Karl Türk (legal historian)

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Karl Turk

Karl Friedrich Johann Immanuel Türk , in contemporary writings also Carl Türk or Türck (* March 12, 1800 in Muchow ; † February 27, 1887 in Lübeck ) was a German legal historian and politician.

Life

Karl Türk was a son of the later Protestant pastor in Muchow Karl (Immanuel) Adolf Türk (1761–1802), who had worked as a collaborator at the Fridericianum Schwerin from 1789 to 1799 , and the hunter's daughter Maria Gustava Amalia, née. Koewe (1776-1849). After the early death of her husband († March 19, 1802), she was given the position of chambermaid with Ulrike Sophie zu Mecklenburg , the aunt of (Grand) Duke Friedrich Franz I in Schwerin.

After graduating from high school in Schwerin, he began to study law, history, philology and philosophy at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in the winter semester of 1818/19 . He became a member of the Old Breslau Burschenschaft . His teachers were August Wilhelm Förster and Ludwig Wachler . After a year he moved to the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität , where he heard Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier and Ernst Moritz Arndt . He spent the third year of study from the winter semester 1820/21 at the home university of Rostock . As in Breslau and Bonn, he joined the Burschenschaft union in Rostock generality of. With a treatise on the Nibelungenlied , he received his doctorate in philosophy in March 1822.

Teaching

After a brief activity as a private teacher in Schwerin, he returned to Rostock the following year and earned his doctorate in law with a treatise on the duel in French law. In 1824 he completed his habilitation in Rostock with a thesis on Roland statues and at Easter 1826 became associate professor at the law faculty. In 1831/32 Fritz Reuter took a lecture with him.

Türk published a series of legal historical studies and was promoted to full professor of history on March 29, 1836, with a transfer to the philosophical faculty. He read about general history, the theory of history, ancient history, the Germania of Tacitus, history of the Middle Ages, German source history, the historians of the Saxon and Frankish imperial periods, German history with special regard to laws and the constitution, history of the German people, Danish history to 1240, recent and recent history, the constitutions of Spain, England and North America, history of the English constitution, geography, antiquities, history and internal state of the United North American States, the nature and purpose of the state, and the states of France (in the summer semester 1845), the politics of 1789 and 1848; also on politics (in general) and on the encyclopedia of political science.

Political activity and persecution

From April 1847 onwards, he was responsible for two volumes of the liberal “Mecklenburgische Blätter”, the mouthpiece of the reform movement in Mecklenburg Vormärz , as editor.

In the revolution in Mecklenburg (1848) , Türk was one of the main leaders of the Democrats. As a representative of the 27th Mecklenburg-Schwerin constituency Grabow - at the same time he had been elected in Rostock, but had rejected here - he belonged to the constituent Mecklenburg Chamber of Deputies and was one of the 14 members of its constitutional committee. He was also elected to the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Chamber of Deputies from 1850 by the second constituency of the 12th constituency (Rostock).

In keeping with the idea of ​​the fraternity, he joined the Germanist Christian Wilbrandt and the theologian Julius Wiggers for a German republic. Because of his involvement in the revolutionary events of 1848/1949, the three university professors were dismissed from university service by the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II on July 7, 1852 : “I am dismissing you because you are involved in the movements of modern times in theirs lively involved in revolutionary relationships ... and set the most pernicious example of the youth. "

At Easter 1853, Türk was involved in the high treason trial in Rostock . For more than three and a half years he sat in Bützow in custody ; for attempted high treason he was finally sentenced in November 1856 to one year imprisonment, with which he also lost the pension he had been granted until now. He was almost a dead man since then, though he was still alive for over thirty years. After trying in vain in various places to create a new field of activity, he went to Lübeck in 1860, where he lived by journalistic work.

family

Türk was married twice. From his first marriage came a son of the same name, Carl Türk , who lived as a doctor in Lübeck and was a friend of Emanuel Geibel . He died on November 22, 1890 as senior staff doctor a. D. and Stadtphysicus . Eva Türk , who also works as a novelist, was Wolf Ernst Hugo Emil von Baudissin's first wife , and the naval officer Titus Türk came from his marriage to the novelist Emmy Eschricht . Another son, Hermann Türk, emigrated to the USA . During the Civil War he served as a first lieutenant in the Northern Army; a serious wound in the battle of Pea Ridge on March 8, 1862 led to his blindness. He returned to Lübeck with an honorary pension from the Congress. One daughter, Luise Türk (* 1831), married the Mecklenburg administrative lawyer Robert Balck .

North America Collection

For his lectures on the history and constitution of the United States , Türk put together a collection that included in particular contemporary writings on the North American Revolution and several of the famous letter books on North America, as well as some special maps of North America published in Weimar. In September 1842 he donated the collection of 104 works in 129 volumes to the Rostock University Library .

Works

  • De singulari certamine vulgo duello, cui est Francogallicarum legum ratio subjecta.
  • Notes on the research into the origin of the Ripuarian and Salian laws. In: “Freimüthiges Abendblatt”, Schwerin 1822, No. 245.
  • De statuis Rolandinis. 1824.
  • First words to my audience as an introduction to my lectures on German legal history .
  • Research in the field of history. 5 volumes:
I. About the Visigothic Code, with a lithographic illustration. 1828
II. 1) Old Burgundy and its popular law.
2) Study and sources of German history.
3) Six letters from my life. (autobiographical reports!) 1829
III. 1) Critical history of the Franks up to Clovis's death.
2) The Salfränkische Volksrecht, with a lithographic sample. 1830
IV. History of the Longobard people and law until 774. 1834
V. 1) Old Friesland and its people's law.
2) The Danish historical sources. 1835
  • [With Hermann Karsten:] Invitation to found a scientific educational institute for adults of the female sex in Rostock. 1831.
  • Historical-dogmatic lectures on German private law: ramifications, sources, systems of the same. 1832.
  • Historical studies.
I. Spain - and the monuments of its history to 711 AD 1841
II. The United States of North America. 1843
  • [Anonymous:] The family fideicommiss, a memorandum on the Mecklenburg Landtag. 1845
  • The revision of the so-called high treason process in Rostock. 1866. 2nd edition: 1867.

literature

Web links

Commons : Karl Türk (legal historian)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wedding on October 19, 1793 in (Bad) Doberan.
  2. ↑ Registration of Karl Türk in the Rostock matriculation portal
  3. ↑ Doctorate from Karl Türk in the Rostock matriculation portal
  4. ↑ List according to ADB
  5. ↑ ADB, p. 722
  6. ^ Entry in the handbook of historical book holdings , accessed on March 28, 2009
personal data
SURNAME Turk, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Türk, Karl Friedrich Johann Immanuel (full name); Türk, Carl; Türck, Carl; Türck, Carl Friedrich Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German legal scholar, historian and politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Muchow
DATE OF DEATH February 27, 1887
Place of death Lübeck