Kirtland (Ohio)
| Kirtland | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Location in Ohio
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| Basic data | |||
| Foundation : | 1796 | ||
| State : | United States | ||
| State : | Ohio | ||
| County : | Lake County | ||
| Coordinates : | 41 ° 36 ′ N , 81 ° 21 ′ W | ||
| Time zone : | Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 ) | ||
| Residents : | 6,670 (as of: 2000) | ||
| Population density : | 155.1 inhabitants per km 2 | ||
| Area : | 43.3 km 2 (approx. 17 mi 2 ) of which 43.0 km 2 (approx. 17 mi 2 ) are land |
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| Height : | 260 m | ||
| Postal code : | 44094 | ||
| Area code : | +1 440 | ||
| FIPS : | 39-40642 | ||
| GNIS ID : | 1064951 | ||
| Website : | kirtlandohio.com | ||
Kirtland is a city in Lake County in Ohio , United States . In 2000 the place had 6,670 inhabitants. Kirtland was the headquarters of the movement in the early days of Mormonism.
geography
Kirtland's geographic coordinates are 41 ° 36 ' N , 81 ° 20' W (41.602581, −81.344706).
According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 43.3 km², of which 43.0 km² is land and 0.3 km² (= 0.66%) is water.
Kirtland is located south of the shores of Lake Erie on the heights of the Allegheny Plateau . In the urban area are the East Branch Chagrin River , Pierson's Knob and Gildersleeve Mountain , which is the highest point in the urban area with a summit height of 355 m above sea level and towers 181 m above Lake Erie, which is about 11 km away in the northwest.
The original vegetation is sub-polar hardwood forests . Canadian hemlocks are found in the higher elevations, while maples predominate in the other areas. There are also some locations of tall hickory trees.
Kirtland is located in the Snowbelt on the south shore of Lake Erie. The amount of snowfall and climate are essentially the same as the nearby Chardon . In this region, the annual amount of snowfall is over 250 cm and in individual layers more than six meters of snow can fall.
Kirtland is primarily a residential area, but more than a fifth of the land area is forest reserve or nature park. The 3500 acre large Holden Arboretum is the largest protected area of it, but is not exclusively within Kirtland. The Lakeland Community College campus dominates the northern part of the urban area.
Demographics
At the time of the United States Census 2000, Kirtland was inhabited by 6,670 people. The population density was 401.8 people per km ². There were 2558 housing units at an average of 59.5 per km ². The Kirtland population was 98.47% White , 0.27% Black or African American , 0.15% Native American , 0.39% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.03% said other races belong to and 0.66% named two or more races. 0.55% of the population declared to be Hispanic or Latino of any race.
The residents of Kirtland were distributed to 2445 households out of which 31.6% were living in children under 18 years of age. 67.9% of households were married, 6.1% had a female head of the household without a husband and 22.9% were not families. 19.8% of households were made up of individuals and someone lived in 7.4% of all households aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.06.
The population was divided into 23.7% minors, 6.2% 18–24 year olds, 24.6% 25–44 year olds, 30.7% 45–64 year olds and 14.8% aged 65 and over or more. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 women there were 97.5 men. For every 100 women over the age of 18, there were 95.1 men.
The median household income in Kirtland was 65,422 US dollars and the median family income reached the amount of 76,062 US dollars. The median income for men was $ 51,179, compared with $ 31,179 for women. The per capita income was $ 32,148. 2.3% of the population and 1.8% of families had an income below the poverty line , including 3.7% of minors and 1.5% of those aged 65 and over.
18.5% of the population have German ancestors, 14.3% Italian and 12.0% Irish.
history
Early history
Geologically speaking, the city's history goes back around 300 million years, when the ground on which Kirtland lies today was still covered by water. The sequence of layers is justified by silt - slate of the Ohio slate group called Chagrin Shale, above lies Cleveland Shale, a rock layer from the Devonian , in which most fossils are found on site. It is overlaid by the Bedford Shale. The next layer is sandstone (Berea Sandstone), which has become a typical local building material and was used, among other things, to build the Kirtland Temple . The surrounding rock is Sharon Conglomerate, a type of sandstone that is interspersed with quartz pebbles .
About 10,000 years ago, until the end of the last ice age , northern Ohio was completely covered by glacial ice; the region's landscape is therefore glacial .
After the founding of the United States, the north of what is now the state was designated as a Western Reserve and sold to the Connecticut Land Company . The area was first explored in 1796 by Moses Cleaveland and his crew.
Kirtland was named after Turhand Kirtland, a director of the Connecticut Land Company and a judge in Trumbull County , the first administrative division in Ohio, which also included Kirtland. Kirtland was a veteran of the Revolutionary War . His son, Jared P. Kirtland , became a doctor and founded a medical school in Willoughby . The first compilation of Ohio's ornithology was also obtained from Kirtland. The Michigan wood warbler ( Dendroica kirtlandii ) got its name after him. This rare species of bird does not have its nesting grounds in Ohio, but has been documented during the annual bird flight in Kirtland.
The land around Kirtland was less suitable for agriculture than the surrounding area because of the dense forests, the loamy soil and the high hills: Mentor was founded in 1798 and Chester in 1802, while the first European settlers in Kirtland did not settle in Kirtland until 1811. Christopher Crary's memoirs, written in 1893, were later a source for the city's history, written in 1982.
Center of Mormonism
Between 1831 and 1838, Kirtland was the center of Mormonism . Joseph Smith had moved the community formed in Palmyra , New York , in April 1830 . Much of his Doctrine and Covenants with the Doctrine of the Church was written in Kirtland in the 1830s. The Latter-day Saints built their first temple here, the Kirtland Temple . This structure, which has since been declared a National Historic Landmark , was inaugurated in 1836. Today it belongs to the second largest Mormon denomination Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints , which has been called the Community of Christ since 2001 . The temple is used as a church and is open to the public.
1838 to the present
After the departure of the Mormons and during the second half of the 19th century, the population declined and life in the city was no different from that in other parts of the region. Crary recalls that the last rattlesnakes were killed in Gildersleeve Mountain in the 1830s. Most of the forests were cleared for agricultural use, and corn and apple trees became the dominant agricultural crops.
Kirtland hardly changed until after World War II when new residential areas were built on previous farmland. A high school was established in 1960 and a second elementary school was built on Chardon Rd. ( US Highway 6 ). A middle school for grades 6-8 was added in 1968.
In the same year, the residents of Kirtland voted to incorporate the township into the city . James Naughton became the first mayor when the 1970 United States Census showed that the population had exceeded 5,000.
A mall was built during the 1960s, and with the opening of Interstate 90 in 1965, the trip to Cleveland became shorter. The city continued to grow in the 1970s and 1980s.
The town hit the headlines in April 1989 when religious fanatic Jeffrey Lundgren led some members of his cult to kill a family of five and hide their bodies in a pigsty. Lundgren's accomplices were sentenced to life imprisonment, and Lundgren himself was executed on October 24, 2006.
In the 1990s, Kirtland became more and more a tourist destination. On the east arm of the Chagrin River, replicas of historical buildings that existed in the area in the 1830s were built. In addition to the Kirtland Temple, other historic buildings in the city also include other structures associated with the dawn of Mormonism, such as the former Newel K. Whitney store , Sidney Rigdon's home and the John Johnson Inn.
Agriculture almost completely lost its importance and since 2003 there has only been one farm in the city.
Attractions
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Thomas W. Schmidlin: Climatic Summary of Snowfall and Snow Depth in the Ohio Snowbelt at Chardon . In: Ohio Journal of Science, Volume 89, No. 4 (September 1989), p. 101-108
- ↑ NA Late Devonian cephalopod Aptychi (Abstract)
- ↑ Jared Potter Kirtland, The Ohio Journal of Science , May 1930 (PDF; 1.2 MB)
- ↑ Dr. Jared Kirtland
- ^ Kirtland Bird Club Cleveland Ohio - History of Club ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/oh/newspapers/tidbits/tbs52a.txt ( Memento from February 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Associated Press: Barn site of cult murder cleared for church ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , November 16, 2007
- ^ " Kirtland barn where Jeffrey Lundgren murdered family of five demolished, " WKYC-TV , Nov. 13, 2007
