Maubara
| Maubara | |||
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| Coordinates | 8 ° 37 ′ S , 125 ° 12 ′ E | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| Country | East Timor | ||
| Liquiçá | |||
| Administrative office | Maubara | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | TL-LI | ||
| Suco | Vaviquinia | ||
| height | 16 m | ||
 Maubara Church (2014)
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Maubara ( Maubere ) is an East Timorese place in the Office of Administration Maubara , community Liquiçá .
geography
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The place is in the northeast of the Sucos Vaviquinia at an altitude of 16 m , about 48 km west of the capital Dili , on the coast of the Sawu Sea . East of Maubara flows into the river Bahonu at Ponta Sia Ilo . Opposite is the Indonesian island of Alor . At Maubara you will find some of the few mangrove forests in Timor. Three kilometers to the east is the salty Maubarasee ( Lago Maubara, Sia Maubara ), the many birds provides a habitat.
history
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Maubara was one of the traditional kingdoms of Timor , ruled by a liurai . It appears on a list by Afonso de Castro , a former governor of Portuguese Timor who listed 47 empires in 1868. In 1667 the area of today's administrative office came under the influence of the Netherlands , who built a fort here in 1756 . It is right at the entrance to Maubara, from where you can see the entire bay on the beach. There are still old cannons in the well-preserved fortress today. During this time the Dutch in Maubara first planted coffee on Timor. In 1790 the Topasse ruler Pedro da Hornay attacked Maubara unsuccessfully on behalf of Portugal , with which he only succeeded in Maubara renewing his alliance with the Netherlands and setting the flag of the Netherlands . From 1796 to 1799 Maubara and Groß-Sonba'i were at war with the Portuguese.
In the Treaty of Lisbon in 1859, the Dutch agreed to cede Maubara to the Portuguese as part of a major exchange of territory. The handover took place in April 1861. It is speculated that Dom Carlos , the Liurai of Maubara, incited the empire of Ulmera to a rebellion against the Portuguese in 1861. Despite good persuasion from the Dutch, he had not come to terms with the new masters. The Ulmera rebellion was finally put down in September with the help of the Liurais loyal to the Portuguese.
In the spring of 1867 the Kemak from Lermean (today the municipality of Ermera ) , who were under the sovereignty of Maubara, rose . Governor Francisco Teixeira da Silva put down the resistance in an unequal battle. In the decisive battle, which lasted 48 hours, the rebels had to defend themselves against a superior force that was superior to firepower. 15 villages were captured and burned down. The number of victims among the Timorese is not known, the Portuguese put their own casualties at two dead and eight wounded. The territory of Lermeans was divided among the neighboring kingdoms.
In 1869 the captain of the Portuguese corvette Sa de Bandeira described Maubara as a collection of a few huts made of straw and palm leaves, one of which belonged to the commander of the district there. The loose stone fort, close to the seashore, was only armed with a single, rusty cannon at this point. In 1889 a customs post was established in Maubara.
In 1893 Maubara himself, together with Atabae, revolted against the expansion of military and administrative control in Portugal. The Liurai attacked two Portuguese military posts in Dato and Vatuboro and tried to win the Dutch back as a protective power. As a result of the suppression of the uprising, cholera broke out in Maubara . In November the Liurai officially signed a written treaty with Portugal on Maubara's vassal status.
During the Second World War , Portuguese Timor was occupied by the Japanese . In Liquiçá and Maubara, the entire remaining Portuguese population was interned in camps from the end of October 1942 . The conditions in the camp were poor, food was scarce and the hygienic conditions inadequate due to a lack of water. Many Portuguese died because of it. Although there was a Portuguese doctor who was later assigned two Japanese doctors, there was a lack of medicine. During the first year Japanese soldiers guarded the camp, later Japanese Kempeitai , along with Timorese guards and spies.
During the civil war between UDT and FRETILIN in 1975, the people of Vaviquinia fled to the Indonesian West Timor for fear of violence .
Shortly afterwards, Indonesia began to occupy East Timor, which had just declared itself independent. In June 1976 Indonesian troops attacked Maubara. Here, too, there were massacres of the civilian population. Among other things, 50 men from the Chinese minority were murdered. At the end of 1979 there was a so-called transit camp in Maubara , where the occupiers interned East Timorese civilians. Between 1970 and 1980, the population in what was then the Maubara sub- district fell from 14,610 to 11,450 by 21.6%.
In 1999, pro-Indonesian militias ( Wanra ) tried to use force to influence the mood ahead of the August 30 independence referendum . One of the most feared Wanra in East Timor, the Besi Merah Putih (BMP), comes from the village of Maubara , and was mainly forcibly recruited in this sub-district and also had its headquarters here. The BMP was already active from January 1999. She committed hundreds of crimes before the referendum and after the independence decision was announced. Many people fled for fear of the forced recruitment. On January 19, the BMP attacked Maubara, whereupon many residents fled to Leotala .
City layout and buildings
The northern coastal road, one of the most important traffic routes in the country, runs through the town. In Maubara there are two primary schools, a pre-secondary school, a police station and a community health center. Ships can anchor off Maubara.
The rectangular Fort Maubara , on the wall of which there are still two cannons, is the town's most striking structure and is located on the well-developed thoroughfare. Opposite is the old customs house, which is also worth seeing, which was built in the 1920s and is now a commercial building. Behind the fortress, a small park was created around the grave monument of Liurai (traditional ruler) José Nunes (1876–1952). A little uphill from here a road leads into the center of the village with its dead straight streets, where the health center and the market square with the small market hall are located near the municipal administration. The Catholic Church was built during the tenure of Vicar General and Bishop António Joaquim de Medeiros (1877-1897) in the neoclassical style on the main street across the river. Next to her is the former school Escola Padre Medeiros , which was built in the second half of the 18th century, when Maubara was still a Dutch property. In the 21st century the building was demolished and rebuilt in a somewhat modernized form. It now serves as the residence of the Bishop of Maliana when he is in Maubara.
See also
Web links
supporting documents
- Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor - Technical University of Lisbon (PDF; 805 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ TIMOR LORO SAE, Um pouco de história ( Memento of the original dated November 13, 2001 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ East Timor - PORTUGUESE DEPENDENCY OF EAST TIMOR ( Memento of February 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Gunn p. 50
- ↑ Fernando Augusto de Figueiredo: Timor. A presença portuguesa (1769-1945) (PDF; 66.18 MB)
- ↑ Chronologie de l'histoire du Timor (1512-1945) suivie des événements récents (1975-1999) (French; PDF; 867 kB)
- ^ Gunn p. 86
- ↑ a b c d "Chapter 7.3 Forced Displacement and Famine" (PDF; 1.3 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
- ↑ "Part 3: The History of the Conflict" (PDF; 1.4 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
- ↑ Vaudine England: Chinese legacy of fear in Dili , South China Morning Post, August 30, 1999 , accessed on 19 March 2018th
- ↑ UNMIT: Timor-Leste District Atlas version 02, August 2008 ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 475 kB)
- ↑ a b c Information board on the building (in Tetum, Portuguese, English)
