Kassel (Biebergemünd)

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kassel
Biebergemünd municipality
Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 27 ″  N , 9 ° 16 ′ 43 ″  E
Height : 150 m
Area : 22.37 km²
Residents : 2445
Population density : 109 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : September 1, 1970
Postal code : 63599
Area code : 06050

Kassel is part of the municipality of Biebergemünd in the Main-Kinzig district in Hesse . Colloquially it is also called Besenkassel .

Kassel is on the B 276 in the Biebertal in the Hessian part of the Spessart .

history

Church of St. Johannes Nepomuk in Kassel

Finds show that people were already on the heights near Kassel during the Würm Period . The oldest civilization building is the Celtic ring wall Alteburg , which, according to the latest findings, dates from the 6th century BC.

The first written mention of Kassel dates from the year 976. Here it is donated to the " St. Peter and Alexander " monastery in Aschaffenburg by the German Emperor Otto II . In this document, Kassel is still called Cassela . The place name is derived from Castella and refers to the Alteburg in the district. The history of Kassel has been closely linked to that of the Wirtheim over the centuries . Wirtheim and Kassel were considered to be the main transshipment point for goods obtained from mining in the upper Biebergrund.

After centuries in which Kassel was more or less co-administered from Wirtheim, the place slowly emerged from its shadow around 1550. It is recorded that this year 400 acres of new land was cleared for 100 families.

In the second half of the 16th century, Archbishop Daniel Brendel von Homburg pursued the Counter-Reformation in the Mainz territory , to which Kassel and Wirtheim belonged at that time . Since the towns of Wirtheim, Kassel, Höchst and Orb are in the outermost border area of ​​Mainz influence, they are surrounded by Protestant villages and the town of Gelnhausen, which converted to Protestantism in 1543 . On July 14, 1628 there was a scandal: The Orber pastor Valentin Schick moved with parishioners from Orb, Kassel and Wirtheim to Gelnhausen to demonstrate with the local Franciscans , flanked by a rifle guild. The Gelnhausen citizens then protested to the Archbishop of Mainz on the basis of the Augsburg religious peace . However, due to the Thirty Years' War , the investigation fizzled out.

In 1631 the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf occupied Mainz and gave Wirtheim and Kassel to Count Philipp Moritz von Hanau . Since the Hanau has to struggle with itself after the war, the locations remain on their own. After the battle of Lützen in 1632, imperial troops came to the Kinzig valley. The Croats plundered Wirtheim and Kassel under Octavio Piccolomini and brought the plague with them, from which 60% of the population died. As a result, the region's economic life comes to an almost complete standstill.

In 1649 the Count Wirtheim and Kassel returned to the Archbishop of Mainz. After another plague epidemic in 1667/68, the population was further decimated. For this reason, the pastor Christian Fuchs from Wirtheim , who comes from Tyrol , brings numerous people from his home to the town in order to settle them there; some of the Tyrolean surnames are still present today: Schmank, Riesbeck and Desch. This turned out to be an enormous stroke of luck for the citizens of Kassel, as the Tyroleans brought solid craftsmanship with them to the town and strengthened it economically, while the neighboring inn continues to lose influence after the looting of French soldiers. Particularly noteworthy are the learning of broom making, dairy farming and beekeeping. In the following years, numerous mills were built in the Kasselgrund in a very short time (Günthersmühle, Lohmühle, Riethmühle, Obermühle).

Another indication of the shift in importance from Wirtheim to Kassel is the fact that the last Mainz Vogt Wirtheim was buried in Kassel in 1668/69 (his epitaph still exists today as part of the wall of the St. Johannes Nepomuk Church ). It is believed that he spent his last years in office in Kassel.

In 1755 the Kassel parish finally separates from the mother church in Wirtheim and receives its own chaplaincy . The plans for the construction of a new church begin immediately . The fact that such an expensive construction was started in 1789 during an economically difficult time allows conclusions to be drawn about the prosperity of the place.

After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Kassel, along with Wirtheim, Orb and Aschaffenburg, fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1866, following the defeat of Austria at the Battle of Königgrätz, it was linked to Prussia . A considerable building project was pursued in 1870/71: In order to ensure the water supply for the city of Frankfurt am Main , a pipeline system in Kasselgrund was led from 4 sources over a distance of 60 km into the city without a pumping system, solely by gravity. Even today, 10% of Frankfurt's water requirements are met from sources in the North Spessart (Kassel and Bieber) and the Vogelsberg ( Fischborn ). The water needs 2 days to cover the entire distance.

Also in 1870 Kassel received a fountain called Hungerborn , which was built on the spot where the old town hall stood until shortly before. As early as 1912, however, the well was removed and a total water supply set up. In 1920 the demolition of the town hall begins. In its place was a war memorial in 1926, which can still be found there today.

The narrow-gauge Spessart Railway was put into operation in 1885 to promote ore mining in the Biebertal . It led from Gelnhausen train station to Lochborn. In this way, the brooms made in the village could be sold to Frankfurt. The colloquial name Besenkassel comes from this time . In 1951 the railway ceased operations. Part of the railway line has been preserved as a hiking and cycling path.

In 1908 Kassel was the first village in the Gelnhausen district to have electricity supplied by the Schum sawmill.

On September 27, 1944, a heavy air mine fell on Kassel, damaging the roof of the church. More bombs fall on February 22nd, 1945: 2 houses are destroyed and 5 people, including 2 children, are killed. In addition, the church is affected again, and the tower clock stops exactly at 2 o'clock.

The Easter mass in 1945 is celebrated in the open field at the end of the Haitzbachgrund, as Kassel, Wirtheim and Höchst are under enemy fire. At this point today there is a Marian grotto with the text: “Mother's hands, mild and good, guarded the village's life, kept us from fire and death, from the anger of the evil enemy. Mary protect us, your blessing; make us strong in every need ”.

In the course of administrative reform in Hesse on 1 September 1970, the previously independent municipalities Kassel and Wirtheim were merged to Biebergemuend together .

The area of ​​the former municipality of Kassel was 22.37 km².

dialect

The connection between Wirtheim and Kassel that has existed for centuries is also reflected in the dialect development of both places. The Kässeler and Wirtheimer Platt are spoken there .

The use of the dialect has been in decline for decades. Author Irmgard Becker tries to preserve this knowledge in volumes of poetry and non-fiction books.

Culture and sights

Buildings

See: List of cultural monuments in Kassel

Club life

  • Musikverein Kassel 1965 eV
  • Original Kasseler Musikanten 1974 eV
  • Choral society Harmonie Kassel
  • Choral society Liederkranz Kassel
  • German Red Cross Biebergemünd
  • Kassel volunteer fire brigade
  • TSV 08 Kassel
  • Motorsport Club Kassel / Spessart
  • Green / white tennis club
  • Behse Kässeler

Regular events

Numerous festivals and sporting events take place in the town every year:

  • Kässeler Kirb
  • Parish festival of St. Johannes Nepomuk
  • Kässeler Zelt-Nachkirb
  • Mill Festival
  • Well festival
  • Village festival
  • Fishing festival
  • Motocross event of the MSC Kassel / Spessart
  • Bratfest of the KAB
  • Bratfest of the Musikverein 1965 Kassel

Infrastructure

Important buildings, facilities and sights

education

  • Alteburg School (primary school)
  • Alteburg School (secondary and secondary school)
  • catholic kindergarten Kassel
  • catholic public library

Personalities who have worked on site

Web links

Commons : Kassel  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.biebergemuend.de/seite/de/spessart/0454:38/tn_38/Zahlen_Daten_und_Fakten.html
  2. ↑ Colloquial name of the Biebergemünder district Kassel ( Memento from April 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ 1000 years of Kassel and Wirtheim - published by the community of Biebergemünd on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary, with the participation of the Gelnhausen History Association; Printing house FW Kalbfleisch, Gelnhausen
  4. ↑ Merger of the municipalities of Kassel and Wirtheim in the Gelnhausen district to form the new municipality of "Biebergemünd" on August 17, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 35 , p. 1698 , point 1592 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.8 MB ]).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 362 .
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Official municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Final results after the census of September 13, 1950 (=  Statistics of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 33 ). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Cologne 1952, p. 105 ( digital version [PDF; 27.1 MB ]).