Marek Edelman

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Marek Edelman, 2005.
Burial in Warsaw on October 9, 2009.
Wall painting by Dariusz Paczkowski in Warsaw-Muranów in memory of Edelman 2013.
Removed in 2014.

Marek Edelman (also written Edelmann ; born September 19, 1919 , † October 2, 2009 in Warsaw ) was a Polish cardiologist, politician and a commander of the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto .

Resistance fighters in World War II

Edelmann experienced pronounced, violent anti-Semitism even before 1939, during the Second Polish Republic . As a teenager, Marek Edelman joined the youth organization of the Jewish socialist party General Jewish Workers' Union ( Bund ) in Warsaw , which played an important role in the underground of the Warsaw Ghetto , primarily because of its contacts with the equally illegal Polish Socialist Party .

After the “major evacuation” to the Treblinka extermination camp from July 22 to September 21, 1942, the clashes began, especially between the Jewish youth groups, about the formation of armed resistance organizations. Edelman played a leading role in the negotiations for the federal government . In November 1942 the Bundists joined the Jewish Fighting Organization (Polish Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa or ŻOB). Edelman moved up as a representative of his organization in the central management of the organization.

When the fighting in the ghetto began in April 1943, Edelman was initially responsible for the “brush maker zone”. There he commanded the fighters of five resistance groups. He was part of the last combat group that held out at the OOB headquarters until the end. On May 10, 1943, he and the last surviving fighters escaped through the sewer system from the ghetto and went into hiding in Warsaw.

In August 1944 Edelman took part in the Warsaw Uprising with a federal combat group .

Work after the Second World War

After the war Edelman stayed in Poland and studied medicine at the Łódź Medical Academy . Until his retirement he worked as a cardiologist in Łódź .

He published several times in Polish, Yiddish and English about the fighting in the Warsaw Ghetto and the role of the Federation during the uprising.

Since 1976 he has been involved in the Committee for the Defense of Workers (KOR), and in the 1980s in the Solidarność trade union . Because of this, he was temporarily imprisoned during the imposition of martial law in Poland (1981–1983) . In 1989 he represented Solidarność at the round table . From 1989 to 1993 he was a member of the Sejm .

In the summer of 2002, he sent an open letter “To all leaders of the Palestinian military, paramilitary and guerrilla forces. To all soldiers of Palestinian militant groups. ”He called on them not to send soldiers to certain death, but to be aware of their own political strength and therefore seek negotiations. The tone of solidarity angered the Israeli government and the Zionist press.

His grave is in the Jewish cemetery on Okopowa Street .

Daniel Cohn-Bendit said of Edelman in 2014: “He is a role model for me. My enthusiasm for resistance, revolts and revolutions also has something to do with it. "

Awards

Works

(Selection)

  • Ghetto walczy. Udział Bundu w obronie getta warszawskiego. Nakładem Centralnego Komitetu Bundu, Warsaw 1945 (Polish).
    • The ghetto is fighting. Ingrid Strobl (foreword); Ewa Czerwiakowski, Jerzy Czerwiakowski (translation). Harald-Kater-Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-927170-05-4 .
  • Resisting the Holocaust. Fighting back in the Warsaw ghetto. 2004, ISBN 1-876175-52-4 (English).
  • Paula Sawicka, Marek Edelman: I była miłość w getcie. Świat Książki, 2009, ISBN 978-83-247-1416-2 (Polish; in German: And it was love in the ghetto ) or the translation by Joanna Manc: Love in the ghetto . Foreword by Paula Sawicka. Schöffling & Co., Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-89561-418-7 .

literature

  • Rudi Assuntino, Wlodek Goldkorn: Strażnik. Marek Edelman opowiada . Znak 1999, ISBN 83-240-0647-8 (Polish).
    • The Guardian. Marek Edelman tells . Beck, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-406-48656-8 .
    • Rudi Assuntino, Wlodek Goldkorn (ed.): Il guardino: Marek Edelman racconta . Fine secolo, 10. Sellerio editore, Palermo 1998. 168 pp. (Cf. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , April 12, 1999, No. 84, p. 11).
  • Witold Bereś, Krzysztof Burnetko, Marek Edelman: Życie. Po prostu . Warszawa, Świat Książki, 2008, ISBN 978-83-247-0892-5 (Polish)
  • Włodzimierz Filipek and Anka Grupińska (Polish 1985, German 1986), “‹ Don't talk nonsense, my child… ›A conversation with Marek Edelman” [“Rozmowa z Markiem Edelmanem”, in: Czas , No. 4/5 (1985 ); German], Anna Langer (transl.), in: Babylon: Contributions to the Jewish Present , Issue 1 (1986), pp. 92-107. ISBN 3-8015-0211-2
    • Włodzimierz Filipek and Anka Grupińska (Polish 1985, German 1993), “What was important in the ghetto? Nothing! Nothing at all! Don't talk nonsense! A conversation with Marek Edelman ”[“ Rozmowa z Markiem Edelmanem ”, in: Czas , No. 4/5 (1985); German], Anna Langer (translator), in: In the circle: Conversations with Jewish fighters . New Criticism Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-8015-0266-X , pp. 9–34.
  • Hanna Krall : Zdążyć przed Panem Bogiem . Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1977 (Polish; based on conversations with Edelman).
    • To anticipate the Lord God. A factual report , in German by Hubert Schumann. Volk und Welt publishing house, Berlin 1979; New Critique Publishing House, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-8015-0252-X ; Goldmann, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-442-72323-X .
    • Faster than God , translated from Polish by Klaus Staemmler. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 1980, ISBN 3-518-11023-3 (with a foreword by Willy Brandt ).
    • The ghetto is fighting ( Ghetto Walczy , Warsaw 1945). Translated from Polish by Ewa and Jerzy Czerwiakowski, with a foreword by Ingrid Strobl . Harald-Kater-Verlag, 2nd edition Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-927170-05-4 .

Web links

Commons : Marek Edelman  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adrianna Adamik: Marek Edelman's Mural disappeared from Muranów. In: Virtual Shtetl . October 22, 2014, archived from the original on September 10, 2016 ; accessed on May 7, 2018 (English).
  2. ^ John Rose: Marek Edelman: Last surviving leader of the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto uprising against the Nazis. In: The Independent . October 7, 2009, accessed May 7, 2018 . Marek Edelman: The last leader of the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto is dead. Dpa report on Zeit Online , October 3, 2009, accessed on May 7, 2018 .
  3. ^ Anti-Semitism before the war. (Flash video, 3:44 minutes) Web of Stories, accessed October 2, 2017 (Polish, video interview with Edelman, English subtitles).
  4. ^ Marek Edelman: Letter to Palestinian military organizations. (doc, 43 kB) (No longer available online.) International Jewish Solidarity Network, archived from the original on February 3, 2012 ; Retrieved November 8, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Yair Sheleg: Letter to 'Palestinian Partisans' Raises International Storm. In: Haaretz . August 9, 2002, accessed May 7, 2018 . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.jewishsolidarity.info
  5. ^ Paul Foot: Palestine's partisans. In: The Guardian . August 21, 2002, accessed November 8, 2009 .
  6. The mirror. No. 14, March 31, 2014, p. 45.
  7. Doctor hc dla Marka Edelmana. In: Gazeta Wyborcza . October 8, 2007, Retrieved May 7, 2018 (Polish).
  8. Joanna Roqueblave: Distinction - Marek Edelman: homme entier et éternel dissident. In: Lepetitjournal.com . April 17, 2008, archived from the original on October 14, 2014 ; accessed on May 7, 2018 (French).
  9. Marek Edelman doktorem honoris causa UJ. In: Gazeta Wyborcza. June 8, 2009, archived from the original on April 16, 2013 ; Retrieved May 7, 2018 (Polish).
  10. ^ The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. - Excerpt from The Fighting Ghetto in English, Literature of the Holocaust collection on the University of Pennsylvania website .