Meininger streets and squares
The article Meininger Streets and Squares contains a selection of significant streets and squares in the southern Thuringian district town Meiningen . In total there are around 300 streets and squares in Meiningen (2011). The streets and squares of particular historical or traffic-related significance are presented here. A complete list of all Meiningen streets with a short explanation of the origin of the name can be found in the → List of streets and squares in Meiningen .
The street lengths were measured with Google Earth , on arterial roads without taking the exit sign into account, but still within the city limits up to the last development or house number.
Historic streets and squares
- Bernhardstraße : Bernhardstraße was laid out in front of the Untere Tor between 1821 and 1847 as part of the first city expansion to the north. It is named after Bernhard I , the first Duke of Saxe-Meiningen . The wide boulevard is 330 m long and flows into → Leipziger Strasse. It is built on with numerous classical buildings and is considered the most representative street in the city. The small and large palaces (Wittumspalais, later Erbprinzenpalais) and the Meininger Theater , built in 1831, have been located here since 1823 , replaced in 1909 by a new neoclassical theater by Karl Behlert . The Great Palace has been functioning as a health center since 2009. Other noteworthy buildings are the stately villa of the banker Gustav Strupp and the former Jewish department store (1833), now home to the “galerie ada” and the “Kammerspiele”. From 1945 to 1990 the street was called August-Bebel-Straße . In 1995 it was completely renovated with a bike path, new sidewalks and street lamps in the style of the 19th century. Pedestrians can go directly from Bernhardstraße to both the palace gardens and the English garden .
- Georgstraße : Georgstraße is located in the old town and is one of the oldest and most famous streets in the city. It was mentioned in a document as early as 1243 as Untere Marktgasse. Later also called Untere Marktstraße , the street has been named after the enlightened and liberal Duke Georg I of Saxony-Meiningen since 1874 . It has led from the market to the Lower Gate since the Middle Ages and now leads to → Bernhardstrasse. In 1798 the street received a sewer. In 1874 the great fire of the city destroyed half of the street development. The building was rebuilt in a strict grid and building regulations as solid houses in an eclectic style. In 1884 the city installed a deep sewer system . In 1974 the conversion to a pedestrian zone took place in the course of a comprehensive renovation of many house facades. In 1998 a fundamental expansion was carried out with redesign of the paving and lighting. Notable buildings on the 330 m long street are the Hotel Sächsischer Hof , the Henneberger Haus , the Bernhardinum grammar school , the Büchnersches Hinterhaus and the former "Hotel Erbprinz". Today Georgstrasse is a popular pedestrian boulevard and Meiningen's main shopping street with around 50 shops and cafés.
- Market : The rectangular, approximately 85 × 105 meter square is centrally located in the old town and was built in the 10th century. The market is the center of the city and the location of weekly markets, special markets, concerts and other events. The south side of the square is dominated by the town church . The middle of the market has been occupied by the Heinrichsbrunnen since 1873, the fountain stem of which iscrownedby the statue of Emperor Heinrich II . The city fire of 1874 completely destroyed three of the four sides of the square, including the town hall and the “landscape building” on the west side. The reconstruction took place mainly in the eclectic style, the town hall as the dominant building in the neo-Gothic style. A stately counterpoint to the church and town hall is theFrench Neo-Renaissance Imperial Post Office, built in1879 on the northeast corner of the market square . The town hall was destroyed on February 23, 1945 together with the neighboring city savings bank in an air raid on Meiningen . A reconstruction of the west side with a residential and commercial building only took place in 2016/17. In 1969 the city carried out an extensive redesign of the square in the style of socialist architecture. In 1998, the square was completely expanded and redesigned according to the old model. From 1952 to 1990 the market was called “Platz der Republik”. → Main article: Marketplace (Meiningen)
- Place at the chapel : The small, 20 × 30 meter square is located in the south of the old town on Anton-Ulrich-Straße . It got its name from the location of an atonement chapel , which stood from 1384 to 1556 in place of the synagogue that was destroyed at this location during the persecution of Jews in 1349 . The model of the chapel on the top of the chapel fountain is reminiscent of this "Maria Magdalena Chapel". From 1647 to 1855 the square was called Auf der Kapelle and then until 1896 Kapellenplatz . The square was rebuilt in the 1980s on the north side with a stately residential and commercial building. With its fountain, small trees providing shade and benches, the square, which was restored in the 1990s, invites you to linger and relax.
- Schlossplatz : The largest square in the city is Schlossplatz. It lies in front of the rotunda of Elisabethenburg Palace and extends between the Marstall at the palace park and Ernestinerstrasse. This square was laid out at the same time as the castle was built (1682-1892). To the east, right next to the Schlossplatz, was the "Paradeplatz", which the soldiers of the Meiningen contingent and the fire brigade used and which today functions as a parking lot. From 1949 to 1990 this part was called Pushkin Square . Over the centuries the square has seen constant structural changes. In 2003 he got a new historicizing street pavement and a newly designed small park. Part of the palace square is used as a parking lot for coaches and as a market during the city festival.
- Pottery market : The 30 × 50 meter pot market is the central square for the old town quarter of the same name between the market and the upper gate, which is considered to be the oldest district in Meiningen. In 1475 and 1647 the place was called Vor der Gans or Fleischbank . At the beginning of the 19th century it was called Vor der Schau and from 1843 Am Töpfermarkt , Töpfermarkt and Töpfermarkt . Since the Middle Ages, there has been a meat bank and a cloth show on the south side . The show was an important test center for the bark and linen fabrics manufactured in Meiningen before they were exported. From 1843 until the beginning of the 20th century, potters offered their wares here . The pot market is the nucleus of today's city and hat festival, which was held for the first time in 1955 and was also known as the pot market festival for a long time. The structure of the square is badly damaged and is gradually being renewed.
Arterial and main roads
- Berliner Straße : Berliner Straße is the main access road for the “Südost” and “Kleintirol” residential areas and has a total length of 1,600 m. It was laid out in the middle of the 19th century as part of the construction of the new adjacent cemetery and was given its current name after the town fire in 1874. Berlin generously supported Meiningen with 105,000 marks to rebuild the burned down parts of the city. In 1877 the Meiningen secondary school established itself here . In the decades that followed, numerous single and multi-storey city villas with extensive gardens were built on Berliner Straße , which still characterize the streetscape today. During the Second World War, the middle section was badly damaged in a bomb attack.
- Dolmarstrasse : The 1,800 m long Dolmarstrasse leads as federal road 19 from → Leipziger Strasse to and through the district of Helba and on to the Meiningen-Nord junction on federal motorway 71 . It is the main feeder from Meiningen's north and the towns in the central Werra Valley to the motorway. The road is named after the mountain and former volcano Dolmar , which can be reached after around eight kilometers via Kühndorf .
- Dreianzigackerer Strasse : With its 1,300 m, the Drei 304ackerer Strasse is an important arterial road and connecting road to the city and leads from the → Henneberger Strasse to the Drei 30sacker district . The street classified as Landesstraße L 2621 ends at the beginning of the → Berkeser Straße, which was rebuilt after 1990, where the Landesstraße branches off at the same time into Meininger Straße in the Drei 30sacker district. Due to the industrial area Drei 30sacker and the health center with the Meiningen Clinic near this part of the city, the 30sackerer Straße is an important and busy connecting street. It has a continuous gradient of around 8%. Existing as a road since the Middle Ages , the first residential development for citizens who had become homeless was built here in 1874 as a result of the great city fire.
- Henneberger Straße : Henneberger Straße begins on the Werra south of the old town and ends after 2,350 m at the Stillhofer roundabout, a roundabout in the Stillhof district in the south of the city. From the roundabout, the driver can continue to the federal road 89 towards Hildburghausen and to the Meiningen-Süd junction of the A 71, to Mellrichstadt via Sülzfeld and the eponymous town of Henneberg and via another roundabout to the “Maßfelder Weg” stadium and the shopping centers in the south of the city. Henneberger Strasse was part of an old trade route to Würzburg , which became Reichsstrasse 19 in 1934 and B 19 in 1990 and is now classified as Landesstrasse L 1124 . The road began in 1978, leading over two new bridges over the Werra and the Mühlgraben at the intersection of Neu-Ulmer-Strasse / Anton-Ulrich-Strasse at the Obere Tor, before relocating an approximately 300 m long section it began at the one to the south Crossing Steinweg / Werrastraße .
- Landsberger Straße : The Landsberger Straße is an old road that leads to Walldorf and further into the Rhön . The state road L 1124 runs on it to Kaltensundheim . It begins in the center near the theater, leads with the Volkshausbrücke over the Werra and ends as Landsberger Straße at the foot of the namesake, the 380 m high Landsberg with the Landsberg Castle of the same name , which also bears the last house number at 150. At 3,050 m, it is the second longest street in Meiningen after → Leipziger Strasse. During the Second World War, the bridge over the Werra was destroyed and replaced in 1949 with a structure made of prestressed concrete . In 2009 this was again replaced by a new bridge. The classicist Volkshaus with a neoclassical hall extension by Karl Behlert and the Volkshausplatz, which is used for folk festivals, are located on Landsberger Straße . With another bridge, the street with the flood basin crosses part of the Meiningen flood protection system. The street is mainly built up with single and two-family houses. After the place name sign up to Landsberg, it is flanked by numerous allotment gardens. When driving into the city you have a wide view over the northern districts to the east district.
- Leipziger Straße : The most important and at the same time longest street in the city is Leipziger Straße with a length of 3,100 m to the exit sign. It begins in the center as a continuation of → Bernhardstraße and leads to the northern exit of the city. The 1,300 m long section to → Dolmarstrasse is classified as state road L 1140, after which it becomes federal road 19 . It was named in 1874 after the city of Leipzig , which Meiningen supported in the reconstruction with donations after the great city fire. Leipziger Strasse is part of the medieval trade route and later the road to Eisenach . From 1800 on there were a few small craft businesses, including a tobacco factory. From the middle of the 19th century, the road from south to north was increasingly built on. The banking district , several barracks , a hospital and numerous residential buildings were built on it. Today the economic life of Meiningen is concentrated on this street with banks, authorities, craft businesses and shopping centers. Leipziger Strasse is the only feeder road for the northern districts of Jerusalem , Welkershausen and Helba.
- Neu-Ulmer-Straße : The 900 m long Neu-Ulmer-Straße leads in a semi-arc to the east around the old town. It has been the bypass road for the old town since 1974 and has a very high volume of traffic. The street is named after the Bavarian twin town Neu-Ulm . This street was laid out at the beginning of the 19th century as Halbestadtstraße on the former outermost moat of the former city fortifications . From 1890 to 1945 it was called Bismarckstrasse and from 1945 to 1990 Ernst-Thälmann-Strasse . During the air raid on February 23, 1945, it suffered severe damage, and important institutions such as the regional court and the Chamber of Crafts were destroyed. The Chamber of Crafts was rebuilt and the largest parking garage in the city now stands in the place of the courthouse. The former houses of Ludwig Bechstein and Max Reger , the former lodge house of the Lodge Charlotte zu den Drei Nelken and, since 2000, the New Apostolic Church are still located in this street . Today, Neu-Ulmer-Strasse, on which the B 19 ran until 2006, is a bottleneck in city traffic due to the lack of lanes and can no longer cope with the increasing volume of traffic. Stop-and-go traffic and peak traffic jams are the norm.
- Rohrer Straße : The 2.7 kilometer long Rohrer Straße to the end of the industrial area "IG Rohrer Berg", classified as state road L 1140, is the most important feeder to the Meiningen-Nord junction after another 2 km for most people from Meiningen. The B 19, which flows under the motorway, continues to the eponymous municipality of Rohr . It begins at the Adelheidstraße / Gartenstraße intersection as a continuation of Marienstraße and runs through the East district. It overcomes a height difference of 140 m to the plateau with the industrial area, a former airfield, which is connected with a roundabout. The road climbs continuously and in some places reaches a gradient of 15%. In road bike stage races , people have often fought for mountain bonus points. The street is mostly built up with multi-family houses, in the middle part there is the residential area “Wandervogel” and the leisure center “Rohrer Stirn” with caravan space . When entering the city from the plateau downwards, the driver has a wide view over the city to Dreianzigacker and the clinic on the other side of the valley (→ Meiningen , Geology section). The road was built in the Middle Ages and, as part of a trade route, connected the Königspfalz Rohr with the Königsgut Meiningen. Since then it has been relocated in some sections, most recently in 1874 the lowest section through the construction of the Schweinfurt – Meiningen railway line .
See also
literature
- Meiningen Kuratorium: Lexicon on the history of the city of Meiningen , Bielsteinverlag Meiningen 2008. ISBN 978-3-9809504-4-2