Maesa
| Maesa | ||||||||||||
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Maesa lanceolata , habitus in the habitat in KwaZulu-Natal |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the subfamily | ||||||||||||
| Maesoideae | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Maesa | ||||||||||||
| Forssk. |
Maesa is the only genus of the monogeneric subfamily Maesoideae in the plant family of the primrose family (Primulaceae) within the order of the heather-like (Ericales). The 150 to 200 species arewidespreadin the Paleotropic .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Maesa species grow as evergreen , woody plants: mostly shrubs , less often small trees or lianas . Thorns are never there. Secretion ducts are well developed in the leaves, sepals and petals.
The alternate and spiral or two-lined leaves on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are simple. The leaf margins are smooth, serrated or serrated. The leaf veins can usually not be recognized even on dried leaves. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
They usually form axillary, simple or branched, racemose or spiked inflorescences . The bracts are relatively small. The flowers sit directly above two bracts .
The mostly five-fold flowers are unisexual or hermaphrodite and have a double perianth . If the flowers are unisexual, then the plants are unisexual ( monoecious ). The five sepals are funnel-shaped and fused with the ovary and the calyx is also preserved on the fruit. The five white or yellowish petals are fused bell-shaped. There is only one circle with five free stamens with short stamens . Two to five carpels are a syncarp, mostly under permanent or semi-permanent under ovary adherent to apotropen ovules . Nectaries are located on the ovaries. The pistil is longer than the stamens, with a cephalic or three to five-lobed stigma .
There are drupes or berries formed; they are surrounded by the chalice. The berries contain many small, wrinkled seeds.
The basic chromosome number is x = 10.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Maesa is widespread in the Paleotropic . Areas are for example in Africa , from the Indian subcontinent to China (29 species) and Southeast Asia to Japan , on the Malay Archipelago and in northeastern Australia .
Botanical history
According to APG III, the Primulaceae family has been expanded significantly and some families that were previously in the order of Primulales Lindl. were grouped together as subfamilies. The genus Maesa last formed its own family Maesaceae and today the subfamily Maesoideae. For some authors, the genus Maesa was classified in the Myrsinaceae family. The Tribus Maeseae was founded in 1834 by Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle in Trans. Linn. Soc. London , 17, 132 first published. The Maesoideae subfamily was first published in 1844 by Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle in Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis Volume 8, page 76. The Maesaceae family was only founded in 2000 by Arne Anderberg , Bertil Ståhl and Mari Källersjö in Maesaceae, a new primuloid family in the order Ericales sl in Taxon , Volume 49, pp. 183-187. set up.
The botanist Pehr Forsskål was the first to become aware of the type species Maesa lanceolata when he traveled to what is now Yemen , and described it in Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica in 1775 . P. 66. and thus established the genus Maesa . Synonyms for Maesa Forssk. are: Baeobotrys J.R. Forst . & G.Forst. and Doraena Thunb. The genus name Maesa is derived from the Arabic name maas for the species Maesa lanceolata .
Species and their distribution
The genus Maesa and thus the subfamily contains 150 to 200 species (selection):
- Maesa acuminatissima Merrill : It is common in China and Vietnam .
- Maesa ambigua C.Y.Wu & C.Che : It is common in southeastern Yunnan and Vietnam.
- Maesa argentea (Wallich) A.DC. : It occurs in the Himalayas .
- Maesa brevipaniculata (CYWu & C.Chen) Pipoly & C.Che : It occurs in Guangxi , Guizhou and Yunnan.
- Maesa cavinervis C.Chen : It is endemic to laurel forests at altitudes of 1700 to 2100 meters only in Motuo in Tibet .
- Maesa chisia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don : It is common in India , Nepal , Bhutan , Myanmar , Tibet and in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
- Maesa confusa (CMHu) Pipoly & C.Chen : It thrives along rivers in mixed mountain forests at altitudes of 700 to 1200 meters only in the Chinese province of Hainan .
- Maesa consanguinea Merrill : It only thrives at altitudes of 500 to 1300 meters in the Chinese province of Hainan.
- Maesa cumingii Mez (Syn .: Maesa pachyphylla Merr. , Maesa undulata Person | Merr.): It occurs in the Philippines .
- Maesa densistriata C.Chen & CMHu : The homeland is Yunnan.
- Maesa formosana Mez : It occurs in Taiwan.
- Maesa hupehensis Rehder : It thrives at altitudes of 500 to 1700 meters in Hubei and Sichuan .
- Maesa indica (Roxb.) DC. (Syn .: Baeobotrys indica Roxb. , Maesa elmeri Mez , M. laxa Mez , M. ramosii Quisumb. & Merr. ): It is common in India, Vietnam and southern Yunnan.
- Maesa insignis Chun : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi and Guizhou .
- Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi & Zoll. : It iswidespreadin China, Taiwan , Japan and northern Vietnam.
- Maesa lanceolata Forssk. : It has a wide distribution, often along rivers in the eastern part of Africa from the former Transkei to the Arabian Peninsula and further to India.
- Maesa lanyuensis Yuen P.Yang : It only occurs in Taiwan.
- Maesa longilanceolata C.Chen : It thrives at altitudes of 1300 to 1800 meters only in southeastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan.
- Maesa macilenta E. Walker : It thrives in laurel forests at altitudes of 300 to 600 meters only in southern Yunnan.
- Maesa macilentoides C.Chen : It only thrives at altitudes of 800 to 1300 meters in southern Yunnan.
- Maesa macrophylla Wall. ex EDClarke : It thrives in the Himalayas.
- Maesa manipurensis Mez : It is common in eastern India, Bangladesh and western Yunnan.
- Maesa marioniae Merrill : It mostly thrives at altitudes of 1,300 to 1,800 meters in Tibet, northwestern Yunnan and Myanmar.
- Maesa membranacea A.DC. : It is common in Cambodia , Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan.
- Maesa montana A.DC. (Syn .: Maesa henryi Hu ): It iswidespreadin China, Taiwan, India, Myanmar and Thailand .
- Maesa novo-caledonica Mez : Home is New Caledonia .
- Maesa parvifolia A.DC. : It is common in China and northern Vietnam.
- Maesa perlaria (Lour.) Merr. : It is common in China, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
- Maesa permollis In short : It iswidespreadin China, Laos , Myanmar and Thailand.
- Maesa ramentacea (Roxb.) A.DC. : It iswidespreadin China, Bangladesh, Cambodia , India, Indonesia , Laos, Malaysia , Myanmar, Vietnam and the Philippines .
- Maesa reticulata C.Y.Wu : It occurs in southern Yunnan and in Vietnam.
- Maesa rugosa C.B. Clarke : China and India thrive at higher altitudes.
- Maesa salicifolia Walker : It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 600 meters only in Guangdong .
- Maesa stonei Utteridge & RMKSaunders : It occurs in the Philippines.
- Maesa striatocarpa C.Chen : It only thrives in Yunnan at altitudes of 1,300 to 1,800 meters.
- Maesa tenera Mez : It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 600 meters only in central and southern Guangdong.
- Maesa velutina Mez : It is common in India .
use
Maesa lanceolata and Maesa indica are used as ornamental plants .
swell
- The subfamily of the Maesoideae in the family of the Primulaceae on the APWebsite = website of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (English)
- The genus Maesa for DELTA. (Section description)
- Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. : Maesa - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
- SMH Jafri, Saida Qaiser: Myrsinaceae. in the Flora of Pakistan : Maesa - Online. (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. : Maesa - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .
- ↑ Birgitta Bremer, Kåre Bremer, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, James L. Reveal, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Peter F. Stevens et al .: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. October 2009, Volume 161, Issue 2, pp. 105–121.
- ^ Arne A. Anderberg, Bertil Ståhl, Mari Källersjö: Maesaceae, a new primuloid family in the order Ericales sl In: Taxon. Volume 49, 2000, pp. 183-187.
- ^ Pehr Forsskål: Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. 1775, p. 66: Scanned in at botanicus.org .
- ↑ a b c d Hugh Glen, Mkhipheni Ngwenya: Maesa lanceolata. at plantzafrica.com . (English)
- ↑ Maesaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
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