Joseph Schwarzmann

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The apse of the Speyer Cathedral designed by Johann von Schraudolph and Joseph Schwarzmann ; Destroyed in 1960. Schraudolph only created the large fresco figures, everything else comes from Schwarzmann.
Detail of Schwarzmann decorations in Speyer Cathedral, destroyed in 1960
Speyer Cathedral: 2 monumental frescoes by Johann Schraudolph, framed in the decorative painting by Joseph Schwarzmann; destroyed in 1960
Dining room in Ludwigshöhe Palace with Pompeian decorative paintings by Joseph Schwarzmann

Joseph Schwarzmann (also Joseph Anton Schwarzmann ; born February 1, 1806 in Prutz , Tyrol , † July 18, 1890 in Munich ) was a Tyrolean ornament and decoration painter who was particularly encouraged by King Ludwig I (Bavaria) and mainly in Bavaria worked.

Live and act

Origin and apprenticeship time

Joseph Schwarzmann was born as the son of the married couple Anton Schwarzmann and Maria. Dilitz was born in Prutz and grew up there. His earliest memories of his own were the battles of the Tyroleans under Andreas Hofer against Bavaria and the French in 1809. Schwarzmann's father fought on the side of the rebels and his house was burned down.

Joseph Schwarzmann's oldest friends and supporters included Prelate Alois Flir and law professor Johannes Schuler, both of whom were extensive relatives.

At the age of 14 he left home and began an apprenticeship in Munich, with the decorative painter Anton Schönherr , who was also related . There he also attended the Royal Art Academy , where Heinrich Maria von Hess became one of his teachers. In the meantime he went on a hike to Vienna and came back to Munich to support Schönherr when he received an order to decorate the Hofgarten arcades built by Leo von Klenze .

Painter in the circle of the Bavarian king

In the same way as with the arcades, Anton Schönherr worked with Klenze on the design of the All Saints Court Church . Here the master himself had done the ornament painting in the lower area. Schönherr was supposed to decorate the higher church areas, but found it difficult to adapt to Klenze's style. Therefore, in 1838 he ceded the commission to his student and relative Joseph Schwarzmann. He carried out the work with such great skill that both Leo von Klenze and the royal general inspector of art monuments Friedrich von Gärtner were enthusiastic about it. Hyacinth Holland writes about this in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie , 1891: “Schwarzmann grasped the idea that Gärtner's bubbling spirit only thrown down in this way with congenial understanding, varied it like a fugue in the surprising play of form and colors and competed with luster and shimmer for the plastic To help thoughts to be perfectly expressed without overgrowing or impairing them. Schwarzmann remained Gärtner's constant companion; He provided the decorations for the Kursalon in Kissingen, the two Pinakotheken , the university , the Ludwig Church and the atrium of the Court and State Library . "

King Ludwig I also became aware of Joseph Schwarzmann through Friedrich von Gärtner and supported him by financing study trips a. a. 1839/40 to Rome , Naples and Pompeii . Schwarzmann finally traveled to Athens with Gärtner to decorate the royal residence (today's parliament building). For the most part, it was only after Gärtner's death in 1847 that Schwarzmann decorated his “ Pompejanum ” in Aschaffenburg .

Between 1846 and 1853 Joseph Schwarzmann painted the Speyer Cathedral together with the Nazarene Johann von Schraudolph . King Ludwig I personally selected both artists. Schraudolph created the large figurative frescoes, Schwarzmann the wonderful decorative painting, which really made the frescoes stand out. For both artists, the painting of the Speyer Cathedral is seen as their main work. King Maximilian II - a rather sober monarch - said after the completion that he had looked at the pictures in the Speyer Cathedral at any time of day and in all light conditions, he knew of no more beautiful church than this. The ornament painter himself used to calculate his work in the Speyer Cathedral because of the enormous area in daily work , of which he had adorned four and a half in this building with decorative patterns, including approx. 3000 square meters with golden, strictly stylistic decorations. At the end of the work, the city of Speyer awarded both cathedral painters honorary citizenship on February 5, 1853.

The main synagogue in Mannheim , as well as many rooms of the Munich residence , were also decorated by Johann Schwarzmann. During his lifetime he was considered the most talented and most famous ornament and decoration painter in Bavaria; today he is completely forgotten. Most of his works of art were lost in the hail of bombs of World War II , the main work in Speyer Cathedral, which survived the war completely unscathed, was deliberately destroyed in 1960 as a result of art performances that were already outdated. Imaginative decorations by Schwarzmann have been preserved in the Aschaffenburg Pompejanum . He created very similar ones in Ludwigshöhe Palace near Edenkoben , which also outlasted time and are currently among the special treasures there. The Fürstensaal of the Bad Kissingen train station with Schwarzmann's stucco decorations and ornamental paintings has recently been restored, as well as the Brunnhaus Chapel of the Old Saline in Bad Reichenhall and the Russian Church (Baden-Baden) with well-preserved paintings by the artist. For Weyhern Castle (municipality of Egenhofen ) he created the decorative paintings on the occasion of the renovations in 1848.

His decorative motifs were mainly influenced by classical, Byzantine and neo-Gothic forms. Sometimes Hellenistic-Pompeian patterns or style elements of the early Renaissance were also used.

“Memorial Hall” , Philadelphia , the most famous building by the son Hermann Joseph Schwarzmann

Private life and environment

The painters Leo von Klenze, Peter von Cornelius and Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld were among the close friends with whom Schwarzmann also interacted privately. He valued the sociability and founded the so-called "Schnakengesellschaft" as a kind of regulars' table with art-loving citizens during his creative period in Speyer . As an active Catholic, the artist was a member of the administrative council of the Munich parish of St. Ludwig. In 1885, King Ludwig II awarded him the Bavarian Order of St. Michael . Schwarzmann was a member of the Munich Association for Christian Art . He died in Munich in 1890.

Joseph Schwarzmann's son Hermann Joseph Schwarzmann (1846–1891) was a well-known landscape designer and architect in the USA. His most famous work is the "Memorial Hall" in Philadelphia , which was built for the 1876 ​​World's Fair .

The Worms painter Peter Muth (1828–1904), father of Fritz Muth (1865–1943), was one of Joseph Schwarzmann's students.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John Maass: The Glorious Enterprise: The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 and HJ Schwarzmann, Architect-in-chief , p. 52 ( Google Snippet )
  2. ↑ To Johannes Schuler
  3. ↑ Advertisement by the Munich decorative painter Anton Schönherr, in: Königlich-Baierischer Polizey-Anzeiger or Kundschafts-Blatt von München, 1822, p. 449 ( digitized version )
  4. ↑ On the painting of the Hofgarten arcades
  5. ↑ Erika Simon: The Pompeianum in Aschaffenburg , in: Writings on art history . Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3515081127 , p. 261 ( Google Snippet )
  6. ↑ Nikolaus Lauer: "The Dommaler" in " Der Pilger ", No. 5, of December 30, 1945
  7. ↑ Karl-Heinz Rothenberger: Palatine History, Volume 2, page unknown ( Google snippet )
  8. ↑ On Schwarzmann's work in the Fürstensaal of the Bad Kissingen train station  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.badkissingen.de  
  9. ^ On the design of the Bad Reichenhall saltworks chapel by Joseph Schwarzmann
  10. ↑ Clemens Kieser: Art and cultural monuments in the Rastatt district and in Baden-Baden , Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3806215995 , p. 84 ( Google Snippet )
  11. ↑ Karl-Heinz Rothenberger: Palatinate History, Volume 2, Page 327 ( Google Snippet )
  12. ^ To the office in the church administration of St. Ludwig Munich
  13. ^ Association for Christian Art in Munich (ed.): Festgabe in memory of the 50th year. Anniversary. Lentner'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Munich 1910, p. 88f.
  14. ^ Website about the son Hermann Joseph Schwarzmann ( Memento from October 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Schwarzmann, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schwarzmann, Joseph Anton (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian ornament and decoration painter
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1806
PLACE OF BIRTH Prutz
DATE OF DEATH July 18, 1890
Place of death Munich