Marco d'Aviano

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Blessed Father Marco d'Aviano
Statue in front of the Capuchin Church in Vienna
Statue of the Blessed in front of the Capuchin Church in Budapest

Marco d'Aviano (born November 17, 1631 in Aviano , Italy ; † August 13, 1699 in Vienna ) was a religious priest and Capuchin . In the Catholic Church he is venerated as a blessed .

Life

D'Aviano came to Aviano ( Friuli ) on November 17, 1631 as the son of Marco Cristofori (also written Christophori) and Rosa née. Zannoni and was named Carlo Domenico when he was baptized. In 1648 he entered the Capuchin Order and took the name Marco to dress . He made his profession on November 21, 1649 . After studying theology , he was ordained a priest on September 18, 1655 .

Fr. Marco worked as a preacher all over Italy. A miraculous healing in 1676 made him known beyond the borders of Italy. His sermons in Latin or Italian, in which he called for a deepening of faith, repentance of sins and penance, were often accompanied by mass conversions and miracles . His mission trips also took him to France, Flanders and Westphalia. On his second mission trip in 1681, according to legend, he even managed to heal at a distance from Liège to the Thorner canon Clara Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim .

After meeting Emperor Leopold I in 1680, he became his friendly advisor and pastor. In 1683 he was the papal legate for the second Turkish siege of Vienna . He convinced Charles V of Lorraine , the Polish King John III. To leave Sobieski in command of the relief army and to advance quickly towards Vienna. On September 12, 1683, Marco d'Aviano celebrated Holy Mass in the " Leopoldi Capelln am Kahlenberg ", on today's Leopoldsberg, before the relief battle . Because of his political and ecclesiastical commitment, he is also called the savior of Vienna . Until 1689 he took part in campaigns against the Turks as a preacher and pastor . However, only the presence of d'Aviano at the liberation of Ofen in 1686 and Belgrade in 1687 is documented.

Marco D'Aviano is buried in the Pietà Chapel of the Capuchin Church in Vienna. His beatification process began on December 10, 1912; he was beatified on April 27, 2003. In the Catholic Church, his feast day is August 13 .

iconography

D'Aviano is usually depicted in the Capuchin habit with a crucifix in his right hand, an attribute of consecrated life .

reception

Marco d'Aviano was honored as a hero over the centuries at the Turkish liberation celebrations in Vienna, although he played a rather minor role in the celebrations until 1890. From 1890 to 1935, however, several books on d'Aviano were published that were not primarily published out of historical interest, but pursued a certain policy. In the Austro- fascist corporate state , the political appropriation of d'Aviano culminated in comparisons with dictator Engelbert Dollfuss . In 1933, Cardinal Theodor Innitzer referred to both of them as “saviors of the West”, in 1935 a large-scale celebration on June 9, 1935 , unveiled a statue of Avianos in front of the Capuchin Church by Hans Mauer . In the same year, the former Schwangasse in the first district of Vienna was renamed Marco-d'Aviano-Gasse . The alley is between the New Market (where the Kapuzinerkirche is also located) and Kärntner Straße .

Others

In the film September Eleven 1683 , which deals with the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna , Marco D'Aviano is portrayed by F. Murray Abraham .

literature

  • Josef Dominicus Hamminger: Leopoldi Capelln on the Kallenberg or St. Joseph's Church of the PP Camaldolese on the Josephsberg? Where did Father Marco d'Aviano before d. Decisive battle on September 12, 1683 celebrated Holy Mass? In: Vienna Catholic Academy. Miscellanea, series 3, 100 . Vienna Catholic Academy, Vienna 1986
  • Volker Press :  Marco d'Aviano. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 128 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Erich Feigl : Half moon and cross: Marco d'Aviano and the rescue of Europe . Amalthea, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-85002-326-5 .
  • Fidelis Krautsack : Markus von Aviano: Herald of a united Christian Europe . Provincialate of the Capuchins, Vienna 1999 (edited posthumously by Erhard Mayerl).
  • Johanna Pisa, Isabella Wasner-Peter: Marco d'Aviano: preacher and diplomat . Vienna 2000
  • Jan Mikrut (ed.): The importance of Fr. Markus von Aviano for Europe . Vienna 2003
  • Ronny Baier:  Marco d'Aviano. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 23, Bautz, Nordhausen 2004, ISBN 3-88309-155-3 , Sp. 35-38.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Ute Küppers-Braun: A miracle in Thorn? Clara Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim and Markus von Aviano . In: Das Münster am Hellweg , bulletin of the Association for the Preservation of the Essen Minster. Essen 2007, pp. 63–83.
  • Silvano Cavazza:  Marco d'Aviano. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 69:  Mangiabotti – Marconi. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2007.
  • Hans-Joachim Böttcher : The Turkish Wars in the Mirror of Saxon Biographies . Gabriele Schäfer Verlag Herne 2019, ISBN 978-3-944487-63-2 . Pp. 82,89,129,135,137,145,147, 149,156.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Frantz Wilhelm Aymair: Authentisirter term Dess miraculous faith / Heyl würckenden Seegens / And to such Benediction ertheilter GOD Benefici s and made vilen wondrous events / Dess God blessed P. MARCI De Aviano, Capuchin religious preachers. [...] printed by Simon Utzschneider, Augsburg 1681
  2. ↑ a b Vienna's street names since 1860 as “Political Places of Remembrance” (PDF; 4.4 MB), p. 239f, final research project report, Vienna, July 2013
  3. ↑ Hans Vollmer (Ed.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century . Leipzig 1930, Volume 24, p. 274.

Web links

Commons : Marco d'Aviano  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Aviano, Marco d '
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aviano, Carlo Domenico d '
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Capuchins, preachers, blessed ones
DATE OF BIRTH November 17, 1631
PLACE OF BIRTH Aviano , Italy
DATE OF DEATH August 13, 1699
Place of death Vienna