Luehea
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Luehea is a genus of plants in the subfamily Grewioideae within the Mallow family (Malvaceae). It occurs with 15-20 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics and subtropics of Central and South America .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Luehea species are trees or large shrubs. The base of the trunk has buttress roots in some species . The alternate leaves are short stalked. The paired stipules fall off early. The simple, undivided leaf blades are elliptical, oblong-egg-shaped or oblong-obovate and mostly serrated or serrated on the edge. They have 3–8 pairs of lateral nerves, of which the basal pair is particularly well developed. The young twigs, the petioles and the undersides of the blades are more or less densely covered with star hairs.
Inflorescences
The stalked flowers are individually or in few-flowered zymösen to reichblütigen thyrsischen to rispigen inflorescences . These are arranged terminally or axially. The bracts in the inflorescence are obsolete.
blossoms
The radially symmetrical , five-fold, hermaphrodite flowers vary in size depending on the species. Luehea candida is characterized by particularly large flowers with petals up to 55 mm long , while Luehea seemannii , for example, has relatively small flowers with 6.5–11 (–13) mm long petals. The flowers have an outer calyx of 6–19 elongated to linear bracts . These are connected to one another freely or for different lengths of time, but do not stay together over the long term. They are no longer valid or will remain in place for longer. The five elongated to lanceolate sepals flap in the bud are free or briefly fused together at the base. They fall off after blooming. The five free, white, yellow or pink colored petals are longer than the calyx. They cover each other in the bud like roof tiles and are thickened at the base to form a large, fleshy, differently shaped nectar gland . The numerous stamens are briefly fused to five or ten bundles at the base. These bundles are seldom connected to form a short stamen. The outer stamens are usually reduced to threadlike staminodes without an anthers. These staminodes can sometimes be missing - for example in Luehea conwentzii - or they are fused to form corolla-like structures, for example in Luehea grandiflora . The stamens are downy to white shaggy or woolly hairy at the base. The anthers are movably attached to their backs (dorsifix) to the stamens. In the bud they are straight and intrors, i.e. with their pollen sacs turned towards the center of the flower, but when they open they turn outwards and become horseshoe-shaped. The two parallel counters, which have grown together along their entire length, open lengthways through slits. The Upper permanent, sedentary or less often very short-stalked, fünffächerige ovary contains in each subject at the central angle constant placenta numerous ovules . The simple stylus is thick, widened slightly towards the tip and has a cephalic, disc-shaped or lobed scar .
Fruits and seeds
The woody, cylindrical or ellipsoidal capsule fruits open incompletely from the tip to a maximum of ¾ of their length with folds in five flaps. The numerous small seeds have a crusty seed coat and are widened at the top into a large wing. They contain a fleshy endosperm . The embryo is straight and has flat, leaf-shaped cotyledons .
Chromosomes
Both species examined so far have the same number of chromosomes . Both Luehea candicans and Luehea ochrophylla have a diploid chromosome set with 2n = 36.
distribution
The distribution area of the genus Luehea extends from Mexico to the north of Argentina .
Taxonomy
The genus Luehea was described in 1801 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in the name form Lühea . The first description included only the type species Luehea speciosa . An older homonym is Luehea F.W.Schmidt , a name from 1793, which refers to the South African genus Stilbe with the type species Luehea ericoides (L.) FWSchmidt (= Stilbe ericoides (L.) L.) . In order not to let the priority rule apply, the name Luehea Willd. therefore protected as a noun conservandum . Alegria Moc. & Sessé ex DC. and Brotera Vell. are synonyms .
etymology
The genus luehea is by Friedrich Carl Emil von der Lühe named (1751-1801), one of Holstein -derived kk real Chamberlain , Lower Austrian Government and former Danish Chamberlain .
species
The following list includes 18 species. It is based on a compilation of species currently accepted in regional lists of species and flora and may be incomplete.
| Scientific name | distribution | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Luehea candicans Mart. | Bolivia , Brazil , Paraguay , northeast Argentina | 2 varieties |
| Luehea candida (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Mart. | Mexico to Panama , northern Colombia , Venezuela , eastern Paraguay (?) | |
| Luehea conwentzii K.Schum. | southeastern Brazil | |
| Luehea crispa Krapov. | central Brazil ( Goiás ) | |
| Luehea cymulosa Spruce ex Benth. | Amazonia : Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia, northern Brazil | |
| Luehea divaricata Mart. | central and eastern Brazil, southern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, northeast Argentina | |
| Luehea fiebrigii Burret | Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Paraguay | |
| Luehea grandiflora Mart. | Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Eastern Paraguay | |
| Luehea herzogiana R.E.Fr. | Bolivia | |
| Luehea microcarpa R.E.Fr. | Paraguay, northeastern Argentina | |
| Luehea ochrophylla Mart. | Brazil | |
| Luehea paniculata Mart. | Suriname , Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, northeast Argentina | |
| Luehea rufescens A.St.-Hil. | southeastern Brazil | |
| Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch. | southern Mexico to Panama, northern Colombia, northwestern Venezuela | |
| Luehea speciosa Willd. | Mexico to Panama, Cuba , Colombia to French Guiana , Peru, Bolivia, Brazil | Syn .: Luehea alternifolia ( Mill. ) Mabb. |
| Luehea splendens Rusby | western Bolivia | |
| Luehea steinbachii Burret | Bolivia | |
| Luehea tomentella Rusby | Bolivia |
swell
- Bayer, C .; Kubitzki, K. 2003: Malvaceae. In: K. Kubitzki (Ed.): The families and genera of Vascular Plants. Volume V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. ISBN 3-540-42873-9 . Pp. 225-311. - Preview in Google Book Search
- Macbride, JF 1956: Tiliaceae. Linden Family. In: Flora of Peru. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13 (3A / 2): 413-442. - Luehea - Online.
- Meijer, W. 2001: Tiliaceae Juss. In: Stevens, WD; Ulloa Ulloa C .; Pool, A .; Montiel, OM (Ed.): Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85. ISBN 0-915279-95-9 . - Luehea - Online
- Robyns, A. 1964: Family 114. Tiliaceae. In: Woodson, RE & Schery, RW (Eds.): Flora of Panama. Part VI. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 51: 1-35. - Luehea - Online
Individual evidence
- ^ Goldblatt, P .; & Johnson, DE (Ed.): Luehea. In: Tropicos.org: Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Willdenow, CL 1801: Three new plant genera. Ges. Naturf. Friends of Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 403–412, tab. 4-6. - online
- ^ Pearson HHW 1901: II. Stilbe, Berg. In: Thiselton-Dyer WT (Ed.): Flora Capensis. Vol. 5 (1). Acanthaceae to Proteaceae. Pp. 183-186. - online
- ↑ Luehea. In: Index Nominum Genericorum database. Smithsonian Institution, accessed May 1, 2012 .
- ↑ L. 1801: Vienna, March 21, 1801. Der Neue Teutsche Merkur. 1801, Vol. 2, pp. 50-54. - Preview in Google Book Search
- ↑ Luehea. In: TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Luehea. In: Tropicos.org: Bolivia Checklist. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Luehea. (No longer available online.) In: Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil 2012. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, formerly in the original ; Retrieved May 1, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d Tiliaceae. ( ZIP ; 10 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina. II. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, archived from the original on July 3, 2007 ; Retrieved May 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Luehea. In: Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Dorr LJ, Meijer W. 2005: Tiliaceae. In: Steyermark JA, Berry PE, Yatskievych K., Holst BK (eds.): Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 9. Rutaceae – Zygophyllaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 1-930723-47-4 . Pp. 343-362.
- ↑ Luehea. In: Tropicos.org: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d Luehea. In: Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 1, 2012 .
Web links
- Luehea. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, accessed May 1, 2012 .