Joinville (noble family)

The House of Joinville was a family of the feudal nobility of the high medieval Champagne in France , whose eponymous ancestral seat was in the municipality of Joinville in what is now the Haute-Marne department .

John of Joinville gives the King of Navarre and later King Louis X. of France his completed life for Louis IX. the saint. Miniature from the dedication sheet of the oldest copy of Joinville's Saint Vita, 14th century; Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS français 13568.

The cover plate of the grave of Guidos I of Joinville († 1259), Lord of Sailly, in the museum of Bar-le-Duc . The grave was originally located in Écurey Abbey .

history

At the beginning of the family stood Stephan , who came from the village of Vaux near the Abbey of Saint-Urbain and, with the support of his father-in-law, Count Engelbert II of Brienne , built a "new castle" on a hill on the left bank before 1018 the Upper Marne on the border with Lorraine . That year, Stephano Novi-Castelli domino was excommunicated by the Bishop of Toul for violating religious institutions. Under the protection of this castle, a settlement seems to have quickly formed at its feet, which was already known by name to King Robert II in 1027 , when Stephanus de Junci-villa asked for the restitution of stolen property to the Abbey of Montier-en-Der Has. Stephen's character image to be drawn from this correspondence shows him to be an actor of the feudal anarchy that ruled France at the time when countless robber barons tried to assert themselves by means of violence and to secure a permanent power base by building castles. With control over the upper Marne and as patrons of the Abbey of Saint-Urbain, the first Joinville had successfully established themselves in the castle nobility of Champagne and secured their position by being linked to the neighboring families of Brienne and Reynel . The medieval author Alberich von Trois-Fontaines equated the first three representatives of the family with the early Counts of Joigny , which, however, can neither be confirmed by the family's documentary system nor by other narrative chronicles, which is why this claim is justified as inadequate in modern history applies. In fact, those of Joinville and the House of Joigny had a relationship with each other through the mother-in-law of Stephans von Vaux, and had feuded against each other in the 11th century.

Favored by their location on the border with Lorraine, which belonged to the Holy Roman Empire , the Joinville were able to expand their power beyond the French border by building the castle of Vaucouleurs on the Meuse . However, the family saw itself as part of the feudal order of Champagne and struggled for power and influence at the court of the ruling count's house. Gottfried III. was the first of the family to be entrusted with the office of seneschal, which corresponded to a position of the count's chief administration minister. In the early 13th century, Simon took advantage of the turmoil of the War of Succession in Champagne and successfully fought for his family to inherit the Seneschallate from Count Theobald IV . After the Champagne was increasingly seized by the royal administration in the middle of the 13th century and completely under the crown domain through the marriage of its last heiress Johanna to King Philip IV , the Count's Seneschallate had increasingly lost its importance and became for the Joinville to degenerated into a mere honorary title, which after the extinction of their main line in the early 15th century was not continued by their heirs.

With his participation in the second crusade , Gottfried III. established the long crusader tradition of his family, which characterized almost every feudal family in Champagne. Gottfried IV died in 1190 on the third crusade during the siege of Acre (1189–1191) , just as Gottfried V died in 1204/05 as a crusader in "overseas" ( Outremer ). Simon fought on the Damiette Crusade in 1218 at the side of his cousin John of Brienne , King of Jerusalem . His son Johann took part in the sixth crusade (1248–1254), on which he joined King Ludwig IX. (Saint Louis) has joined. His authorship of one of the best-known vites about this canonized king has made John of Joinville the most prominent representative of his family today. The younger brother of the biographer, Gottfried von Vaucouleurs , completed the crusader history of Joinville with his participation in the crusade of Prince Edward (1270–1272).

The main line of the Joinville family died out with Margaret , Countess of Vaudémont , in 1418. The family ancestry passed to their descendants from their third marriage to the House of Lorraine-Guise , who left the castle in favor of a palace in the 16th century. The biographer's brother, Gottfried († 1314), took over Vaucouleurs Castle and made a career at the English royal court, where he was naturalized as "Baron Geneville" in the English nobility. His estates in England and Ireland had fallen to the Mortimer family through the marriage of his granddaughter Joan de Geneville († 1356). Vaucouleurs was ceded to the French crown by another grandson around 1335 in exchange for other goods. Other branches of the family continued into the 15th century in France and Italy, where they gained a foothold in the course of the conquest by Charles of Anjou .

coat of arms

The Joinville family originally had the same coat of arms (Fig. 1) as the von Broyes family ( Dept. Marne ). It shows three golden horse brakes (French: Morailles , also called Broyes ) on a blue shield. It probably goes back to Gottfried IV , whose older half-brother on his mother's side Hugo III. from Broyes was. In their coat of arms, both families seem to have reflected on their common origins.

In the seals of Johann von Joinville, an extension of the original motif can be determined for the first time, namely in the form of a lion depiction in a silver bar in the head of the shield (French: chef ) above the three horse brakes (Fig. 2). In an inscription he made on the grave of his ancestor Gottfried III. in Clairvaux Abbey , Johann explained the background to this. According to this, his uncle Gottfried V. Trouillard once earned the respect of the famous crusader Richard the Lionheart , probably during the third crusade, thanks to his deeds of arms against the pagans. The English king then granted him the privilege of adding his lion motif to his own coat of arms. Johann in turn recovered the coat of arms during his stay in the Holy Land during the sixth crusade from his uncle's grave in Krak des Chevaliers and brought it home with him to keep it there in the Saint-Laurent chapel at Joinville Castle. This coat of arms is now used by the Joinville Commune.

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Tribe list

From Stephan von Vaux to Simon von Joinville

1. Stephan "von Vaux" († ~ 1027/35), builder and first lord of Joinville Castle; ⚭ with NN von Brienne, daughter of Engelbert II , Count of Brienne , and Adelheid von Sens, heiress of Joigny.
   1. Gottfried I († ~ 1050/80), Lord of Joinville; ⚭ with Blanche from Reynel.
      1. Hilduin (X 1055).
      2. Gottfried II. († ~ 1101), Lord of Joinville; ⚭ with Hoderine von Courtenay, daughter of Joscelin von Courtenay .
         1. Hadwige of Joinville; ⚭ with Gobert III, Lord of Apremont.
         2. Rainald († ~ 1103), Lord of Joinville.
         3. Roger († ~ 1137), Lord of Joinville; ⚭ with Adelarde von Vignory, daughter of Guidos III, lord of Vignory.
            1. Gottfried III. († 1188), Lord of Joinville and Seneschal of Champagne; ⚭ with Felicite von Brienne, daughter of Erhard I , Count of Brienne .
               1. Gottfried IV. († 1190), Lord of Joinville.
                  1. Gottfried V. Trouillard († 1204/05), Lord of Joinville.
                  2. Robert of Joinville (X 1205), Lord of Sailly.
                  3. William of Joinville († 1226), Bishop of Langres and Archbishop of Reims .
                  4. Simon († 1233), Lord of Joinville and Seneschal of Champagne; ⚭ 1. with the Ermengarde of Montclair; ⚭ 2. with Beatrix of Burgundy-Auxonne († 1260), daughter of Stephen III. , Count of Auxonne ( House of Burgundy-Ivrea ).
                     1. (I) Gottfried von Joinville († ~ 1233), Lord of Montclair.
                     2. (I) Isabella of Joinville, mistress of Montclair; ⚭ with Simon, Lord of Clefmont.
                     3. (I) Beatrix of Joinville; ⚭ with Guermond, Vidame of Châlons.
                     4. (II) Johann († 1317), Lord of Joinville and Seneschal of Champagne; ⚭ 1. with Alix von Grandpré († ~ 1250/61); ⚭ 2. with Alix von Reynel († 1288) - offspring see below
                     5. (II) Gottfried von Joinville / Geoffrey de Geneville († 1314), Lord of Vaucouleurs and Trim , Lord of Meath , Justiciar of Ireland, 1st Baron Geneville; ⚭ with Maud de Lacy - descendants see below
                     6. (II) Maria of Joinville († ~ 1256); ⚭ with Johann von Thil-Châtel.
                     7. (II) Simon of Joinville († June 3, 1277), Lord of Marnay and Gex; ⚭ with Lyonette von Gex, daughter and heiress of Amadeus II, lord of Gex.
                        1. Peter von Joinville († 1289), Lord of Gex.
                        2. Wilhelm von Joinville († after 1310), Lord of Gex; ⚭ with Johanna von Savoyen, daughter of Ludwig von Savoyen , Herr von Vaud ( House of Savoy ).
                           1. Hugo von Joinville († 1347/48), Lord of Gex; ⚭ with Johanna von Montfaucon; Daughter of Heinrichs von Montfaucon, Count of Montbéliard .
                           2. Eleanor of Joinville († 1360), mistress of Gex; ⚭ with Hugo of Geneva, son of Amadeus II , Count of Geneva .
                        3. Peter von Joinville († after 1301), Lord of Marnay; ⚭ with?.
                           1. Amadeus I (Amé) of Joinville, Lord of Marnay and Divonne; ⚭ with Aimée von Coligny.
                           2. Béraud of Joinville, lord of Divonne; ⚭ with NN from Courtremblay.
                              1. Amadeus II (Amé) of Joinville, Lord of Divonne; ⚭ with Catherine Bernier.
                                 1. Ludwig von Joinville († after 1397), Lord of Divonne, Bailli of Vaud .
                                 2. Amblard of Joinville († after 1410), clergyman in Lyon.
                                 3. NN of Joinville, heiress of Divonne; ⚭ with Jakob von Gingins.
                        4. Beatrix of Joinville; ⚭ with Guy Almandi.
                     8. (II) Heloise of Joinville; ⚭ with Johann, Herr von Faucogney.
                     9. (II) Wilhelm von Joinville, clergyman.
                  5. Guido I of Joinville († 1259), Lord of Sailly and Donjeux; ⚭ 1. with Agnes; ⚭ 2. with Perrenelle von Chappes, mistress of Jully-sur-Sarce.
                     1. (I) Robert of Joinville († ~ 1269), Lord of Sailly.
                        1. Guido II of Joinville, Lord of Sailly.
                           1. Alix of Joinville († October 27, 1311), mistress of Sailly; ⚭ with Rainald von Choiseul, Lord of Bourbonne.
                        2. Simon of Joinville († after 1323), lord of Échenay; ⚭ with Marie.
                           1. Johann von Joinville († ~ 1366), lord of Échenay.
                           2. Laura de Joinville, mistress of Échenay; ⚭ with Jean de Dinteville.
                     2. (I) Simon of Joinville († ~ 1276), Lord of Donjeux.
                        1. Guido I of Joinville († ~ 1303), Lord of Donjeux; ⚭ with Isabelle d'Étrépy.
                           1. Guido II of Joinville († ~ 1370), lord of Donjeux.
                              1. Alix of Joinville († ~ 1406), mistress of Donjeux; ⚭ with Heinrich von Bourlémont.
                           2. Ogier of Joinville († ~ 1364), Lord of Effincourt and La Fauche; ⚭ with Margarete von Beaupré.
                              1. Heinrich von Joinville, lord of La Fauche.
                              2. Margaret of Joinville († after 1366), mistress of La Fauche; ⚭ 1. with Heinrich von Daint-Dizier; ⚭ 2. with Odo von Savoisy, Bailli von Vitry.
                              3. Joan of Joinville; ⚭ with Johann von Noyers.
                     3. (II) William I of Joinville († 1290), lord of Jully-sur-Sarce; ⚭ with Maria von Tanlay.
                        1. Johann von Joinville († ~ 1321), lord of Jully-sur-Sarce; ⚭ with NN from Conflans.
                           1. William II of Joinville († after 1340), lord of Jully-sur-Sarce and Saint-Omer.
                           2. Philip of Joinville, Lord of Saint-Omer.
                  6. Andreas von Joinville, Knight of the Templar Order .
                  7. Felicite of Joinville; ⚭ with Peter II, Lord of Bourlémont.
               2. Gertraude von Joinville; ⚭ with Gerhard II., Count of Vaudémont.
            2. Guido von Joinville († 1190), Bishop of Châlons .

The descendants of Johann von Joinville

1. Johann († 1317), Lord of Joinville and Seneschal of Champagne; ⚭ 1. with Alix von Grandpré († ~ 1250/61); ⚭ 2. with Alix von Reynel († 1288).
   1. (I) Gottfried von Joinville / Goffredo di Ianvilla († ~ 1290), Lord of Briquenay and Montragone; ⚭ with Mabille von Villehardouin ( House Villehardouin ).
      1. Goffredo di Ianvilla (X 1297), Lord of Montragone and Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi ; ⚭ with Philippa de Beaumont.
         1. Filippo di Ianvilla († after 1315), Count of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi; ⚭ with Ilaria de Sus.
            1. Niccolò di Ianvilla († June 29, 1335, murdered), Count of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, Justiciar of Naples; ⚭ with Giovanna del Balzo.
               1. Giovanni Niccolò di Ianvilla, Count of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, Viceroy of Abruzzo; ⚭ with Rebecca Marramaldo.
                  1. Amelio di Ianvilla († after 1383), Count of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi.
                  2. Elzéar di Ianvilla, Abbot of Santa-Maria de Gualdo.
                  3. Giovanna di Ianvilla; ⚭ with Ludovicio di Sabran, Count of Ariano.
                  4. Francesca di Ianvilla; ⚭ with Goffredo di Marzano, Count von Alife.
                  5. Ilaria di Ianvilla; ⚭ with Giovanni Filangieri, Lord of Lapigio.
               2. Amelio di Ianvilla († after 1377), Marshal of Naples.
               3. Ludovicio di Ianvilla († after 1384), Justiciar and Viceroy of Calabria.
               4. Filippo di Ianvilla.
      2. Johann Trouillard of Joinville († ~ 1313), Lord of Venafro, Connétable of Naples.
      3. Wilhelm von Joinville († ~ 1312), Lord of Briquenay, ⚭ with Beatrix von Brienne, daughter of Erhard III. of Brienne, Lord of Venisy.
         1. Alix von Joinville († 1358), mistress of Briquenay and Venisy; ⚭ with Johann II of Saarbrücken, Lord of Commercy ( House Broyes ).
   2. (I) Johann von Joinville (* 1248, † ~ 1304), Lord of Ancerville.
   3. (II) Johann von Joinville († ~ 1301), Lord of Reynel.
   4. (II) Anselm († 1342/43), Lord of Joinville, Seneschal of Champagne, Marshal of France ; ⚭ 1. with Laura von Saarbrücken, daughter of Simons II from Commercy-Saarbrücken ( House Broyes ); ⚭ 2. with Margarete von Vaudémont, daughter of Heinrich III. , Count of Vaudémont .
      1. (I) Johanna von Joinville; ⚭ with Johann von Noyers, Count of Joigny.
      2. (II) Heinrich (* 1327; † 1365), Lord of Joinville, Count of Vaudémont and Seneschal of Champagne; with Maria von Luxemburg, daughter of Johanns I. von Luxemburg , Herr von Ligny ( House Luxemburg ).
         1. Margaret (1354–1418), mistress of Joinville and Countess of Vaudémont; ⚭ 1. with Johann von Chalon († 1373), lord of Montaigu; ⚭ 2. with Peter († 1392), Count of Geneva ; ⚭ 3rd with Friedrich von Lothringen (X 1415), Lord of Rumigny.
         2. Alix of Joinville († 1413); ⚭ with Theobald VII, Lord of Neufchâtel.
   5. (II) Margaret of Joinville († ~ 1306), heiress of Lirey; ⚭ with Johann von Charny, their son: Geoffroy de Charny .
   6. (II) Alix of Joinville († 1307); ⚭ 1. with John IV of Arcis, Lord of Arcis-sur-Aube and Chacenay ( Chacenay House ); ⚭ 2. with John of Lancaster († approx. 1327), Lord of Beaufort ( House Plantagenet ).
   7. (II) Walter von Joinville († ~ 1308), Lord of Beaupré.
   8. (II) Andreas I of Joinville (†?), Lord of Bonney and Beaupré.
      1. Simon of Joinville († ~ 1386), lord of Beaupré; ⚭ with Cunégonde from Beauffremont.
         1. Aubert of Joinville († ~ 1415), lord of Beaupré; ⚭ with Agatha from Grand.
            1. Mathilde von Joinville († after 1440), mistress of Beaupré; ⚭ with Karl von Haraucourt.
            2. Joan of Joinville; ⚭ with Gerhard IV of Pulligny.
      2. Anselm von Joinville († ~ 1378), Lord of Bonney; ⚭ with Agatha von Pulligny.
         1. Andrew II of Joinville († ~ 1420), Lord of Bonney; ⚭ with Johanna von Bourlémont.
         2. Joan of Joinville; ⚭ with Johann IV. Von Salm (X 1431) ( Salm House ).

The descendants of Gottfried von Joinville / Geoffrey de Geneville

1. Gottfried von Joinville / Geoffrey de Geneville († 1314), Lord of Vaucouleurs and Trim , Lord of Meath , Justiciar of Ireland, 1st Baron Geneville; ⚭ with Maud de Lacy.
   1. Gottfried von Joinville (died young).
   2. Piers de Geneville († ~ 1292), Lord of Ludlow and Walterstone; ⚭ with Johanna von Lusignan († 1323), a daughter of Hugos XII. of Lusignan , Count of La Marche .
      1. Joan de Geneville (February 2, 1286, † October 19, 1356), heiress to Meath, Walterstone, Ludlow and Trim, 2nd Baroness Geneville; ⚭ with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (1287-1330).
      2. Maud de Geneville, nun in Aconbury Abbey .
      3. Beatrice de Geneville, nun in Aconbury Abbey.
   3. Walter of Joinville (X 1304), Lord of Vaucouleurs.
   4. John I of Joinville († after 1334), Lord of Vaucouleurs; ⚭?.
      1. John II of Joinville († after 1319), lord of Vaucouleurs, which he exchanged around 1335; ⚭ with Margarete von Plancy.
         1. Anselm von Joinville († after 1359), lord of Méry-sur-Seine.
         2. Amadeus (Amé) of Joinville, lord of Méry-sur-Seine; ⚭?.
            1. Johann Joinville, Lord of Lachy.
            2. Margaret of Joinville († after July 1416), mistress of Méry-sur-Seine, ⚭ with Hugo VI. von Amboise († 1406), lord of Chaumont.
            3. Isabella of Joinville, mistress of Étrelles; ⚭ 1. with Johann von Saarbrücken, Herr von Commercy and Venisy ( House Broyes ); ⚭ 2. with Karl von Châtillon.
      2. Erhard von Joinville († ~ 1356), Lord of Doulevant; ⚭ with Hélouis.
         1. John I of Joinville († ~ 1359), Lord of Doulevant and Villiers-aux-Chênes.
            1. Johann II of Joinville († after 1390), Lord of Doulevant.
            2. Johanna von Joinville († after 1395), mistress of Doulevant; ⚭ 1. with Wilhelm von Saux; ⚭ 2. with Jakob von Hans.
         2. Margaret of Joinville, with Hugo von Amboise, Lord of La Maisonfort.
      3. Nicole from Joinville; ⚭ with Philippe Fourrée, Lord of Thérouenne.
   5. Simon von Joinville († after 1329), ⚭ with Jeanne Fitzlyon.
      1. Nicolas de Joinville († 1324), buried in Trim Abbey.
   6. Nikolaus von Joinville / Niccolò de Jamvilla († after 1336), Lord of Morancourt and Miglionico , Regent of Naples.
   7. Wilhelm von Joinville († probably 1322), Lord of Beauregard .
   8. Johanna von Joinville, ⚭ with Johann I , Count von Salm ( Salm House ).

literature

• Natalis de Wailly, Jean sire de Joinville: Histoire de Saint Louis, Credo et lettre à Louis X. Paris, 1874.
• Henri-François Delaborde, Jean de Joinville et les seigneurs de Joinville suivi d'un catalog de leurs actes. Paris, 1894.

Remarks

1. ↑ Cf. Maxe-Werly, Leon, Tombeau d'un sire de Sailly de la maison de Joinville conservé au Musée de Bar-le-Duc. Paris, 1890.
2. ↑ See Variorum Epistolæ IX, in: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France , Vol. 10 (1874), p. 495.
3. ↑ See Variorum Epistolæ XLII, in: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, Vol. 10 (1874), p. 613.
4. ↑ See Delaborde, Henri-François, Recherches critiques sur les premiers seigneurs de Joinville, in: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, vol. 51 (1890). Pp. 618-629.
5. ↑ See Wailly, pp. 544-547.
6. ↑ Cf. Chiàntera, Raffaele, Intorno alla regalis curia e al reggente Niccolò de Jamvilla, in: Archivio storico pugliese, Vol. 5 (1952), pp. 251-264.

See also

• List of the Lords and Princes of Joinville

Web links

• SEIGNEURS de JOINVILLE at fmg.ac