Kuźnica (Jastarnia)
| Kuźnica | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Pucki | ||
| Gmina : | Jastarnia | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 44 ' N , 18 ° 35' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 216 : Hel– Władysławowo - Reda | ||
| Rail route : | Reda – Hel railway line | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| administration | |||
| Website : | kuznica.pl | ||
Kuźnica ( German Kußfeld , formerly Kusfeld ; Kashubian Kùsfeld ) is a village in the urban-and-rural municipality Jastarnia (Heisternest) in the Powiat Pucki of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The place is located in the former West Prussia , on the Baltic Sea , on one of the narrowest sections of the Hel peninsula between the places Chałupy and Jastarnia , about 35 kilometers (as the crow flies) north of Gdansk .
Here the strip of land between the open Baltic Sea and Gdańsk Bay is barely 200 meters wide. During winter storms, the country can be inundated by the open Baltic Sea.
The highest dune on the Hel peninsula rises between Kuźnica and Jastarnia. The Libek dune reaches a height of over 12.5 meters. The name goes back to the ship Lübeck , which most likely hit a sandbank here in the 17th century and sank.
history
Already during the time of the Teutonic Order , the Putziger district, divided into manor districts, with the Hela peninsula , had been administered from Danzig , which had joined the Prussian Federation in 1440 and voluntarily joined the autonomous Prussian Royal Share under the auspices of the Polish crown in 1466 .
In the 17th century the Hela Peninsula was badly affected by wars; in autumn 1663 there was only one house left in Kussfeld.
With the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772, the area around Neustadt and Putzig with Kußfeld became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1785 Kusfeld is referred to as a royal fishing village on the Baltic Sea on the island of Hela with 27 campfire sites (households). In the 19th century the fishing rights for the Baltic Sea beach in the area, as well as the right to collect amber there, were leased by the Royal Domain Office in Putzig.
Kußfeld belonged to 1920 to the county Puck in the administrative district of Gdansk the province of West Prussia of the German Reich .
After the First World War in 1920, the Putzig and Kussfeld district had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . With the attack on Poland in 1939, the territory returned to the Reich. The Putziger district was largely incorporated into the Neustadt district in West Prussia in the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which Kußfeld belonged until 1945.
Most of the citizens of Kuźnica are Kashubians . The fishing and tourism are the main sources of income of the inhabitants.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 185 | in 38 houses |
| 1871 | 395 | |
| 1905 | 479 |
Parish
Until 1945 the Evangelicals from Kussfeld belonged to the parish of the town of Hela , the Catholics to the parish of Putziger Heisternest.
Catholic village church (Fischerkirche)
In 1840, Bishop Anastazy Sedlak had a Catholic parish set up in Putziger Heisternest, which was also responsible for the localities of Kussfeld, Danziger Heisternest ( Bór ) and Hela . From then on, the Kussfeld Catholics had to travel about eight kilometers to the church of Heisternest for ninety years if they wanted to attend the service. In 1931 the decision to build its own church was made and the construction of a church in neo-Gothic style began. The village church of Schwarzau served as a model for this . The church could already be consecrated in 1933.
The church has a single nave and the interior is modestly decorated. The church windows were decorated with nine stained glass. Characteristic fishermen elements in the church are, for example, the wooden pulpit, which was made in the form of a boat by the Kussfeldern residents themselves. On the left there are two paintings depicting Jesus Christ and Saint Mary . The main altar has a painting showing the church patron, Anthony of Padua , with the baby Jesus.
The first pastors were Vicar Expositus Łosiński (from January 1, 1933) and Franciszek Ksawery Szynalewski (from July 1, 1933). The latter became the first pastor of the parish Kuźnica four years later. A memorial plaque in the church vestibule commemorates him today.
traffic
The place has a train station on the Reda – Hel line ( Rheda - Hela ).
Attractions
The main attractions of Kuźnica, in addition to the Baltic Sea beach, are the fish smokers and the small fishing port on the Putziger Bay side .
Every year all Catholic fishermen on the Hela peninsula come together on the commemoration day of their patron saints Peter and Paul in Kuźnica to take a boat pilgrimage to Puck ( Putzig ) to thank them for their safe return from the sea and a good catch.
literature
- Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, e-copy .
Web links
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 11 .
- ↑ During a violent storm in 1983, major coastal erosion occurred, causing the beach line to recede by around 30 meters. Between 1991 and 1992 the successful extensive and expensive reconstruction of the beach began. In the meantime, Kuźnica is better protected against winter storms thanks to the beach fortifications.
- ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 138 .
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, Complete Topography of the West Prussian Cammer Department , p. 105.
- ^ Government district of Danzig: Oeffentlicher Anzeiger ( Supplement to Official Gazette No. 35 ). Danzig, August 29, 1838, pp. 281-282, no. 700 .
- ^ Johann Daniel Friedrich Rumpf and Heinrich Friedrich Rumpf: Vollstandoges topographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2, Berlin 1820, p. 125, left column .
- ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, pp. 222-223, no. 99 .
- ↑ http://www.agoff.de/?p=26037
- ↑ a b c d e http://www.kuznica.pl/_lang/DE.html