhalt State Archives .

literature

  • Georg Brückner: Hennebergisches document book. V. Theil (I. Supplementary Volume). Verlag der Herzogliche Hofbuchhandlung Brückner und Renner, Meiningen 1866 (hereinafter abbreviated to Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Supplement 1 with the corresponding page number and document number)
  • Georg Brückner: Hennebergisches document book. VI. Part. Verlag der Herzogliche Hofbuchhandlung Brückner und Renner, Meiningen 1873 (hereinafter abbreviated to Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 6 with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Theodor Geßner: History of the city Schleusingen up to the death of the last count of Henneberg. Self-published by the author, Schleusingen 1861 (hereinafter abbreviated as Geßner, History of the City of Schleusingen with corresponding page number)
  • Carl Herrlich: The staff of the German tongue of the Order of St. John (Maltese) in the years 1773, 1792 and 1799. Wochenblatt der Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 35: 51–53, 57–59, 61–64, Berlin, 1894 (hereinafter abbreviated to Herrlich, staff with corresponding page number)
  • Ralph Leitloff: The relationship of the Knights of St. John / Knights of Malta to the sovereign territorial powers of the Thuringian territories in the early modern period. Publishing house Dr. Kovac, Hamburg 2006 ISBN 978-3-8300-2500-9 (hereinafter abbreviated to Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta with the corresponding page number)
  • Hans-Joachim Mrusek: On the building history of the Johanniterburg Kühndorf in the former county of Henneberg. Scientific journal of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, social and linguistic series, 12 (9/10): 663–692, Halle 1963.
  • Julius von Pflugk-Harttung : The beginnings of the Order of St. John in Germany, especially in the Mark Brandenburg and Mecklenburg. J. M. Spaeth's Verlag, Berlin 1899. (in the following abbreviated, Pflugk-Harttung, beginnings of the Order of St. John with corresponding page number)
  • Walter Gerd Rödel: The Grand Priory of the Order of St. John in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Reformation. Wienand-Verlag, Cologne 1972 (hereinafter abbreviated to Rödel, Großpriorat with corresponding number of pages), pp. 176–179.
  • Walter Gerd Rödel: The German (grand) priors. In: Bernard Andenmatten (arrangement), Petra Zimmer and Patrick Braun (ed.): Helvetia Sacra , 4th department, volume 7, part 1 Die Johanniter, pp. 51–76, Schwabe Verlag, Basel, 2006 (abbreviated below Rödel, German Grand Priore with corresponding page number)
  • Gerd Schlegel: The history of the Johanniterkommende Weißensee in Thuringia. Castrum Wiszense, series of publications by the Association for the Rescue and Conservation of the Runnebirg in Weißensee / Thür. eV, Volume 4: 224 pp., Weißensee, 1996 (in the following abbreviated Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee with corresponding page number)
  • Karl Schöppach: I. Part. The documents of the joint Henneberg archive in Meiningen from DCCCCXXXIII to MCCCXXX. Verlag der Keyssner'schen Hofbuchhandlung, Meiningen 1842 (hereinafter abbreviated to Schöppach, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 1 with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Johann-Adolph von Schultes: Diplomatic History of the Count's House of Henneberg. Second part. Johann Gottfried Hanisch, Hildburghausen, 1791 (hereinafter abbreviated to Schultes, Diplomatic History, Vol. 2 with the corresponding page number and / or certificate number)
  • Johann Adolph Schultes: Historical-statistical description of the princely county of Henneberg. First part. First and second sections Introduction to the history, geography and statistics of the County of Henneberg. Hanisch, Hildburghausen, 1794 (hereinafter abbreviated to Schultes, Grafschaft Henneberg with corresponding page number)
  • Friedrich Schunder: The Johanniterordenshaus Wiesenfeld. In: Friedrich Schuder (ed.): The Upper Hessian monasteries. Regesta and certificates. First volume. S. 327-426, NG Elwert Verlag (Kommissionsverlag), Marburg, 1961 (Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck, Volume 9; Monastery Archives Regesta and Documents 3rd Volume) (hereinafter abbreviated to Schunder, Johanniterordenshaus Wiesenfeld with corresponding page number and certificate number )
  • Wilhelm Johann Albert von Tettau: Historical representation of the area of ​​the city of Erfurt and the possessions of the foundations there. 265 p., Published by Carl Villaret, Erfurt 1886 UrMEL of the Thuringian University and State Library Jena
  • Georg Ernst Walch: Georg Ernst Walchens, Rectors zu Schleusingen, draft of the Schleusingische Reformationsgeschichte. Riemann, Coburg, 1763 (hereinafter abbreviated to Walch, Schleusingische Reformationsgeschichte with corresponding page number)
  • Günther Wartenberg: State rule and Reformation: Moritz von Sachsen and the Albertine church policy until 1546. 319 p., Gütersloher Verl.-Haus Mohn, Gütersloh 1988 (sources and research on the history of the Reformation; vol. 55) ISBN 978-3-579-01681- 8 Preview on Google Books , p. 264.
  • Johanna Maria van Winter: Sources concerning the Hospitallers of St. John in the Netherlands 14th – 18th centuries. Brill, Leiden, 1998 ISBN 9004108033 (hereinafter abbreviated to Winter, Sources with corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Günther Wölfing: The Premonstratensian Monastery of Vessra: Document regesten 1130–1573: with a list of other archival sources. 776 S., Cologne etc., Böhlau, 2010 ISBN 978-3-412-20445-7 (in the following abbreviated to Wölfing, Premonstratensian monastery Vessra with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Eilhard Zickgraf: The princes of Henneberg-Schleusingen: history of the territory and its organization. Atlas, volumes 1–2. 278 S., Elwert, 1944 82 Fa 1/22

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Georg Sauer: The last Knight of St. John of the Thuringian Forest. The gazebo. Illustrirtes Familienblatt, 40: 635–637, 1869 Online at Google Books
  2. ↑ a b c d Dieter Schmidt: The Dreisbach desert and other desert areas in Sihl and the surrounding area. BoD, Norderstedt Online at Google Books
  3. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 29.
  4. ↑ a b Karl Borchardt: target figures for the number of employees in the German Johanniter from 1367. Revue Mabillon, ns, 14: 83–113, 2003. PDF , p. 96.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Rödel, Großpriorat, p. 177.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Schultes, Grafschaft Henneberg, p. 109, footnotes.
  7. ↑ a b Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, vol. 6, p. 156, document number CCVIII (= 208).
  8. ↑ Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, vol. 6, p. 219/20, document number CCCXXIX (= 329).
  9. ↑ Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Supplement 1, p. 34, document number LX (= 60) Online at Google Books
  10. ↑ a b Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Supplement 1, p. 43, document number LXXVI (= 76) Online at Google Books
  11. ^ Ludwig Bechstein, Georg Brückner: Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch: 2. Part. The documents of the joint Henneberg archive in Meiningen from MCCCXXX to MCCCLVI. Verlag der Keyssner'schen Hofbuchhandlung, Meiningen 1847 Online at Google Books
  12. ↑ Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Supplement 1, p. 193, Certificate No. CCCXXXIII (= 333) Online at Google Books
  13. ↑ Brückner, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, vol. 6, p. 26, document number XXXIII (= 33).
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g Schultes, Grafschaft Henneberg, p. 110, footnotes.
  15. ↑ Hans Patze: Thuringia. 576 S., Stuttgart, A. Kröner, 1968, p. 239.
  16. ^ Karl Gottlob Dietmann: Brief history of the church and schools of the prince-prince of Genneberg, Electoral Saxon Antheils. Karl Wilhelm Ettinger, Gotha, 1781 Online at Google Books , p. 69.
  17. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, pp. 110/11.
  18. ↑ a b Schultes, Grafschaft Henneberg, p. 108.
  19. ↑ a b Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 108, footnote 345 (3).
  20. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 242 and also footnote 651.
  21. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 256.
  22. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 261.
  23. ↑ Des Hohen Iohanniter or Maltese Knight Order Teutschen Gros Priorat Wappen Calender. Klauber, Augsburg, 1786. Online at Google Books
  24. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 268.
  25. ^ Rödel, Großpriorat, p. 178.
  26. ↑ Walch, Schleusingische Reformationsgeschichte, p. 192 Online at Google Books .
  27. ^ Karl Herrlich: The possessions of the former German Grand Priory of the Johanniter Order. Wochenblatt der Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 21: 99–102, 103–106, 109–111, 117–119, Berlin 1880, Schleusingen: p. 117.
  28. ↑ a b Ernst Koch: The former Liebfauenkirche on the Einfirst. Writings of the Hennebergisches Geschichtsverein zu Schleusingen, 5: 3-66, 1912 DFG viewer .
  29. ↑ Josef Hoh: The Commander of the Johanniterkommende Würzburg. Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter 11/12: 113–126, 1950, p. 117, footnote 10
  30. ^ Pflugk-Hartung, Beginnings of the Order of St. John, p. 171
  31. ↑ Schöppach, Hennebergisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 1, pp. 92–94, Certificate No. CLXI (= 161) Online at Google Books
  32. ↑ Schultes, Diplomatic History, Vol. 2, pp. 62/63, Document No. 33 Online at Google Books
  33. ^ Rödel, Deutsche Großpriore, p. 56.
  34. ^ Wölfing, Premonstratensian Monastery Vessra, p. 568.
  35. ↑ Ludwig Remling: Brotherhoods in Franconia: Church and social history studies on late medieval and early modern brotherhoods. 442 p., Kommissionsverlag F. Schöningh, 1986, p. 222.
  36. ↑ Wölfing, Premonstratensian Monastery Vessra, p. 382, ​​document no. 755.
  37. ↑ Wölfing, Premonstratensian Monastery Vessra, p. 383, document no. 757
  38. ↑ Wölfing, Premonstratensian monastery Vessra, p. 399, document no. 786.
  39. ^ Geßner, Geschichte der Stadt Schleusingen, p. 80, online at Google Books .
  40. ^ Geßner, Geschichte der Stadt Schleusingen, p. 88, online at Google Books .
  41. ^ Julius Leichtlein: Contributions to the history of the Turkish wars, the Order of Malta and the holy land and grave. II. Letters from Joh. Ord.Bailly, Mr. Georg Schilling von Canstatt, governor of Tripoli, to the master of the order in Germany, about the loss of the island of Rhodus, the selection of the island of Malta donated by the emperor, and the important events of 1523 - 1539. Writings of the Society for the Promotion of History to Freiburg im Breisgau, 1: 509–538, Freiburg i.Br. 1825 Online at Google Books , p. 510.
  42. ↑ Andreas Burtscher: About the conquest and loss of the beautiful island of Rhodes. The siege of Rhodes by the Ottomans in 1522. Diplomica Verlag, Hamburg, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8428-9283-5 preview at Google Books , p. 50.
  43. ↑ Schunder, Johanniterordenshaus Wiesenfeld, p. 405, document 1270.
  44. ^ W. Germann: M. Christian Juncker and his Hennebergisches Geschichtswerk. Contents of the XVI Collective Volumes. New contributions to the history of German antiquity, 15: 36–41, Meiningen 1900
  45. ^ Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 164.
  46. ↑ Winter, Sources, p. 99, No. 130.
  47. ^ Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 165.
  48. ↑ Leitloff, Order of St. John / Knights of Malta, p. 243.
  49. ^ Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 167.
  50. ↑ Christian von Osterhausen: Real and thorough report, Whose what is necessary for a perfect knowledge and knowledge of the highly commendable, knightly order, S. Johannis von Jerusalem zu Malta. 844 S., Aperger, Augsburg, 1650 Online at Google Books
  51. ↑ Johann Kaspar Bundschuh: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia or a complete alphabetical description of all cities, monasteries, castles, villages, spots, farms, mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, strange areas, etc. in the entire Franconian district: with exact display of their origin, former and present owners, location, number and food of the inhabitants, manufactories, factories, cattle ranch, strange buildings, new institutions, the most distinguished peculiarities. Fifth volume. Ulm, 1802 Online at Google Books
  52. ^ Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 169.
  53. ^ Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 170.
  54. ↑ a b Rödel, Deutsche Großpriore, p. 73.
  55. ^ René Aubert de Vertot: Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem, appellez depuis Les Chevaliers de Rhodes, et aujourd'hui Les Chevaliers de Malte. Volume 4. Rollin & Quillau & Desaint, Paris 1726 Online at Google Books , p. 203.
  56. ^ New genealogical realm and state manual for the year 1774. First part. Franz Varrentrapp, Frankfurt am Main, 1774 Online at Google Books , p. 113.
  57. ↑ Des Hohen Iohanniter or Maltese Knight Order Teutschen Gros Priorat Wappen Calender. Klauber, Augsburg, 1786. Online at Google Books
  58. ↑ Herrlich, Personnel, p. 61.
  59. ↑ Herrlich, Personnel, p. 62.

Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 35 ″  N , 10 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  E