Max Linde
Max Linde (born June 14, 1862 ; † April 23, 1940 in Lübeck ) was an ophthalmologist in Lübeck and a well-known patron and art collector of the early 20th century.
Life
Linde was born as the eldest son of the pharmacist and respected photographer Hermann Linde sen. born. His brothers were the painters Heinrich Eduard Linde-Walther and Hermann Linde . He attended the Katharineum in Lübeck until he graduated from high school at Easter 1882. After studying medicine, doing a doctorate and then working as a ship doctor, he first settled in Hamburg as a doctor, turned to ophthalmology around 1892 and opened his ophthalmological practice in Lübeck in 1897. With the fortune of his wife Marie, born in Hamburg, from a council family in Hamburg. Holthusen, daughter of Senator Gottfried Holthusen , and their support, it was possible for him in the period up to the First World War to build up one of the larger and more important private art collections of his collecting area in Europe. The Linde family was able to acquire one of the most beautiful classicist summer houses in Lübeck just outside the city gates, the Lindesche Villa in the suburb of St. Jürgen, named after them today . His friend Henry van de Velde helped to redesign the house for the purposes of the Linde family while preserving the classical substance. At that time, he was also doing commissions for Emil Possehl and others in Lübeck . With regard to his collection, Max Linde was in close contact with the leading art dealers of the Berlin Secession such as Paul Cassirer . Overall, the house was designed a little lighter in order to better accentuate the works of art in addition to the stylish furnishings of the Empire . Max Linde lost his fortune in the inflation of the 1920s and the collection was scattered around the world. Until his death, he lived in an apartment on the upper floor of Villa Linde, which, after being acquired by the city of Lübeck, now serves as the Hanseatic city's registry office.
1902–1904 Linde was a board member of the Lübeck Yacht Club . He was also General Secretary of the German-Chinese Association from 1914 and of the Association for the Far East from 1919 .
Collection Dr. Linden tree
The focus of Max Linde's collection was on paintings by the French impressionist , works by Max Liebermann , Arnold Böcklin and Whistler, as well as sculptures. The art historian Otto Grautoff (1876–1937) describes it in his Lübeck art history dedicated to Julia Mann (1908):
“... Then the hour will come when the people of Lübeck recognize the worth and importance of their fellow citizen Linde, whose art collection is better known today as the only significant art collection of a Lübeck in Berlin and Paris than in Lübeck itself. Linde has the largest private collection of Rodinian sculptures on the continent, a beautiful collection of paintings in which the great masters of French painting and the Norwegian Edvard Munch are represented with important works; With its collection, Linde has made the name of the city of Lübeck known to the whole of the European art world as the site of a Mäcens educated in Europe. "
Auguste Rodin
Between 1900 and 1905 Linde acquired eight sculptures by Rodin , including Das Eherne Zeitalter and Penseur . Linde's correspondence with Rodin has largely been preserved: his letters to Rodin in the Musée Rodin and Rodin's letters to Linde in the archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck . Linde thus owned the largest Rodin collection that has ever existed in Germany .
Not only the interior of the house, but also the park of the Lindesche Villa was characterized by these sculptures. Linde's casting of the Penseur was the first casting of the monumental version enlarged to 198 cm by the Alexis Rudier foundry. Ordered by Linde, the cast was exhibited in Leipzig in November 1904. On the way from Leipzig to Lübeck, the gallery commissioned with the transport had the sculpture exhibited in Berlin, which met with fierce opposition from Rodin. After the sale, Linde's Denker came into the possession of the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1922 , where it is now located in front of the main entrance to the museum.
Two further works by Rodin, the marble sculptures Danaide (acquired from Linde in 1900) and 3 Sirens (acquired in 1901), Linde sold in 1927 to the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen .
Another marble sculpture, Eve from 1901, was acquired around 1922 by Siegfried Buchenau , who was then living on Gut Niendorf . His descendants had the sculpture auctioned at Sotheby’s in May 2014 . Buchenau probably also acquired the bronze Faunesse à genoux , as a copy of it was in the household of the professor at Dartmouth College Half Zantop (* 1938), grandson of Siegfried Buchenau, who was murdered in 2001 with his wife Susanne . Edvard Munch captured this sculpture on an etching in the winter garden of the Lindesche Villa.
Linde's copy of Rodin's The Bronze Age , cast in 1901, was also acquired by Buchenau. It stood on loan in the garden of the Behnhaus Museum for a long time until it was reclaimed by the heirs who were then living in Spain in the early 1950s. The heirs sold the sculpture to the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa in 1956 through Fritz Nathan in Zurich .
Edvard Munch
The collector Albert Kollmann put him in contact with Edvard Munch , who from 1902 was often a guest of the Lindes in Lübeck and lived and worked there for longer periods until 1907. In this respect, “Linde's cast of the thinker” is at least the only one painted by Edvard Munch. One of Munch's main works, the portrait The Sons of Dr. Linde is explained in terms of its origin and in the Behnhaus testifies to this time of friendship between patrons and artists. It stands as the high point between the girls from Åsgårdstrand and the comparable commissioned work for Villa Esche , which Munch visibly did not like . Munch's last visit to Lübeck was in 1926.
One of the commissioned works that Max Linde did not accept from Edvard Munch was the Linde frieze , a cycle of at least eleven pictures that were intended as a commission to decorate a room in the Lindesche Villa. Out of consideration for his children, Linde did not take down the pictures because one of them showed couples kissing in the park. Most of the pictures in the linden frieze are now in the Munch Museum in Oslo . For the equivalent of the order of RM 4,000, Linde then took over other pictures from Munch.
Edouard Manet
The whereabouts of four of Manet's works is known. The painter Emile Guillaurdin on horseback is in the Ford private collection in Dearborn , Michigan , USA. The equestrian portrait of Marie Lafébure belongs to the collection of the Museu de Arte de São Paulo , Brazil . Manet's self-portrait with skullcap belongs to the Artizon Museum in Tokyo, while the painting Parisienne , a portrait of Ellen Andrée , belongs to the National Museum in Stockholm .
Review
In 1982 Eggum noted in one of his final footnotes: A complete clarification of what was in Linde's collection before it was dissolved is a research task for the future. This statement applies not only to Munch's works, but to the entire Max Linde collection. This was possibly estimated shortly before the First World War by the then director of the Kunsthalle Mannheim , Fritz Wichert .
Representations of the Linde family and the Lübeck Villa Linde in the Munch plant
The representations are varied, about the most famous work The Children of Dr. Linde also made etchings of the portraits of Linde and his wife Marie. The Villa Linde and the extensive garden were included in a folder and are a frequent subject of the depiction; Rodin's Thinker in the Garden Dr. Lindes (1907) combines Rodin's work with Munch's. A stand portrait of Max Linde in a dark suit is in the Staatsgalerie Moritzburg Halle , another in a yacht suit in the Stenersen Museum in Oslo.
Works
- Max Linde: Edvard Munch and the art of the future , Berlin 1902 (published by Max Gottheiner).
literature
- Emil Heilbut : The Max Linde Collection in Lübeck , in Art and Artists , 1904, pp. 6–20, 303–325.
- Digitized version , part I
- Digitized version , part II
- Otto Grautoff : Lübeck , series cultural sites , volume 9, Leipzig 1908, p. 156 ff.
- Carl Georg Heise : Edvard Munch and his relationships with Lübeck , in: Der Wagen 1927, pp. 82–90.
- Friedrich v. Rohden: From old Lübeck doctors , in: Der Wagen 1960, p. 83 (90ff).
- Lothar Linde: Memories of Marie Linde , in: Der Wagen 1961, p. 101 ff.
- Gustav Lindtke (ed.): Edvard Munch -. Dr. Max Linde. Exchange of letters 1902-1928 , Senate of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck / Office for Culture, Publication VII, 1974.
- Arne Eggum : The linden frieze - Edvard Munch and his first German patron, Dr. Max Linde , from the Norwegian by Alken Bruns, publication XX of the Senate of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck - Office for Culture, Lübeck 1982.
- Lübeck Yacht Club (ed.): The Lübeck Yacht Club and 100 eventful years , Lübeck 1998.
- Stefan Pucks: Linde, Maximilian (Max) in: Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck, Volume 11, Neumünster 2000, pp. 230-233 ISBN 3-529-02640-2 , corrected ISBN 3-529-02640-9 .
- Brigitte Heise: Edvard Munch and Lübeck , Museum for Art and Cultural History of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Museum Behnhaus / Drägerhaus,
exhibition: August 3 - October 19, 2003. - Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen: Domesticated avant-garde or »classical modern« - the art collection of Dr. Max Linde (1862–1940), in Lübeck
in: Sven Kuhrau, Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen (eds.): History (s) of taste / public and private art collecting in Germany; 1871 - 1933 , Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2011, pp. 76–91.
Web links
- Literature by and about Max Linde in the catalog of the German National Library
- The Thinker project
- Exhibition art and patronage Lübeck 1997
Individual evidence
- ^ Hermann Genzken: The Abitur graduates of the Katharineum in Lübeck (grammar school and secondary school) from Easter 1807 to 1907. Borchers, Lübeck 1907 ( digitized version ), no. 836
- ↑ Ruth Butler: Rodin: The Shape of Genius. Yale University Press 1993 ISBN 978-0-300-06498-8 , p. 545, note 13; the correspondence was published by Patrice Marandel in Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 62 & 63 (1986/87)
- ↑ J. Adolf Schmoll gen. Eisenwerth: Rodin studies. (Studies on the art of the nineteenth century 31) Munich: Prestel 1983 ISBN 3-7913-0353-8 , p. 279
- ↑ Auction catalog , accessed on January 3, 2015
- ↑ Eric Francis: The Dartmouth Murders. New York: St. Martin's True Crime ISBN 0-312-98231-3 , p. 13; en: 2001 Dartmouth College murders
- ↑ See JA Schmoll gen. Eisenwerth: Joseph Beuys as a searcher of myths - also in Rodin, Munch, Pannwitz and Rudolf Steiner. In: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts 21 (2007), p. 77ff, here p. 90
- ↑ Abram B. Enns : Art and Citizenship. The controversial twenties in Lübeck. Christians / Weiland, Hamburg / Lübeck 1978, ISBN 3-7672-0571-8 , p. 18
- ↑ Auguste Rodin: Age of Bronze
- ^ Emil Heilbut: The Max Linde Collection in Lübeck , in Art and Artists , 1904, pp. 303-306.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Linde, Max |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ophthalmologist in Lübeck; Patrons and art collectors |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 14, 1862 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lübeck |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 23, 1940 |
| Place of death | Lübeck |