Maria Clementina Sobieska
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Maria Clementina Sobieska ( Polish Maria Klementyna Sobieska * 18th July 1702 in Oława , Principality Oława , Kingdom of Bohemia , Holy Roman Empire ; † 18th January 1735 in Rome , Papal States ) was a Polish princess of the noble family of Sobieski and by marriage Titularkönigin from Great Britain , Ireland and France .
Life
Maria Clementina was the fourth daughter of Crown Prince Jakob Louis Heinrich Sobieski (1667–1737) and his wife Princess Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia von Pfalz-Neuburg (1673–1722), a daughter of Elector Philipp Wilhelm von der Pfalz . Her paternal grandfather was the Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania, John III. Sobieski . Maria Clementina was born in Ohlau , which Emperor Leopold I pledged to her father from 1691 to 1737. Pope Clement XI acted as godfather for the little princess .
On September 3, 1719, Maria Clementina Sobieska married in the Cathedral of Santa Margherita in Montefiascone James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766), known as the Old Pretender , the British (English and Scottish) pretender to the throne and eldest son of King Jacob II and his second wife Princess Maria Beatrice of Modena-d'Este . From the marriage of Maria Clementina to Stuart there were two sons:
- Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart (1720–1788), called Bonnie Prince Charlie , ⚭ 1772 in Paris Princess Luise zu Stolberg-Gedern (1752–1824),
- Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart (1725–1807), Cardinal and Bishop of Frascati and from 1803 to 1807 Cardinal Bishop of Ostia .
Before that, the British government, which for political reasons did not approve of this marriage, had tried every possible means to thwart this marriage. Even the Roman-German Emperor Charles VI. Family ties with the Sobieski family were involved in the game of intrigue. Since Austria maintained friendly relations with Great Britain , the emperor could not avoid the wishes of the allies and offered the Sobieski family a generous annual pension if they refrain from marrying their daughter to the British pretender and let the planned wedding break. Since the happiness of their daughter was more important to the Sobieski family than the amount of money offered, but on the other hand they had to assume that the emperor would probably never accept that his offer would be turned down, the mother of the princess decided to save her daughter Landes and escort from Silesia, where the Sobieski family was wealthy, to Italy , where she was to meet her husband. Hardly on my travels, this plan was already revealed. The emperor immediately ordered the government in Innsbruck to detain their mother and daughter on their way through to Italy. It was only through a trick that the married couple managed to escape the captors, so that finally there was no longer any obstacle to the wedding of the bride and groom in Italy.
After the marriage they lived in Rome. Your godfather Pope Clement XI. gave them the Palazzo Muti (today: Palazzo Balestra) and a country house near Albano as well as an annual allowance from the papal treasury of 12,000 crowns. After the birth of her second child (1725), Maria Clementina left her husband for adultery and went to the monastery of St. Cecilia in Rome. It was at least two years before she returned to her family. A short time later, her state of mind and health deteriorated noticeably. She died on January 18, 1735 in the Palazzo Muti. By order of Pope Clement XII. she was given a great state funeral. Her remains were buried below St. Peter's Basilica.
funeral
Death sheet
Tomb in St. Peter's Basilica
Others
- Her husband was born in France in 1701 as Jakob III. proclaimed the rightful King of England . But only France, Modena , Spain , Savoy and the Pope recognized the proclamation.
- In 1742, the Italian baroque sculptors Filippo Barigioni and Pietro Bracci created a tomb for the Catholic exiled queen Maria Clementina.
- How it happened to the Polish princess on her trip through Tyrol , the art and cultural historian Dr. David Schönherr in a popular science lecture given in the auditorium of Innsbruck University in 1876.
literature
- Amy Vitteleschi: A Court in Exile . Hutchinson, London 1903.
- Gaetano Platania: La Politica Europea e il Matrimonio Inglese di una Principessa Polacca. Maria Clementina Sobieska . Vecchiarelli, Rome 1993.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hugo Weczerka (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 376.
- ↑ Jacobite index of places
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sobieska, Maria Clementina |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sobieska, Maria Klementyna |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish princess |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 18, 1702 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ohlau , Principality of Ohlau |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 18, 1735 |
| Place of death | Rome |