Kažnjenička bojna
|
Kažnjenička bojna |
|
|---|---|
 Main department sleeve badge |
|
| active | 1991 to 1994 |
| Country |
 Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna
|
| Armed forces |
 Hrvatsko vijeće obrane (HVO)
|
| Armed forces | army |
| Branch of service | infantry |
| Type | Special unit |
| structure | 1 main department with 10 subdivisions (from 1994) |
| Strength | 846 men, with subdivisions (November 1993) |
| Location | Široki Brijeg ( Herzegovina ) |
| Origin of the soldiers | Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Europe , overseas |
| Nickname | Tutina Kažnjenička bojna Tutići Kažnjenici Tuta ekipa |
| Trunk number | 1717 |
| Butcher |
Bosnian War :
Operation "Lipanjske zore" (1992) |
| commander | |
| Commander | Mladen Naletilić |
The Kažnjenička bojna (convict battalion), KB for short , was a special military unit of the Croatian Defense Council (HVO) during the Bosnian War . The headquarters were in the tobacco factory in Široki Brijeg ( Herzegovina ).
The name was chosen because the unit was set up by people who had been politically persecuted and imprisoned in communist Yugoslavia . The name was also intended to deter the enemy who faced actual or supposed "convicts".
The members of the KB were volunteers and usually ethnic Croats , rarely also Muslim Bosniaks . Americans, English, Danes and Germans (including Alexander Neidlein , Franz Kunst, Stefan Rays, Ralf Mrachacz and Falk Simang) also served in the unit.
history
The KB is said to have been founded on April 15, 1991 by the four Croatian emigrants Mladen "Tuta" Naletilić (born December 1, 1946), Ivan Andabak , Ludvig Pavlović and Ivan Tolić . It was set up on June 1, 1991 by Naletilić, who was also the military commander of the unit, which was initially only 40-50 men strong.
In 1991 the KB fought against the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), the Army of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (SVK), Serbian paramilitary units and the Serbian Volunteer Guard in the Croatian War . When the fighting spread to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992 , the KB joined the HVO and was placed under the direct command of the General Staff.
In June 1992 the KB was involved with other Croatian units in the fighting over the city of Mostar and the Neretva Valley . In the course of these fighting, the region was liberated by the Serbian military in the "Lipanjske zore" ("Dawn of June") military operation.
On August 9, 1992, 15 KB soldiers were involved in the murder of Blaž Kraljević , the military commander in chief of the HOS . The murder was allegedly initiated by Naletilić.
After the outbreak of the Bosnian-Croatian conflict, units of the HVO , including the KB, attacked the villages of Sovići and Doljani (near Jablanica ) on April 17, 1993 and carried out ethnic cleansing .
From May 9, 1993, the KB participated, again with other units of the HVO, in the fight against the army of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Mostar, as well as in the following several months of siege, the intensive shelling and the blockade of humanitarian aid in the Muslim eastern part of the city .
A large part of the KB was eventually converted into the 22nd sabotage unit ( 22nd Diverzantski odred ) and remained subordinate to the HVO headquarters as a special unit. In October 1995 this unit had 318 members, including 269 infantrymen, 27 NCOs and 22 officers. The 22nd Diverzantski odred joined the 2nd Guard Brigade of the HVO ( 2. Gardijska brigada HVO-a ) in 1995 , which had already been involved in the fighting against the Bosnian-Herzegovinian army near Uskoplje / Prozor-Rama in Bosnia in January 1994 .
Organization (around 1993)
The military structure of the KB changed five times, in coordination with restructuring within the entire HVO. The KB was initially divided into four small commando units , later into even smaller so-called anti - terror units ( Antiteroristička jedinica - ATJ, also Antiteroristička grupa - ATG). Each of these units had a different command post .
|
Kažnjenička bojna
|
|
ATJ "Vinko Škrobo" (formerly "Mrmak", until mid-1993)
|
||
|
ATJ "Baja Kraljević"
|
|
|
ATJ "Benko Penavić" | |
|
ATJ "Goran Spajić" | |
|
ATJ "Marinko Marušić" - Inženjerija Herceg-Bosne (formerly "Inženjerija")
|
|
|
ATJ "Martin Bebek" (formerly "Sokolovi", "Hrvatska legija časti")
|
|
|
ATJ "Miljenko Bašić"
|
|
|
ATJ "Stanko Zlomislić" (formerly also "Stanko Zlomislić-Ciciban")
|
|
|
ATJ "Želja Bošnjak"
|
|
ATJ "Boka Barbarić"
|
||
ATJ "Kruško"
|
equipment
At the beginning of 1994 the following equipment was requested from the Ministry of Defense of Croatia for an anti-terrorist group of 60 men ( komando grupe " BUSOVAČA " ) :
- 60 complete uniforms, in duplicate ( camouflage and green)
- 60 Heckler & Koch MP5
- 60 M16 rifles AR2
- 60 pistols caliber 9 mm , brand Heckler & Koch
- 60 knives for units of special police, brand Gerber Legendary Blades ( Portland )
- 60 kevlar vests
- 60 walkie-talkies with headphones
- 60 backpacks with metal buckles
- 60 pairs of mountain boots ( breathable synthetic textile )
- 60 pieces of "Chinese wire"
- 10 tear gas rifles
- 60 respirators
- 60 black suits (uniforms)
- 60 combat vests
- 1 satellite radio
- 60 compasses
- 120 sports suits
- 60 lightweight running shoes (Sprinter)
- 100 black berets
- 2 helicopters with 25 seats each
- Approval of money to buy 10 off-road vehicles (80,000 Deutsche Mark )
- 60 infrared - night vision ( binocular )
- 3 sniper rifles caliber 12.7 , brand McMillan Brothers Rifle Company
- 6 Zastava M76 sniper rifles
Personalities
- Stanislav "Baja" Kraljević (1970–1992), born in Mokro , to Široki Brijeg. Kraljević returned from Austria, where he had lived and worked , at the beginning of the Croatian War. As a member of the Croatian Army a . a. participated in the Battle of Dubrovnik . Fallen on June 11, 1992 in the "Lipanjske zore" military operation, when conquering the " Heliodrome " in Mostar- Rodoč; today part of the barracks "Stanislav Baja Kraljević" of the 1st Infantry (Guard) Regiment of the Armed Forces of Bosnia-Herzegovina (1st pješačke (gardijske) pukovnije OS BiH). After his death, a subdivision of the Kažnjenička bojna was named after Kraljević. Today there is a monument on the barracks that shows his portrait.
- Stanko "Baja" Sopta (* 1966), born in Dužice , to Široki Brijeg. As a former member of the Kažnjenička bojna, he was proposed for higher posts and promoted to the rank of General of the Croatian Defense Council (HVO). Later also General of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (as such now retired) and politician ( HDZ BiH ).
Songs
Two songs were published for Kažnjenička bojna during the Bosnian War: “ Čuvaj Tuta Mostar ” (Tuta forbid Mostar!) And “ Kažnjenička bojna Tutina ” ( Tuta's convict battalion ).
| Croatian text Kažnjenička bojna Tutina |
German translation of Tuta's convict battalion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Web links
- Stanislav “Baja” Kraljević (film from June 11, 1992 (anniversary of his death), music: “Kažnjenička bojna Tutina”) on YouTube
- Article on the 20th anniversary of the death of Stanislav "Baja" Kraljević. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012 ; Retrieved January 2, 2013 .
literature
- Agilolf Keßelring: The historical analysis of paramilitary units as a challenge for recent military history using the example of command responsibility in the crumbling Yugoslavia . In: Military History Journal . tape 77 , issue 2. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Munich 2018, Široki Brijeg as a hub? Šušak, Praljak and the »Convict Battalion« (Kažnjenička bojna), p. 415–457 , here 443 ff. , Doi : 10.1515 / mgzs-2018-0082 .
swell
- Judgment of the International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the Naletilić / Martinović cases of March 31, 2003. (PDF; 847 kB) Retrieved January 25, 2013 .
- Karlo Rotim: Obrana Herceg-Bosne [The Defense of Herceg-Bosna] . tape 2 . Široki Brijeg 1998.
- Nacional, January 15, 2002 (Croatian). Retrieved January 25, 2013 .
- BIM.ba Radić i ostali: Nadležnost bojni (Croatian). Archived from the original on November 8, 2009 ; Retrieved January 2, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sold List for November 1993. (PDF) (Not available online.) Archived from the original on March 5, 2016 ; accessed on March 24, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Judgment of the International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the cases Naletilić / Martinović of March 31, 2003, p. 29. (PDF; 847 kB) Accessed June 8, 2015 .
- ^ Letter from the Ministry of Defense of the Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna, signed by Ivan Andabak. Široki Brijeg, October 27, 1995, register no. 1790-17 / 95-11. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 24, 2014 ; accessed on March 24, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ statement from Vinko "Stela" Martinovic summoned before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Protocol of 11 September 2001, p 1981, line 10-15. Retrieved April 12, 2013 .
- ↑ Karlo Rotim: Široki Brijeg . Self-published, Široki Brijeg 1994, p. 377 .
- ^ Letter from the KB of January 24, 1994, signed by Mladen "Tuta" Naletilić and Ivan Andabak. Široki Brijeg, register no. 1717-01 / 1-17 / 94. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 24, 2014 ; accessed on March 24, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
