Dolmar
| Dolmar | ||
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| height | 739.6 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Kühndorf ; District of Schmalkalden-Meiningen Thuringia ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Singularity, Werra-Gäuplatten | |
| Dominance | 11.8 km → Schwarzer Kopf ( 749 m ; Thuringian Forest ) | |
| Notch height | 281 m ↓ northwest of Viernau | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 37 '39 " N , 10 ° 28' 34" E | |
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| Type | extinct volcano | |
| rock | basalt | |
| particularities | - Traces of the ring wall - Charlottenhaus ( Whs ) - Dolmar-Kühndorf airfield |
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The Dolmar is a 739.6 m above sea level. NHN high extinct volcano of the Werra-Gäuplatten near Kühndorf in the Thuringian district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen .
As a geological extension of the Rhön, the mountain forms a singularity in the northern Werra-Gäuplatten, which lies between the Rhön in the southwest and the Thuringian Forest in the northeast. He is the namesake of the Dolmar-Salzbrücke administrative association and the Dolmar company , the first manufacturer of petrol chainsaws. On it are traces of the ring wall , the Charlottenhaus and the Dolmar-Kühndorf airfield . Earlier it was basalt mined.
geography
location
The Dolmar rises about 7.5 km north-northeast of the core town of Meiningen and spreads mainly in the municipality of Kühndorf, which is about 2 km south of the summit . To the north of the mountain lies Christes , to the east of Schwarza , to the southwest of Helba (district of Meiningen) and Utendorf , whose municipal area extends to the lower parts of the western flank , and to the northwest of Metzels .
Natural allocation
The Dolmar forms a singularity in the natural main unit group Mainfränkische Platten (No. 13), in the former main unit Werra-Gäuplatten (138) and in the sub-unit Western Werra-Gäuplatten (138 2 .0) . To the northeast, the landscape turns into the southern foreland of the Thuringian Forest .
Rivers and protected areas
A little northeast past the Dolmar flows the Christeser Wasser , fed by the Diemerau and coming from Christes , which flows into the Schwarza in Schwarza . This is fed below the village by the Moosbach, which rises on the south-eastern flank of the mountain . The Helba flows through Helba southwest of the mountain . A small stream rises to the northwest at Metzels, which flows through the Drachental and feeds the Wallbach . Helba and Wallbach are tributaries of the Werra, which flows a little west of the mountain .
The nature reserve Westhang des Dolmar ( CDDA -Nr. 344842; designated 2005; 4.5489 km²) and parts of the fauna-flora-habitat- area Dolmar and Christeser Grund (FFH-Nr. 5328-306; 10, 49 km²).
history
Early history
On the Dolmar, grave finds from the Bronze Age indicate early settlement (2000–100 BC ). This also applies to traces of circular ramparts, the visible remains of which are among the largest and most important Celtic soil monuments in the new federal states . On the west flank of the mountain lies the Dolmar desert .
Modern times
In 1927 the inventor Emil Lerp tested the world's first petrol chainsaw (type A) on the Dolmar , and the Dolmar company was born .
In 1967 the mountain was used as a training area for the Red Army and closed to the public. At the beginning of 1990 there was a demonstrative migration of people from the region to the still-occupied mountain demanding that the Soviet troops withdraw. In August 1991 the Soviet armed forces withdrew.
Until the early 1990s, basalt was quarried from the Dolmar for road construction. The quarry on the mountain was suddenly to be operated on such an extensive scale of up to 300,000 tons per year that not much would have been left of the mountain. The fight to keep the mountains going lasted until 1999. Under the motto “Save the Dolmar”, many Dolmar friends collected signatures against the basalt mining, which was stopped under pressure from a citizens' initiative and the neighboring communities to protect the Dolmar natural monument .
Jagdhaus and Charlottenhaus
In 1668, Duke Moritz von Sachsen-Zeitz had a ducal hunting lodge (hunting lodge) built about 400 m north-west of the mountain peak at 737.8 m , which was destroyed in 1726 by a fire after a lightning strike.
In 1882 the Meiningen Thuringian Forest Association built the Charlottenhaus on the ruined cellar walls of the former hunting lodge . It is named after Charlotte of Prussia , the wife of the future Duke Bernhard III. from Sachsen-Meiningen . The construction costs amounted to 3755 marks. The house inauguration took place on September 10, 1882. The poet Rudolf Baumbach dedicated the song Frisch auf, Kameraden to the inauguration .
Shortly afterwards the house was expanded. The costs amounted to 5,926 marks. The extension was inaugurated on May 18, 1890. Between 1931 and 1933 the building was extended; the inauguration after this renovation took place on July 1, 1933.
After the Second World War , the GDR youth organization Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik (GST) took over the house in 1952, and it served as a glider flying school and accommodation for glider pilots for several years. The building was slated. In 1967 the house fell victim to vandalism.
After the Dolmar Club was founded, a kind of refuge was built on the mountain for the club members. In December 1996, development work began on the foundations of the old Charlottenhaus for today's house. The foundation stone was laid on July 1, 1998. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on October 17, 1998. The house was opened on the occasion of the star hike on May 1st, 2000. It houses the Berggasthof Charlottenhaus with overnight accommodation and a small observation tower.
Dolmar Club
On April 7, 1990 in Christes the Dolmarfreunde e. V. was founded by the first president Peter Teuchert from Rotterdam by 32 Dolmar friends and entered in the register of associations on June 7, 1990. The association is the legitimate successor of the Dolmar community and has acquired land on the mountain plateau. His primary goal was and is to make the mountain a hiking and excursion destination. Every year, the association ensures permanent maintenance and order on the mountain through many work assignments.
Hiking and viewing opportunities
The Dolmar is a popular destination for many hikers. The following hiking trails touch or cross the mountain (sorted by length): Celtic adventure trail ( 254 km; Meiningen –Dolmar– Bad Windsheim ), Rennsteig-Dolmar-Weg (110 km; Dolmar – Oberhof– Schleusingen –Dolmar), Rhön-Rennsteig-hiking trail ( 89 km; Wasserkuppe – Dolmar– Oberhof ), Dolmarrundweg (50 km; around the Dolmar) and Schmalkalder Weg (30 km; Meiningen – Dolmar– Schmalkalden ). The most frequently used and shortest ascent leads from Kühndorf to the Dolmar, but it is also possible to reach it via the armholes from Utendorf or via the throttle line from Metzels and Christes .
In good visibility conditions, the view falls in the north and east to the ridge of the Thuringian Forest with the Great Beerberg , Schneekopf and Great Inselsberg , in the west into the Werra valley with the core town of Meiningen and in the south-west and west to the Rhön with its highest elevations, Wasserkuppe , Heidelstein and Kreuzberg . The grave field with the Gleichbergen opens up to the south .
Due to its topography, the Dolmar is a striking sight from a great distance. One has an impressive view of him from the plateau at Drei 30acker . From the Dolmar autobahn car park (east of the A 71 Red Valley bridge ) you can see the mountain and Kühndorf with the Johanniter Castle Kühndorf , the only preserved castle of the Order of St. John in Germany.
traffic
Streets
The Dolmar can be reached, for example, from the Meiningen -Nord junction of the federal highway 71 . From there the federal road 19 leads towards and through Helba and then on to Meiningen. Before or east of the village, the district road 581 (formerly B 280 ) branches off from the B 19, which runs northeast to Kühndorf. The Dolmarstrasse begins in the village and leads up the mountain as a narrow cul-de-sac; it was completed in December 2002 and ends near the summit at the parking lot at the Charlottenhaus .
Dolmar-Kühndorf airfield
In 1927, the first gliding event took place on the Dolmar . In the years that followed, the mountain developed into a popular location for gliding, also because of the favorable thermal situation of its southern slope. On September 24, 1933 an air hall was inaugurated on the mountain. The Dolmar airline community was founded.
1967, had become as the Dolmar the training ground of the Red Army, the glider was because of the proximity to the German border prohibited and is 18 km east-northeast at Suhl- Goldlauter nearby airfield Suhl outsourced.
Since 1990, the mountain has been the take-off and landing site for ultralight aircraft (UL) and hang-gliders because of the Dolmar-Kühndorf ( ⊙ ) airfield located on its southwest slope . The airfield, which is 515 m above sea level, has a 400 m long runway made of grass; its frequency is 120.975 MHz. From here sightseeing flights between the Thuringian Forest and the Rhön are carried out. The Dolmar flight school is located on the airfield ; The Fliegerstüble Quax restaurant is on site .
gallery
Birch on the Dolmar
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Small hikers' hut and Charlottenhaus on the Dolmar
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See also
References and comments
- ↑ a b c d Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ The Schwarzer Kopf ( 749 m ) is located in the Thuringian Forest 11 km east-northeast of the Dolmar near Zella-Mehlis .
- ↑ Dominance and prominence according to TK 25 with the help of Elevation Contours in Google Maps ; the notch is at an altitude of 458 m .
- ↑ a b The Dolmar - a piece of home , accessed on May 9, 2016, on dolmarverein.de
- ↑ Charlottenhaus ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , see history on berggasthof-charlottenhaus.de
- ↑ a b c d e f Dolmargeschichte , accessed on May 9, 2016, from dolmarverein.de
- ↑ Charlottenhaus (mountain inn), on berggasthof-charlottenhaus.de
- ↑ Charlottenhaus ( Memento of the original dated February 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , see Hiking & Excursions , on berggasthof-charlottenhaus.de
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↑ Flugschule Dolmar (airfield Dolmar-Kühndorf ), onflugschule-dolmar.de:
see airfield (approach information) , sightseeing flights ( memento of the original dated December 2, 2015 in the Internet archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Fliegerstüble ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Charlottenhaus (Berggasthof), on berggasthof-charlottenhaus.de