Maria Wörth church complex
The Maria Wörth church complex consists of the parish and former collegiate church, the smaller winter church, a Romanesque charnel house as well as the cemeteries and the three churchyard portals. It stands on a rocky peninsula on Lake Wörthersee , which was an island until 1770, when a connection between the church island and the mainland was created as a result of embankments and the lowering of the water level. The patronage of the parish church is the Assumption of Mary .
history
The place " Uweride " came between 875 and 883 in the possession of the diocese of Freising . An original parish and a mission center for Carinthia were created here as part of the Slavic mission of the San Candido monastery . A church first mentioned in a document in 894 was built under Bishop Waldo von Freising . The relics of the church patrons Primus and Felicianus were transferred from Rome at an unknown time. Around 1146, Bishop Otto von Freising established a collegiate foundation with a provost and five, later six canon foundations. This could have been the reason for the rebuilding of the church, which was consecrated in 1155. In 1399 a severe fire damaged the church. After Maria Wörth had sunk into a sinecure , a benefice without official business, Emperor Maximilian I handed the church over to the Order of St. George in Millstatt in 1529 . In 1598 it was taken over by the Graz Jesuits . With the handover to the Jesuit order, the second oldest provost's office in Carinthia ceased to exist, as the Jesuits did not have any such institutions. When Pope Clement XIV banned the Jesuit order in 1773 , Maria Wörth became a secular parish, which in 1808 was placed under the patronage of the Benedictines of Saint Paul . In 1973 the exterior was restored, and in 1991 the late Gothic architectural polychromy was restored.
Parish church
Building
The church building consists of a slender north tower, a high square nave with a wooden shingle hipped roof and a lower choir with a 5/8 end over a Romanesque crypt that was renovated in the 14th to 15th centuries . A side choir and a sacristy are added to the south . The slender tower with gables has two-part tracery windows and is crowned by a pointed helmet. The bells were cast by Georg Seiser in 1640.
The choir and the side walls of the nave are supported by multi-tiered buttresses . On the closed west wall there is a large Christopher fresco from 1658 and on the south wall remains of a 1930 restored Mount of Olives fresco with the year 1521.
On the north side of the nave there is a round-arched Gothic portal. The church is entered through the south portal. This Romanesque arched portal with cube-shaped capitals and steep bases, which was built around 1150, is made of marble and has an open roofed porch. To the right of the portal there is a sacrificial niche with the relief figure of St. Primus, a stonemason's mark and the year 1540.
The two-aisled and two- bay hall longhouse is separated by strong round pillars of unequal width. In the western part of the nave, particularly in the vault, was heavily modified in the 17th century. The two-bay main choir is raised by six steps by the crypt below. A gothic star rib vault extends over the choir in a bent row with painted keystones, which rests on profiled round services . The tall two and three-part tracery windows are fitted with glass from 1893.
A net rib vault spans the southern side choir and a four-diamond vault on the tower ground floor, which is used as a baptistery. The window niche on the tower's ground floor, arched with a delicate ribbed net, was originally intended to hold an altar or a statuette. The organ gallery is vaulted with basket and round arches and has a stone parapet in relief.
Below the main choir is the three- bay hall crypt with a burr cross vault on marble pillars with a square floor plan or wall pilasters. The frescoes from the 15th century on the walls of the crypt are poorly preserved, the tendril patterns in the vault were added in the 17th century.
Facility
High altar
The blue-gold-framed high altar dates from 1658 and in the central niche contains a late Gothic statue of grace of an enthroned Mary with child, created around 1460, which is surrounded on the outside by the statues of the church patrons Primus and Felician. The top picture shows the coronation of Mary and is flanked by the statues of Saints Catherine and Barbara . At the end of the altar is an IHS symbol between the Jesuit saints Ignatius and Francis Xavier .
pulpit
The richly furnished pulpit from 1771 is a highlight of the Baroque carving . It was originally located on the north wall, where access was via a staircase with a parapet that wound around the pillar. Today the pulpit is on the north side of the choir and can be reached through the stairs to the choir. The reliefs on the pulpit parapet depict the twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple ( Lk 2,41-52 EU ), the ascension of Christ and the handing over of the keys to Peter . The four evangelists sit on bulges on the parapet . The oval relief on the back wall of the pulpit shows Christ as the Good Shepherd . Pope Paul III is written on the cover . who sends out the kneeling Franz Xavier and Ignatius. One of the two putti hovering behind it is holding an open book. The sound cover is crowned by an IHS symbol with a halo of putti. The words "MALLEUS CONTERENS PETRAM EST VERBUM MEUM JER 23 1761" are written on a cartridge on the sound cover. This quote from Jeremiah 23:29 translates as: "My word is like a hammer that smashes rocks". A three-dimensional dove of the Holy Spirit is attached to the underside of the sound cover in a halo .
Further facility
On the north wall of the choir there is a picture of the grace of Our Lady in the style of Italian Trecento painting with a baroque frame. According to the inscription, it was donated by Provost Vorchtenau in 1469 and consecrated by Pope Paul II . At the northern choir service there is a statuette of a kneeling donor with a coat of arms from the early 16th century on a console. On the south wall of the choir hangs an oval picture of St. Joseph with child in a rich baroque frame from the middle of the 18th century. The tabernacle originally comes from the Sankt Anna bei Reifnitz church and was restored in 1995.
In the south side choir there is an eight-sided marble baptismal font from 1682, which was transferred from Millstatt. The angels on the wooden top represent symbols of impermanence . On the shield wall is the death shield of Ulrich Peuscher von Leonstein, who died in 1530, and his wife Elisabeth Waldekh.
On the west wall of the baptistery hang two late Gothic panel paintings, which originally come from a winged altar, on which the church teachers Hieronymus and Gregor are depicted. Below is a votive picture marked 1647 , which was donated on the occasion of salvation from a raft accident on the Drava . The cross altar with a late Gothic crucifix, made around 1740, is attached to the north wall. God the Father , the Holy Spirit and numerous putti float above the cross . Under the cross sits a mother of God pierced by seven swords .
The very slender south side altar from the middle of the 18th century contains a statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus by Konrad Campidell and the baroque carved figures of the church patron. The figure of St. Andrew on the western wall of the church is a fragment of an altar from the middle of the 18th century. An early Baroque Madonna in protective cloak stands on a popular carrying pole .
Winter church
The winter or rosary church is located a little lower west of the parish church. It is probably the Marienkirche consecrated in 1155 by Bishop Roman von Gurk . It was given the name "Winter Church" because the anniversaries of the saints who were venerated in it fell in winter.
The church building consists of a nave, a drawn-in rectangular choir with an easterly roof turret and a chapel room to the south. The small, originally flat-roofed square choir was given a burr cross vault at the beginning of the 16th century. The arched sacrificial niche to the right of the portal is marked 1524. Windows and the chapel and sacristy extensions also date from the Gothic period. A bell from the 14th century hangs in the roof turret with its baroque onion helmet.
The wall paintings in the choir square from the fourth quarter of the 12th century were exposed in 1895 and restored in 1969. They show a Pantocrator enthroned in a mandorla and twelve apostles in arcades crowned with turrets with a broad ribbon of palmette ornaments and a curtain plinth. In the course of the restoration, further frescoes were uncovered on the north wall of the nave and on the north triumphal arch wall. These frescoes, painted in the second quarter of the 14th century, are depictions of saints with ornamental base strips and remains of an inscription, as well as a crucifix with a cross in the window reveal. The stained glass in the choir east window with a Mary and Child was made around 1420/1430, the ogival windows in 1898. A Roman-era inscription fragment is attached to the church.
Facility
After the restoration in 1996, three altars from the 17th century were put up again on the north side. They consist of similar column or pilaster retables with gable attachments and differently shaped and framed upper images. The statues of Saints Apollonia and Lucia are depicted on the first altar as well as Saint Agatha in the upper picture , on the second the Gothic sculpture of Saint Valentine and in the upper picture the dove of the Holy Spirit. On the third altar is the Gothic statue of St. Nicholas , the top picture shows the Madonna. In the south chapel there is an altar with a rich wall retable with fleshy acanthus tendrils on the side . On it stands the figure of St. Nepomuk and in the upper picture the dove of the Holy Spirit is shown again.
On the left side of the triumphal arch there is a statue of Our Lady from the first half of the 15th century, on the opposite side a late Gothic lamentation group created around 1500 . In the southern chapel there is an early Gothic parament cabinet with fittings.
Karner
The late Romanesque Karner , consecrated in 1279, stands east of the parish church and is consecrated to Saints Catherine, Elisabeth and Magdalena . The two-storey rotunda is covered by a conical roof and has a Gothic portal from the 16th century with a wrought-iron lattice from 1742. The apse, which barely protrudes from the building, rests on a stepped console that tapers downwards. The vaulted basement is still used for subsequent burial, the upper floor is used as a mortuary.
Church portals
A portal marked with the year 1687 and a covered staircase leads to the parish church. A Madonna and Child and the Saints Primus and Felicianus are depicted in three painted niches on the portal with its framed stone walls. Two round-arched portals with shingle-covered gable roofs and each with a niche in the gable wall lead to the winter church. On the western portal from 1702 a Madonna, a dove of the Holy Spirit and Saints Nicholas and Valentine are depicted. In addition to a Marian monogram and tendrils, the eastern one shows a chronogram from 1705.
Rectory
The rectory is located southwest below the church group. The building, built between 1856 and 1862, with an attic storey and hipped roof, has a simple plaster structure with cornice strips, corner pilasters and window frames.
literature
- Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Carinthia . Anton Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , pp. 520-523.
- Matthias Kapeller: Churches, monasteries and culture - meeting places in Carinthia. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85378-539-5 , p. 123.
- Barbara Kienzl : The baroque pulpits in Carinthia. Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchivs, Klagenfurt 1986, ISBN 3-900531-16-1 , p. 326 f.
- Wilhelm Deuer, Johannes Grabmayer: Transromanica. On the trail of Romanesque in Carinthia, Kulturwanderungen Vol. 1. Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-7084-0302-1 , pp. 28, 116.
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 37 ′ 3.1 ″ N , 14 ° 9 ′ 52 ″ E