Maripa

Maripa
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Nightshade (Solanales)
Family :	Bindweed family (Convolvulaceae)
Genre :	Maripa
Scientific name
	Maripa
	Aubl.

Maripa is a plant genus in the family of wind plants (Convolvulaceae). The 20or so species are common in Central and South America.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Maripa species are lianas whose trunks , which can be up to 30 m long, reach a diameter of up to 30 cm. They grow up along trees, and if there is no support they crawl across the ground. While the younger trunks are often angled, the larger trunks are hollow. In cross section, this is Mark more or less colored round and light brown. The formation of tendrils from transformed side shoots is known of some species .

The simple leaves are alternate to almost opposite. They are hairless or bald, occasionally with star-shaped trichomes . The petioles are runny; the leaf blades are mostly elliptical, ovoid or obovate to elongated, with a length of usually 8 to 20 cm (4 to 30 cm). The vein is loopy (brochidrodrom). Stipules are missing.

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescences are paniculate - Thyrsusförmig or traubig and are terminally on lateral branches or directly in the leaf axils. The hair is usually fine and consists of two-branched or star-shaped trichomes and / or shield-shaped glandular scales. The bracts are triangular to inversely ovate, they can be persistent or sloping, they are hairless or finely haired. The bracts are scaly and can be hairless or finely hairy.

The hermaphroditic flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope and are often fragrant. The sepals overlap roof-like (quincuncial), they are egg-shaped, elongated, broad-egg-shaped to round. The inner sepals are often notched, the outer ones are pointed to rounded. They are the same or almost the same length, with the inner sepals usually a little wider than they are long. They are usually leathery with a membranous edge and ciliate with attached, two-forked, star-shaped or scaly hair. The crown is funnel-shaped, bell-funnel-shaped, cylindrical-funnel-shaped or bell-shaped. The color ranges from white to purple or pink, the size ranges from 10 to 60 mm. The corolla lobes are mostly weak, only occasionally deeply lobed. Usually they are rounded, rarely pointed or wavy. The conformation fold of the petals (plicae) is hairless, the axis of the petals (interplicae) is hairy with adjacent trichomes.

The stamens are on the same radius as the petals (epipetal), mostly they do not protrude beyond the crown. The stamens are glandular-shaggy, triangularly widened at the base, towards the top they become thread-shaped. The anthers are fixed on the back, arrow-shaped, almost arrow-shaped or narrowly egg-shaped and turned inward on the long side. The flower base is cup-shaped and often covered with five lobes that may produce nectar . The ovary is round, cylindrical or conical, partially divided into two chambers by an incomplete partition in the lower part. Most of the ovary is hairless, only occasionally the tip is finely haired. The styles are usually completely fused with one another, only rarely are they partially free. Occasionally the tip is finely haired. The scar consists of two lobes that stand close together when the stylus are fully fused or otherwise free from each other, with one lobe slightly below the other.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits are nut-like , rounded to elliptical, the pericarp is hard to hard woody. Depending on the degree of stunting of the ovules, the fruits contain one to four seeds . These are 10 to 22 mm long, hairless, ovate to elongated elliptical, rounded or, if there is more than one seed in the fruit, also flattened on one side or triangular if there are more than two seeds. The seeds are surrounded by a gel-like, often sweet or fragrant perisperm . The seed coat is soft, paper-like to membranous. The embryo is folded upright and crosswise, rarely also crosswise and lengthwise. The cotyledons are usually thick, only rarely thin.

Systematics and distribution

Taxonomy

The genus Maripa was established in 1775 by Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusée Aublet . Type species is Maripa scandens Aubl. Synonyms for Maripa Aubl. are: Maireria Scop. nom. superfl., Mouroucoa Aubl. , Murucoa J.F. Gmel . orth. var., Murueva Raf. orth. var., Gaseranthus Poit. ex Meisn.

Dissemination of the subgenera and sections

The species of the subgenus Ripama are mainly found in the Guiana lowlands and along the Amazon . In the north, the species of this subgenus are distributed as far as Suriname , in the east as far as the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Goiás . In the west, the sites reach as far as the Brazilian states of Rondônia and Acre and the Peruvian departments of Loreto and Amazonas .

The subgenus Maripa covers a larger distribution area from the Amazon basin to Belize and Guatemala in Central America. The Maripa section occurs mostly in the area north of the Amazon, only Maripa scandens has a wider distribution. The distribution areas of the Mouroucoa section range from the Brazilian state of Pará to Acre and Loreto, to the north the sites extend to Central America.

External system

Within the bindweed family, the genus is classified into the Maripeae tribe according to molecular biological knowledge . In addition to the genus Maripa , the genera Dicranostyles and Lysiostyles also belong to this tribe.

Internal system

The genus Maripa is divided into two sub-genera. One of the sub-genres is further divided into two sections and three subsections.

Sub-genera, sections and subsections of the genus Maripa with about 20 species

Subgenus Ripama D.Austin

Maripa axilliflora Mart. ex Meisn. : It occurs from eastern Peru to western Brazil.
Maripa elongata Ducke : It occurs in Venezuela and northern Brazil.
Maripa longifolia Sagot ex Hall.f. : It occurs in French Guiana and in the Brazilian state of Acre .
Maripa reticulata Ducke : It occurs in two varieties in tropical South America.

Subgenus Maripa

Section Maripa

Maripa densiflora Benth. : It occurs from northern South America to northern Brazil.
Maripa glabra Choisy : It occurs from northern South America to northern Brazil.
Maripa janusiana D.Austin : It occurs in Peru and northern Brazil.
Maripa lewisii D.Austin : It only occurs in Panama .
Maripa paniculata Barb.-Rodr. : It occurs in tropical South America.
Maripa scandens Aubl. : It occurs from northern South America to Brazil.
Maripa williamsii from Oststr. : It occurs in Peru and in central Colombia .

Section Mouroucoa (Aubl.) D.Austin

Mouroucoa subsection

Maripa violacea (Aubl.) From Oststr. ex Lanjouw & Uittien : It occurs from northern South America to northern Brazil.

Subsection Melofructae D.Austin

Maripa nicaraguensis Hemsley : It occurs from southeast Mexico to Ecuador.
Maripa panamensis Hemsley : It occurs from Panama to Venezuela .
Maripa peruviana from Oststr. : It occurs from Colombia to Peru and northern Brazil.
Maripa stellulata Steyermark : It occurs only in northern Venezuela.

Subsection Yacuascae D.Austin

Maripa fasciculata from Oststr. : It occurs in Colombia and Peru.
Maripa pauciflora D.Austin : It occurs from Venezuela to Peru.
Maripa putumayana D.Austin : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador.
Maripa repens Rusby : It occurs in Colombia and Venezuela.

swell

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Maripa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 30, 2017.
^ Saša Stefanović, Daniel Austin, Robert Olmstead: Classification of Convolvulaceae: A Phylogenetic Approach. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Number 4, 2003, pp. 791-806. (PDF; 318 kB)
^ Daniel Austin: Additions to the Panamanian Convulvaceae. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Vol. 65, 1978. pp. 777-780. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

literature

Daniel Austin: The American Erycibeae (Convolvulaceae): Maripa, Dicranostyles, and Lysiostyles. I. Systematics. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 60, 1973. pp. 306-412. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Maripa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 30, 2017.

[Stefanovic03-2] Saša Stefanović, Daniel Austin, Robert Olmstead: Classification of Convolvulaceae: A Phylogenetic Approach. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Number 4, 2003, pp. 791-806. (PDF; 318 kB)

[Austin78-3] Daniel Austin: Additions to the Panamanian Convulvaceae. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Vol. 65, 1978. pp. 777-780. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .