List of hominin fossils

The following tables provide an overview of some notable finds of hominin fossils associated with human tribal history and the process of hominization . Since there are thousands of such fossils, there is no claim to completeness, but rather the most important finds are to be compiled.

The listing is based on the age, which was determined by radiometric or relative dating. The species name corresponds to the current consensus. In cases where there is no scientific agreement, the other classifications are included. Rejected names may be found in the article on the respective fossil. Not all of the fossils presented are believed to be direct ancestors of Homo sapiens . However, they are closely related to direct ancestors and so are important in the study of ancestry.

Older than 2 million years

Illustration	Surname	Age	Art	Date of discovery	Location	Initial description
	TM 266-01-060-1 "Toumai"	7-6 mya	Sahelanthropus tchadensis (type specimen)	2001	Chad	Michel Brunet
	BAR 1000a'00 BAR 1000b'00	6 mya	Orrorin tugenensis	2000	Kenya	Martin Pickford , Kiptalam Cheboi, Dominique Gommery, Pierre Mein, Brigitte Senut
	ALA-VP 1/20	5.5-5.8 mya	Ardipithecus kadabba	2001	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie
	ARA-VP-6/500 "Ardi"	4.4 mya	Ardipithecus ramidus	1994	Ethiopia	Tim White et al.
Illustration	Laetoli	3.7 mya	bipedal hominid	1976	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
Illustration	LH 4	3.8-3.6 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	1974	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
Illustration	KSD-VP-1/1 "Kadanuumuu"	3.58 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	2005	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie
Illustration	KNM WT 40000	3.5 mya	Kenyanthropus platyops	1999	Kenya	Justus Erus
	Stw 573 ("Little Foot")	3.3 mya (?)	Australopithecus spec.	1994	South Africa	Ronald J. Clarke
	DIK 1-1 ("Selam")	3.3 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	2000	Ethiopia	Zeresenay Alemseged
	AL 200-1	3.2-3.0 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	1975	Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
Illustration	AL 129-1a / -1b Knee joint from Hadar	3.4 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	1973	Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
	KT-12 / H1	3.5-3.0 mya	Australopithecus bahrelghazali	1993	Chad	Michel Brunet
	AL 288-1 ("Lucy")	3.2 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	November 24, 1974	Ethiopia	Donald Johanson
	AL 333 ("First Family")	3.2 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	2nd November 1975	Ethiopia	Michael E. Bush
AL444-2 at Smithsonian Institution	AL 444-2	3.0 mya	Australopithecus afarensis	February 26, 1992	Ethiopia	Yoel Rak
Illustration	STS 14	2.8-2.6 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1947	South Africa	Robert Broom
Illustration	STS 52		Australopithecus africanus
	STS 71	2.5 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1947	South Africa	Robert Broom
	Child of Taung	2.5 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1924	South Africa	Raymond Dart
	KNM WT 17,000 ("Black Skull")	2.5 mya	Paranthropus aethiopicus	1985	Kenya	Alan Walker
BOU-VP-12/130 at Smithsonian Institution and in the first description	BOU-VP-12/130	2.5 mya	Australopithecus garhi	1997	Ethiopia	Yohannes Haile-Selassie
	UR 501	2.4 mya	Homo rudolfensis	1991	Malawi	Friedemann Schrenk
RC 911 at palaeo.net ( Memento from May 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive )	RC 911	2.4 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1996	Malawi	Friedemann Schrenk
	AL 666-1	2.3 mya	Homo spec. ( Homo habilis ?)	1994	Ethiopia
	Sts 5 (Mrs. Ples)	2.16-2.05 mya	Australopithecus africanus	1947	South Africa	Robert Broom
	TM 1517	2.0 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1938	South Africa	Gert Terblanche
	MH1	2.0 mya	Australopithecus sediba	2010	South Africa	Lee Berger

2 to 1 million years

Illustration	Surname	Age	Art	Date of discovery	Location	Initial description
	KNM ER 1813	1.9 mya	Homo habilis	1973	Kenya	Kamoya Kimeu
	KNM ER 1470	1.9 mya	Homo rudolfensis	1972	Kenya	Bernard Ngeneo
	SK 48	1.8 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1948	South Africa	Robert Broom
	OH 5 (“Zinj” or “Nutcracker Man”) + unassociated lower jaw	1.8 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1959	Tanzania	Mary Leakey
OH 8 (hand) at talkorigins.org	OH 8	1.8 mya	Homo habilis	1960	Tanzania	Jonathan Leakey
OH 24 at talkorigins.org	OH 24 ("Twiggy")	1.8 mya	Homo habilis	1968	Tanzania	Peter Nzube
OH 62 at msu.edu	OH 62 ("Dik-dik hominid")	1.8 mya	Homo habilis	1986	Tanzania	Tim White
OH 65 at talkorigins.org	OH 65	1.8 mya	Homo habilis	1995	Tanzania	Fidelis Masao
	D 2700	1.8 mya	Homo erectus ergaster georgicus	2001	Georgia
	OH 7 "Jonny's Child"	1.75 mya	Homo habilis	1960	Tanzania	Jonathan Leakey
	KNM ER 3733	1.75 mya	Homo erectus ( H. ergaster ?)	1975	Kenya	Bernard Ngeneo
	KNM ER 1805	1.74 mya	Homo habilis		Koobi Fora , Kenya
STW 53 at talkorigins.org	StW 53	2-1.5 mya	Homo habilis ( " Homo gautengensis " )	1976	South Africa	AR Hughes
	SK 847	1.8-1.5 mya	Homo erectus Homo ergaster ? " Homo gautengensis "	1969	South Africa	Ronald J. Clarke
DNH 7 at talkorigins.org	DNH 7 (Eurydice)	2-1.5 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1994	South Africa	André Keyser
	SK 46	2-1.5 mya	Paranthropus robustus	1949	South Africa	Robert Broom
Illustration	OH 16 "George"	1.7 mya	Homo habilis	1963	Tanzania	Louis Leakey
	KNM ER 406	1.7 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1969	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	KNM ER 732	1.7 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1970	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	KNM ER 23000
	Sangiran IV	1.6 mya	Homo erectus	1939	Java	GHR from Koenigswald
OH 13 at msu.edu	OH 13 "Cindy"	1.6 mya	Homo habilis	1963	Tanzania	Louis Leakey
	KNM WT 15000 ("Nariokotome Boy")	1.5 mya	Homo erectus ( H. ergaster ?)	1984	Kenya	Kamoya Kimeu
	KNM ER 3883	1.6-1.4 mya	Homo erectus ( H. ergaster ?)		Kenya	Richard Leakey
Peninj lower jaw at anthropology.si.edu	Peninj 1 or Peninj Mandible	1.5 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1964	Peninj, Tanzania	Richard Leakey , Glynn Isaac
Chellean OH 9 at talkorigins.org	OH 9 ("Chellean Man")	1.5 mya	Homo erectus	1960	Tanzania	Louis Leakey
KNM ER 992 at msu.edu	KNM ER 992	1.5 mya	Homo erectus ( H. ergaster ?)	1971	Kenya	Richard Leakey
	KGA 10-525	1.4 mya	Paranthropus boisei	1993	Ethiopia	A. Amzaye
	ATD6-5	approx. 1.2 mya	Homo erectus or Homo antecessor	1995	Sierra de Atapuerca	José María Bermúdez de Castro
	Sangiran 17 Pithecanthropus VIII	approx. 1.0 mya (1.6-0.8 mya)	Homo erectus	1969	Java	Mr. Towikromo

1 million to 100,000 years

Illustration	Surname	Age	Art	Date of discovery	Location	Initial description
	Sangiran II	1.6-0.7 mya	Homo erectus	1937	Indonesia	GHR from Koenigswald
	Trinil 2 or Pithecanthropus 1 or Java human	1.0-0.7 mya	Homo erectus (type specimen)	1891	Indonesia	Eugène Dubois
	Dinaledi Hominin 1 (DH1) amid 1550 bones and teeth from 15 individuals	0.912 mya (most likely age)	Homo naledi (type specimen)	2013	South Africa	Lee Berger et al.
Ternifine 1–3 at scientificlib.com	Tighenif 1 (= Ternifine 1) or Atlanthropus mauritanicus	700 ka (?)	Homo erectus	1955	Ternifine (Tighenif), Algeria	Camille Arambourg
Hexian PA830	PA 830		Homo erectus		He County , China
Zhoukoudian XII	Zhoukoudian XII		Homo erectus		Zhoukoudian , China
Bodo at Smithsonian Institution	Bodo	600 ka	Homo erectus	1976	Ethiopia	B. Asfaw
	GPIH.1 ( "Heidelberg Man" )	600 ka or 500 ka	Homo heidelbergensis or Homo erectus heidelbergensis (type specimen)	1907	Mauer (Baden) , Germany	Daniel Hartmann
	Peking man or Sinanthropus pekinensis	770, 600 and 500 ka	Homo erectus	1921-1937	Beijing	Otto Zdansky , Davidson Black
Atapuerca 5	Atapuerca 5 ("Miguelón")	approx. 500-300 ka	Homo heidelbergensis	1992	Spain	JM Bermúdez de Castro
	Ndutu	400 ka	Homo erectus	1973	Lake Ndutu, Tanzania
	Salé skull	400 ka (?)	Homo erectus	1971	Salé , Morocco	Jean-Jacques Jaeger
	Arago XXI ( human of Tautavel )	400 ka	Homo erectus tautavelensis or Homo heidelbergensis	1971	Tautavel , France	Henry de Lumley
Petralona 1	Petralona 1	500-250 ka	Homo heidelbergensis	1960	Greece
fondationiph.org	Hathnora skull roof	500-200 ka	Homo erectus ( H. erectus narmadensis ) or Homo heidelbergensis	5th December 1982	India	Arun Sonakia
	Swanscombe skull	400 ka	Homo heidelbergensis	1935	England	Alvan T. Marston
	Homo steinheimensis	350 ka	Homo heidelbergensis	1933	Steinheim an der Murr , Germany
	Irhoud 1	300 ka	Archaic Homo sapiens	1961	Djebel Irhoud , Morocco
	Irhoud 2	300 ka	Archaic Homo sapiens	1963	Djebel Irhoud , Morocco
Irhoud 3 (jaw) at PhysOrg.com	Irhoud 3	300 ka	Archaic Homo sapiens	1968	Djebel Irhoud , Morocco
Dali skull	" Dali man "	300-260 ka	Homo erectus	1978	China	Shuntang Liu
	Ngandong 7	250 ka	Homo erectus	1931	Indonesia	C. ter Haar and GHR von Koenigswald
	Kabwe 1 (Broken Hill 1)	300-200 ka	Homo erectus , archaic Homo sapiens or Homo rhodesiensis	1921	Zambia	Tom Zwiglaar
	LH 18	200 ka	Archaic Homo sapiens	1976	Tanzania	Day et al. 1980
Omo I	Omo 1	195 ka	Archaic Homo sapiens	1967/2001	Ethiopia	Richard Leakey
Omo II	Omo 2	195 ka	later Homo erectus or archaic Homo sapiens	1967	Ethiopia	Richard Leakey
	Herto skull	160 ka	Archaic Homo sapiens " Homo sapiens idaltu "	1997-2003	Middle Awash Ethiopia	Tim White
	Altamura man	172-130 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	1993	Altamura , Italy	Eligio Vacca
Taboo 1	Tabun C1	120 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	1967-1972	Israel	Arthur Jelinek

100,000 to 50,000 years

Illustration	Surname	Age	Art	Date of discovery	Location	Initial description
Klasies fragments	Klasies River Caves	125-75 ka	homo sapiens	from 1960	South Africa	Ray Inskeep , Robin Singer , John Wymer , Hilary Deacon
Krapina C.	Krapina	100 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	1899	Croatia	Dragutin Gorjanović Kramberger
	Skhul V	approx. 100 ka	homo sapiens	1933	Skhul , Carmel , Israel	Theodore D. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr.
Qafzeh IX	Qafzeh IX	approx. 100 ka	homo sapiens	1933	Qafzeh , Israel	Theodore D. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr.
	Skhul IX		Neanderthals ? later archaic Homo sapiens ?		Skhul , Carmel , Israel
Qafzeh VI	Qafzeh VI	approx. 100 ka	homo sapiens	1933	Nazareth , Israel	Theodore D. McCown and H. Moivus, Jr.
	La Ferrassie 1	70 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	September 17th, 1909	France	R. Capitan and D. Peyrony
Illustration	La Quina 5		Homo neanderthalensis		France
Illustration	La Quina 18		Homo neanderthalensis		France
Mount Circeo 1	Mt. Circeo 1		Homo neanderthalensis	1939	Italy	Prof. Blanc
Saccopastore 1	Saccopastore 1		Homo neanderthalensis		Italy
	Gibraltar 1	70-45 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	1848	Gibraltar
NG 6 at archeology.nsc.ru	NG 6	100-50 ka	Homo erectus	1931	Indonesia	C. ter Haar and GHR von Koenigswald
Illustration	Shanidar 1	80-60 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	1961	Iraq	Ralph Solecki
Amud 1 at Smithsonian Institution	Amud 1		Homo neanderthalensis		Amud Cave , Israel
	Amud 7		Homo neanderthalensis		Amud Cave , Israel
	La Chappelle-aux-Saints 1	60 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	August 3, 1908	France	A. and J. Bouyssonie , L. Bardon

Younger than 50,000 years

Illustration	Surname	Age	Art	Date of discovery	Location	Initial description
	Le Moustier	45 ka	Homo neanderthalensis	1909	France	Otto Hauser
	Denisova man	48-30 ka	unexplained; (probably sister group of the Neanderthals)	2010	Russia
	Neanderthal 1	42 ka	Homo neanderthalensis (type specimen)	1856	Neandertal , Germany	Johann Carl Fuhlrott
	Mongoose Man	40 ka	homo sapiens	1974	Australia	Jim Bowler
	Mongoose Lady	40 ka	homo sapiens	1969	Australia	Jim Bowler
Qafzeh VI	Jebel Qafzeh 6		homo sapiens
Fig. Of the mandible fragment	Tianyuan 1	40 ka	homo sapiens	2003	People's Republic of China	Hong Shang et al.
	Hofmeyr skull	36 ka	homo sapiens	1952	South Africa
	Cro-Magnon 1	30 ka	homo sapiens	1868	France	Edouard Lartet
Predmosti 3	Predmost 3		homo sapiens
	Afalou 13
	Wadi Kubbaniya
	Wadi Halfa 25
	LB1 ("Hobbit")	18 ka	Homo floresiensis (type specimen)	2003	Indonesia	Peter Brown et al.
Minatogawa 1	Minatogawa 1	18-16 ka	homo sapiens	1970	Japan
	Tandou
Kow Swamp 1	Kow Swamp 1-22	13-9 ka	homo sapiens	1968	Australia	AG Thorne
	SDM 16704
	Wadjak 1	12-10 ka	homo sapiens	1888	Indonesia	Eugène Dubois
	Tepexpan	11 ka	homo sapiens	1947	Mexico	H. de Terra
	Cerro Sota 2	11 ka	homo sapiens	1936	Chile	Junius Bird
	Combe Capelle (tomb)	9 ka (new dating 2011!)	homo sapiens	1909	Combe Capelle , France	Otto Hauser
	Ötzi ("Man from Tisenjoch")	5.3 ka	homo sapiens	1991	Ötztal Alps (between Austria and Italy)	Helmut and Erika Simon
	Lo 4b
	Kerma 27
	Cerro Sota 2		homo sapiens	1936	Chile	Junius Bird
	Homo sapiens balangodensis	??	homo sapiens	1969	Sri Lanka	PEP Deraniyagala

Abbreviations in the fossil record

AL - Afar Locality, Ethiopia
ARA-VP - Aramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
AT - Atapuerca
BOU-VP - Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
DNH - Drimolen, South Africa
ER - East Rudolf (= Rudolfsee [today: Lake Turkana], east bank ), Kenya
GDA - Gondolin, South Africa
IVPP - Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
KB - Kromdraai, South Africa
KGA - Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia
KNM-ER - Kenya National Museum-East Rudolf (= Rudolfsee [today: Lake Turkana], east bank )
KNM-WT - Kenya National Museum-West Bank Lake Turkana
KP - Kanapoi, Kenya
KT - Koro Toro, Chad
OH - Olduvai Hominid, Tanzania
RC - Malema, Malawi Rift
SK, SKW, SKX - Swartkrans, South Africa
Sts, Stw, SE - Sterkfontein, South Africa
TM - Transvaal Museum, South Africa
TM - Toros-Menalla, Chad
UR - Uraha, Malawi
WT - West Bank of Lake Turkana, Kenya

swell

Ian Tattersall, Jeffery Schwartz: Extinct Humans . Westview Press, Boulder (Colorado, USA) 2000, ISBN 0-8133-3482-9 .
Clark Spencer Larsen, Robert M. Matter, Daniel L. Gebo: Human Origins: the fossil record . Waveland Press, Prospect Heights (Illinois, USA), ISBN 0-88133-575-4 .
Smithsonian Human Origins Program. Retrieved August 29, 2006 .
Prominent hominid fossils. Retrieved August 31, 2006 .

Individual evidence

^ Yohannes Haile-Selassie et al .: An early Australopithecus afarensis postcranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia. In: PNAS . Volume 107, No. 27, 2010, pp. 12121-12126, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1004527107
^ WH Kimbel et al .: Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan Tools from the Hadar Formation (Kada Hadar Member), Ethiopia. In: Journal of Human Evolution , Volume 31, No. 6, 1996, pp. 549-561, doi: 10.1006 / jhev.1996.0079
↑ Fossil, fragmented skull in three parts.
^ MH Day, MD Leakey and C. Magori: A new hominid fossil skull (LH 18) from the Ngaloba Beds, Laetoli, northern Tanzania. In: Nature. Volume 284, 1980, pp. 55-56, doi: 10.1038 / 284055a0

[1] Yohannes Haile-Selassie et al .: An early Australopithecus afarensis postcranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia. In: PNAS . Volume 107, No. 27, 2010, pp. 12121-12126, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1004527107

[2] WH Kimbel et al .: Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan Tools from the Hadar Formation (Kada Hadar Member), Ethiopia. In: Journal of Human Evolution , Volume 31, No. 6, 1996, pp. 549-561, doi: 10.1006 / jhev.1996.0079

[3] Fossil, fragmented skull in three parts.

[4] MH Day, MD Leakey and C. Magori: A new hominid fossil skull (LH 18) from the Ngaloba Beds, Laetoli, northern Tanzania. In: Nature. Volume 284, 1980, pp. 55-56, doi: 10.1038 / 284055a0