Kroisbach (Oichten)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kroisbach
The Kroisbach in the middle part of its course

The Kroisbach in the middle part of its course

Data
Water code AT : A4106787
location District Salzburg-Umgebung , Land Salzburg
River system Danube
Drain over Oichten  → Salzach  → Inn  → Danube  → Black Sea
source on Haunsberg , near Hochberg
47 ° 56 ′ 3 ″  N , 13 ° 0 ′ 7 ″  E
Source height 608  m above sea level A.
muzzle at Pointlau coordinates: 47 ° 56 ′ 30 ″  N , 12 ° 59 ′ 12 ″  E 47 ° 56 ′ 30 ″  N , 12 ° 59 ′ 12 ″  E
Mouth height 405  m above sea level A.
Height difference 203 m
Bottom slope 12%
length 1.8 km
Communities Nussdorf am Haunsberg
in the upper reaches only periodic waters

The Kroisbach is a small, largely regulated stream in the municipality of Nussdorf am Haunsberg in Flachgau in the north of the state of Salzburg . Its upper course, the Kroisbachgraben , is known in geological circles for important rock outcrops and as a fossil site that is designated as a natural monument . The Kroisbach is named for a rock formation that is exposed here.

geography

The Kroisbach is a 1.75 km long brook that flows down from the northern slope of the Haunsberg into the Oichten valley. It rises in the Nussdorf village of Hochberg at 608  m above sea level. A. , flows in a westerly direction and after about 130 meters comes into the Kroisbacher local area, where it turns north. After about 450 meters, it runs in an arc for about 270 meters over the local area of Olching (Klein-Olching homestead) again to the west, before entering the valley at the Kroisbach settlement , and from there shortly afterwards in a north-westerly direction over the Kroisbach locality Pointlau that flows into the Oichten. The confluence with the Oichtenbach, which forms the border with the municipality of Göming here, is 405  m above sea level. A.

The upper course in the Kroisbachgraben only carries water at times ( periodically ).

Naming

The lower reaches of the Kroisbach in front of Pointlau

The name Kroisbach is traced back to Middle High German  Krebez (e), krebz (e) ' cancer ' or to one of the associated subsidiary forms kriuz or kreuz (e) with the same meaning. The brook is therefore to be understood as a 'Krebsbach' and thus belongs to the group of waters that are named after the animals that live in it. The name of the brook has been transferred to the settlement.

Geology and mining

The upper Kroisbach runs in the area of ​​a geological fault that stretches from Triebenbach near Laufen an der Salzach to the southern end of the Obertrumer See, and belongs to the fault system of the northern border of the Alps, within which it forms the second northernmost line here ( Innsbruck – Salzburg– Amstetten Fault , ISAM, the northernmost one runs directly near Nussdorf). The entire area of ​​the Oichten belongs completely to the mighty terminal moraine of the Salzach Glacier , which overlays the foreland molasse in the Salzburg lake area . At the fault, however, the Helvetic system of the Alps appears, here specifically the South Helvetic , south of Schlößlberg also the Ultra-Helvetic. Some of these layers contain ore; iron was mined in the upper Kroisbachgraben in historical times.

Type profiles

The brook or ditch is known in geological circles due to the different layers of Swiss rock from the older Tertiary , which is more open in the Eastern Alps only north of Salzburg.

Based on the good outcrops, several geological type profiles from the Paleocene (period 65 to 55 million years ago) are designated according to the local geography. Michael W. Rasser and Werner E. Piller added, assigned and partly renamed the profiles in the summer of 1997.

  • The Olching Formation (also Oichinger layers , Götzinger 1934), (newly) named after the location Kleinolching, shows a rock stratification of Danium / Seelandium / Upper Thanetium (about 66–58 million years ago).
  • The Kroisbach subformation ( Craniensandstein or Gryphaeenbank , Gohrbrandt 1963), named after the Kroisbach, is defined by a stratification from the transition period between the Paleocene and the Eocene (turn of the Thanetian / Ypresian , approx. 56 million years ago).
  • The Frauengrube subformation ( Roterzschichten , Gübel 1861), named after the site above, uppermost paleozon ( Ypresium , 56–48 million years old), which has a characteristic discordance (3 million years missing due to erosion) to the torch ditch dated between Frauengrube and Kroisbach - Represents subformation ( type locality east, near Matzing am Obertrumer See).

The latter two belong to the Kressenberg Formation , the time stage following the Olching Formation. Olching- / upper Kressberg formation correlate with Wangschichten / Fraxner green sand respectively stained marl series (Ultrahelvetikum) in Bregenzerwald or Bruderndorf layers respectively. Waschberg formation of the Waschbergzone of the Weinviertel (all based on Tollmann, 1985).

Kroisbachgraben natural monument

The Kroisbachgraben is an important geotope: "One can say without exaggeration that the outcrops in the Kroisbachgraben (those of the Olching Formation) belong to the fossil-rich occurrences of Paleocene megafaunas not only in the Alpine-Mediterranean region, but throughout Europe." ( H. . Hagn ) In several places there are ammonites (fossils) from the Paleocene, which are considered to be the best preserved in Central Europe.

  • Part of the Kroisbachgraben natural monument

  • In the upper part of the Kroisbachgraben

  • The Heinrich Herrle lock

Part of the stream from an upper barrier upwards and two small strips of land on the left and right banks of the Kroisbach with a total area of ​​just under 0.19 hectares have therefore been designated as a natural monument since December 12, 1973 ( NDM 00119 Kroisbach Graben ). The importance of the protected positions for science is given as "very high".

Frauengrube natural monument

About 200 meters further into the valley, on the right in the forest above, on the new forest road, there is another natural monument, called Frauengrube ( NDM 00257 ). The discordance of the Upper Eocene revealed here is likely to be the last known exposure of the Eastern Alps. The natural monument was designated in 2011.

The Frauengrube is a ping of the historic ore mining area, and grindstones were later extracted here in addition to ore . A cave was created by the lowering of a flysch floe about 100 m long and 15 m wide. Its dimensions are 52 × 40 m. It is now home to various moisture-loving insects, especially harvestmen , and is inhabited by several species of bats . The mean annual temperature in the Frauengrube cave is 6.5 ° C. In the second half of the 19th century it was planned to make it accessible to visitors, but this failed due to repeated rock breaks.

literature

  • Winfried Kuhn, Konrad F. Weidich: New micropalaeontological results from the Paleocene of the Haunsberg-Helveticum (Salzburg, Austria) . In: Paleontological Journal . tape 61 , issue 3/4. Stuttgart 1987, p. 181-201 .
  • Michael W. Rasser, Werner E. Piller: Kroisbachgraben and Frauengrube: Lithostratigraphic type localities for the Palaeogene Helvetic in Salzburg . In: Treatises of the Federal Geological Institute (Abh. Geol. B.-A.) . tape 56/2 . Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85316-007-7 , p. 713–722 , in PDF pp. 1–10 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Franz Traub: On the geology and stratigraphy of the Paleocene Oichinger layers in the Helvetic of the Haunsberg, north of Salzburg, Austria . In: Communications of the Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Histor. Geology . No. 30 . Munich 1990, p. 137–147 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Rudolf Vogeltanz: Sedimentology and palaeogeography of an Eocene sublittoral in the Helvetica of Salzburg (Austria) . In: Negotiations of the Federal Geological Institute . tape 1970 , no. 3 . Munich 1970, p. 373–451 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).

Further information:

  • H. Hagn: Classic and new outcrops with faunas of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary in the eastern Bavarian Alps and adjacent areas . With the participation of D. Herm, O. Hölzl, H. Lühr, F. Traub, HL. People. In: Paleont. Z. No. 35 . Stuttgart 1961, p. 146-170 .
  • H. Hagn (Ed.): The Bavarian Alps and their foreland from a micropalaeontological point of view (=  Geol.Bavarica . No. 82 ). Munich 1981.
  • G. Moosleitner: The Helvetikum near Salzburg . In: WK Weidert (Ed.): Classical sites of paleontology . Goldschneck Verlag, Korb 1988, p. 121-135 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Measurement on the Geographical Information System of the State of Salzburg ( SAGIS ( Memento of the original from June 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and remove then this note. ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.salzburg.gv.at
  2. ^ Franz Hörburger : Salzburg Place Name Book , edited by Ingo Reiffenstein and Leopold Ziller, ed. by the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , Salzburg 1982 (without ISBN), p. 150.
  3. ^ Matthias Lexer : Middle High German Pocket Dictionary. 38th edition, with addenda by Ulrich Pretzel, Hirzel, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-7776-0493-3 , p. 115.
  4. ↑ Michael W. Rasser, Werner E. Piller: Lithostratigraphic reorganization in the paleogene of the Austrian-Bavarian Helveticum . In: Treatises of the Federal Geological Institute . tape 56/2 . Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85316-007-7 , p. 699–712 , in PDF pp. 1–14 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  5. ↑ see literature , same volume as above
  6. ↑ Austrian Geological Map 1: 200,000 (ÖGK200) No. 221, dotted light orange
  7. ↑ a b Rasser, Piller: Lithostratigraphic restructuring . 1999, 4.1. Olching formation , p. 703 , col. 2 ff .
  8. ↑ a b c d e Kroisbach Graben in the nature protection book of the State of Salzburg
  9. ↑ a b Rasser, Piller: Lithostratigraphic restructuring . 1999, 4.2.1. Kroisbach subformation , p. 707 , col. 2 ff .
  10. ↑ a b Rasser, Piller: Lithostratigraphic restructuring . 1999, 4.2.3. Frauengrube subformation , p. 709 , col. 1.2 .
  11. ↑ a b c Frauengrube in the nature conservation book of the State of Salzburg
  12. ↑ ÖGK200 No. 220, dark orange
  13. ↑ cf. Rasser, Piller: Lithostratigraphische Neugliederung . 1999, Table 2 Lithostratigraphic units in the paleogene of the Austro-Bavarian Helveticum and the adjacent areas in the west (Bregenz Forest) and east (Waschbergzone) , p. 705 .
  14. ^ H. Hagn: The Old Tertiary of the Bavarian Alps and their foreland . In: Mitt. Bayer. State Paleont. hist. geol. no. 7 . Munich 1967, p. 270 (full article pp. 245-320). Quoted from Rasser, Piller: Lithostratigraphic restructuring . 1999, 4.1. Olching formation , point fossils , p. 706 , col. 1 .
  15. ↑ in the online GIS SAGIS almost 80 meters away from the stream on the forest path as natural monuments - points located
  16. ↑ Lit. Rasser, Piller: Kroisbachgraben and Frauengrube . 1999, 3rd field of work and location of the profiles , p. 715 .
  17. ↑ Veronika Mayregg, Wolfgang Mayregg (ed.): Nussdorfer history and stories. Self-published by Veronika Mayregg, [o. O.] 2002, p. 320, quoted here. n. Salzburg cave book .

Web links

Commons : Kroisbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files