Klivien

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Klivien
Clivia miniata

Clivia miniata

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily : Amaryllidoideae
Tribe : Haemantheae
Genre : Klivien
Scientific name
Clivia
Lindl.

The clivia ( Clivia ), also called belt sheet is a plant genus in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae). The six or so species are common in southern Africa . Cultivars of Clivia miniata and Clivia nobilis are used as ornamental plants .

description

Illustration of Clivia nobilis
Flowers in detail from Clivia miniata

Appearance and leaves

Clivia species grow as evergreen, perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of about 60 centimeters. They form rhizomes .

The basal and more or less two-line arranged, upright to curved back leaves are sessile and usually longer than the inflorescences. The simple leaf blades are belt-shaped with a narrowing or wide upper end. The leaf margin is usually smooth, rarely tiny serrated.

Inflorescences and flowers

The upright inflorescence stem is fleshy. The four or more bracts wither early. Ten to twenty stalked flowers are grouped together in a golden inflorescence .

The hermaphrodite flowers are more or less radial symmetry and threefold. The six identical bloom bracts are light red to orange in color, more rarely yellow. There are six stamens with clearly recognizable stamens. The stylus ends in a three-column scar.

fruit

There are berries formed.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is x = 11.

ingredients

The clivia, like the belladonna lily ( Amaryllis belladonna ), contain the alkaloid lycorin . It contains the following toxic ingredients: alkaloids , including lycorin (47%), clivimin and clivatin.

Inflorescence of Clivia nobilis
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Clivia robusta
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Clivia gardenii 'Pastel Peach'
Inflorescence of Clivia × cyrtanthifolia

Systematics and distribution

The genus Clivia was established by John Lindley in Botanical Register, ... , Volume 14: Plate 1182 in 1828 . Type species is Clivia nobilis Lindl. The generic name Clivia honors Lady Charlotte Florentia Clive (1787–1866), Duchess of Northumberland, a governess of the future Queen Victoria ; in their greenhouses a Clivia could be made to flower for the first time in Europe. Synonyms for Clivia Lindl. are: Imatophyllum Hook. , Himantophyllum Spreng. orth. var., Imantophyllum Hook. nom. illegal.

The genus Clivia belongs to the tribe Haemantheae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family Amaryllidaceae . It used to be part of the Liliaceae family.

There are five Clivia species in the past and six since 2004 :

  • Clivia caulescens R.A. Dyer : It is common in Swaziland and the South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga . It thrives on the edge of the forest and in clearings. It was rated “Near Threatened” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
  • Clivia gardenii Hook. : It occurs only from the Ngome Forest to the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands in KwaZulu-Natal . It thrives in the herbaceous layer of forests. The stocks are continuously decreasing. It is classified in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as "vulnerable" = "endangered".
  • Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Rule : There are two varieties:
    • Clivia miniata var. Citrina Watson (Syn .: Clivia miniata var. Flava E. Phillips ) The two varieties differ not only in their flower color, but also in a genetically significant way. This variety is likely to have roughly the same range as the other.
    • Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel var. Miniata : It is common from Barberton to the mouth of the Kei in Swaziland and in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape , KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga. It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 1400 meters. The stocks are continuously decreasing. It is classified in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as "vulnerable" = "endangered".
  • Clivia mirabilis Rourke : This endemic occurs only in Nieuwoudtville in the North Cape. Only two sites are known on the Bokkeveld plateau. He walks in the light shade in the bush forest. Although there are many impairments, the stocks are considered stable. It is classified in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as "vulnerable" = "endangered".
  • Clivia nobilis Lindl. : This endemic occurs only on the Suurberg north of Paterson and from the mouth of the Bushman's River to the mouth of the Qora River in the Eastern Cape. It thrives in coastal and inland forests at altitudes below 600 meters. The stocks are continuously decreasing for a variety of reasons. It is classified in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as "vulnerable" = "endangered".
  • Clivia robusta B.G. Murray, Ran, De Lange, Hammett, Truter & Swanevelder : It was found in BG Murray, Y. Ran, PJ De Lange, KRW Hammett, JT Truter & ZH Swanevelder: A new species of Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the Pondoland Center of Endemism, South Africa , In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 146, 2004, p. 370 first described. This endemic thrives in the marshland in the Afromontane forest at altitudes of 0 to 500 meters in isolated locations only in Pondoland from Port St, Johns to the uMzimkhulu River north of Oribi Gorge in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. It is classified in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as "vulnerable" = "endangered".

use

Varieties of mainly Clivia miniata and Clivia nobilis and of hybrids are used as ornamental plants in tropical to subtropical parks and gardens and as indoor plants .

swell

  • John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt , Dee Snijman: The Color Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs , 2002, Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0-88192-547-0 : Clivia on pp. 108–110 (sections description and occurrence)
  • The Clivia website . (engl.)
  • YD Ran, BG Murray, KRW Hammett: Phylogenetic analysis and karyotype evolution in the genus Clivia (Amaryllidaceae) , In: Annals of Botany. Oxford , Volume 87, 2001, pp. 823-830. Full text online.
  • AW Meerow, JR Clayton: Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . Volume 244, No. 3 , 2004, p. 141–155 , doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0085-z ( usda.gov [PDF]).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt , Dee Snijman: The Color Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs , 2002, Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0-88192-547-0 : Clivia on pp. 108-110
  2. ↑ Data sheet from Klivie (Clivia miniata) - Lycorin and structural formula at giftpflanze.com .
  3. ^ Clivia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Clivia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  5. ^ Clivia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Species list for Clivia in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved October 17, 2014
  7. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 241).

Web links

Commons : Klivien ( Clivia )  - collection of images, videos and audio files