Łobżenica

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Łobżenica
Coat of arms of Łobżenica
Łobżenica (Poland)
Łobżenica
Łobżenica
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Greater Poland
Powiat : Pilski
Gmina : Łobżenica
Area : 3.25  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 16 '  N , 17 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 15 '45 "  N , 17 ° 15' 20"  E
Height : 100 m npm
Residents : 2951 (June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 89-310
Telephone code : (+48) 67
License plate : PP



Łobżenica ( German Lobsens ) is a city in the powiat Pilski of the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 9529 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

Geographical location

Lobsens north of the city of Wirsitz on a map from 1914

The city is located in the historical landscape Krajna on the west bank of the river Łobżonka (Lobsonka) , about 30 kilometers northeast of the city of Pila (Pila) and 50 kilometers northwest of the city of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) .

history

Church in Lobsens (Evangelical Lutheran Church until 1945)

In the Middle Ages there was a castle surrounded by the Lobsonka. According to legend, the village was founded by the Pomeranians . There is a Schwedenschanze on the nearby Lobower Berg ; a church is said to have been built here before 1141. Monks of the Benedictine order built in a nearby forest, a monastery which later became a place of pilgrimage was. Traffic routes to Danzig and Posen led through the town . It was inhabited by Protestant Germans and was relatively large: in 1693, 500 households (fireplaces) were counted here. However, the city was entirely cremated in 1712 and most of it in 1764.

The city belonged to a manor whose owner families changed repeatedly. In 1655 the Swedes invaded the city, followed by the Poles, plundered and abused the Evangelicals and the Jews. Under Polish sovereignty, the Evangelicals in Lobsens were repeatedly persecuted, again around 1740–1741 when the Evangelical Church was destroyed and the Evangelical preacher Franz Christian Hollaz from the (Catholic) ruling family von der Golzen , who advocated freedom of religion, had to be placed under personal protection .

Around 1792 Count Rydzinski was in the possession of the manor; When Lobsens became Prussian in 1773, he moved his manorial residence to the Vorwerk in front of the city.

Around 1800 Lobsens belonged to the Kamin district . At that time there was a Catholic parish church in the city, an Evangelical Lutheran church that King Frederick II had built at state expense, another Catholic church called the Presidency and which was staffed with three Benedictine religious and also the St. Anne's Catholic Church. There was also a synagogue in the city . Ethnic Germans and ethnic Poles lived in the city , who from 1871 onwards were all German citizens. The German-speaking population was predominantly Protestant. At the beginning of the 20th century Lobsens had a Protestant church, an Evangelical Lutheran church, a Catholic church, a synagogue, a preparatory institute and a district court. The city was the seat of the Protestant diocese of Lobsen, a division (office of a superintendent ) of the old Prussian church province of Posen (1817-1920) and then the Uniate Evangelical Church in Poland .

From 1816 to 1920 Lobsens belonged to the district of Wirsitz in the administrative district of Bromberg in the Prussian province of Posen of the German Empire .

After the First World War , the district together with Lobsens had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty and came to the Powiat Wyrzyski in the Poznan Voivodeship , but switched to Großpommerellen on April 1 with the entire powiat . After the invasion of Poland in 1939, Lobsens belonged to the occupation office district Wirsitz in the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia until 1945 . Shortly after taking over the city, the German "Selbstschutz" began to murder Poles and Jews. It was part of the so-called Intelligence Action that took place in Poland in 1939. A total of 200 Poles and Jews were killed as a result.

Towards the end of the Second World War , Lobsens was liberated by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and again part of Poland. The German minority was subsequently expelled from Łobżenica by the local authorities.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1783 1,319 (Including 179 people belonging to the garrison) mostly Protestant Germans, also 264 Jews
1788 1,240 including 283 Jews
1816 1,668: including 762 Evangelicals, 508 Jews and 378 Catholics
1826 2,350 including over 800 Jews
1837 2,524
1861 2,791
1875 2,763
1880 2,579
1890 2,251 of which 640 Protestants, 933 Catholics and 378 Jews (200 Poles )
1900 2,238 mostly Catholics
2014 3,030

Evangelical pastors before 1945

  • Franz Christian Hollaz, chased out in 1741
  • W. Hanow († August 6, 1849), superintendent, in office as pastor from at least spring 1814 to 1849, victim of the cholera epidemic
  • W. Hanow (son of W. Hanow, who died in 1849), since 1849, author of a book about the Protestant churches in Lobsens

local community

The town itself and 23 villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Łobżenica.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Volume 2, Marienwerder 1789, Part I, pp. 100-102, No. 7.)
  • Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 361-364.
  • W. Hanow: History of the Protestant Church in Lobsens . Fischer, Bromberg 1853 ( Review : Wilhelm Böhmer, in: Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung , Volume 33, Darmstadt 1854, Column 383–384.)

Web links

Commons : Łobżenica  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Goldbeck (1789), Part I, pp. 100-102, No. 7.)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the state of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 361-364.
  3. ↑ a b Acta historica ecclesiastica , Volume 49, Weimar 1745, p. 865 ff.
  4. ↑ a b c d Economic-Technological Encyclopedia . Volume 80, Berlin 1801, p. 34.
  5. ^ A b Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III. Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, pp. 121-122.
  6. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig / Vienna 190, p. 645.
  7. ↑ Barbara Bojarska: Zbrodnie Selbstschutz w Łobżenicy . In: Przegląd Zachodni . 1963, p. 142-143 .
  8. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. pos_wirsitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg , No. 36 of September 7, 1849, p. 304.
  10. ^ Berlinische Nachrichten , June 16, 1814, supplement, see left column under Patriotic love and charities
  11. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : On the cash box question . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Another episode. Volume 8, Koenigsberg 1855, pp. 337-338. (This article relates to the essay by W. Hanow: Die Kassubiten . In: Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter . Another series, Volume 8, Königsberg 1855, pp. 161–165. )
  12. ^ Wilhelm Böhmer, in: Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung , Volume 33, Darmstadt 1854, Column 383–384.