Mistral class
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| Technical data ( Mistral class) | |
| Displacement | 16,500 t 21,300 t fully loaded |
| length | 199 m |
| width | 32 m |
| Draft | 6.3 m |
| drive |
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| speed | 18.5 kn |
| Range | 10,800 nm at 18 kn 19,800 nm at 15 kn |
| crew | 160 men of crew and 450 men of troops or 900 men for a short time, 150 men of staff |
| Armament |
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| Radar and sensors |
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| Landing craft | 4 landing craft or 2 LCAC |
| Transport capacity | 59 vehicles including 13 Leclerc tanks or 40 Leclerc tanks |
| helicopter | 16 × 10 t helicopter ( Eurocopter Tiger or NH90 ) |
The Mistral- class is a class of conventionally powered helicopter carriers in the French Navy . They also have the option of carrying out amphibious landing operations via a well deck and offer additional spatial and technical capacities for management functions. So far five copies have been built, three of them for the French Navy itself - the type ship Mistral (L9013), the Tonnerre (L9014) and the Dixmude (L9015). The procurement of another ship is planned.
development
In 1997, the state DCNS (then still DCN) started the first studies. The plan was significantly more potent ships than to replace two units of Foudre- and the Ouragan class . This was the expression of a new national Concept national des opérations amphibies , which at the end of 2010 became part of a larger European Amphibious Initiative . At that time, the designs were still under the name Bâtiment d'Intervention Polyvalent (BIP) and envisaged displacements between 8,000 and 19,000 tons. The latter, BIP-19, was further developed and thus formed the basis of what is now known as the Bâtiment de Projection et de Commandement (BPC).
First, two ships were commissioned, with the construction of the sections of Gdansk to the Stocznia Wisła were awarded and the final assembly and equipment for today STX belonging Chantiers de l'Atlantique (STX France) in Saint-Nazaire was performed.
The third ship, Dixmude , was commissioned a few years later and was built exclusively in France. A fourth ship is still being planned to replace the Foudre- class dock landing ship Siroco , and the budget has been repeatedly postponed. Further units for export are to follow.
From the end of 2015, the ships, starting with the Dixmude ( Mistral 2016 and Tonnerre 2017), should be modernized.
technology
drive
A combination of three Wärtsilä diesel engines (16 V32) with 6.2 MW each and a Wärtsilä Vasa auxiliary diesel engine 18V200 with 3 MW serves as the drive . The energy generated is fed to five-blade propellers in the propeller pods by two electric motors with 7 MW each .
electronics
The ships of the Mistral class can also be used as command ships. There is an 850 m² command center on board for up to 150 people. The information from the ship's sensors is brought together in the SENIT system. The development of the SENIT system also led to delays in the introduction of the Mistral class. SENIT 9 is based on a Thales -3D-MRR3D-NG multifunctional radar that works in the C-band and is IFF -capable. The data exchange is possible in the NATO- compatible formats Link 11 , Link 16 and Link 22 .
The Syracuse system, which is based on the French Syracuse 3-A and Syracuse 3-B communication satellites, is used for communication.
Armament
The armament consists of two double starters Simbad for air defense missile Mistral , two machine guns (MK) of the type Mauser Breda 30 mm and four 12.7 mm - machine guns . In the future, the two manual Simbad starters are to be exchanged for automatic tetral quadruple starters.
Starting with the Dixmude , two remote-controlled weapon stations Nexter Systems NARWHAL 20B replaced the manually operated 30 mm MK Mauser Breda from 2016 .
Board helicopter
The flight deck is 6400 m² and has six landing points for on- board helicopters , one of which is for medium-weight helicopters such as the CH-53 . A DRBN-38A-Decca-Bridgemaster-E250 landing radar and an optical landing system are used to support take-offs and landings.
The flight deck is connected to the 1800 m² hangar deck by two elevators . The elevators have a load capacity of 13 tons and are 225 m² (aft) and 125 m² (behind the island superstructures to starboard). There are 16 parking spaces for helicopters in the hangar deck and there is a maintenance area with an overhead crane. According to the first captain of the Mistral, there is space for up to 30 helicopters on the flight deck and in the hangar deck.
Landing craft
The well deck is 885 m² and can accommodate either four landing craft or two LCAC air cushion landing craft . The 1650 m² vehicle deck is available as cargo space for vehicles, where a company with 13 Leclerc battle tanks and 46 other vehicles or a battalion with 40 Leclercs can be loaded.
It is planned to order eight EDA-R catamaran landing craft for use by Mistral-class ships.
Accommodations
The 15 officers have single cabins, higher NCO ranks double cabins and crews and troops live in 4 or 6-person cabins. Due to the use of propeller gondolas, there are no pipes or machines in the accommodations. According to Admiral Mark Fitzgerald , ships of the US Navy accommodate three times the number of people in a comparable space.
On board there is a medical area with 69 beds, an X-ray room and two operating theaters in 20 rooms . The capacity can be increased by 50 beds with additional containers in the hangar area. Even complex injuries can be treated by using a telemedicine system.
export
The ships destined for export differ in many respects from the units of the National Navy .
At the end of December 2008, just a few months after the war in Georgia , the leadership of the Russian Navy had emphasized that it would have taken 20 minutes to win Georgia instead of 26 hours if you had a Mistral- type ship . The then French President Nicolas Sarkozy justified negotiations with Russia on the sale of Mistral ships with the words: “The cold war is over. [...] You have to consider Russia as a friendly country and think together about creating a wide security and prosperity zone. "
On February 8, 2010, a first contract for a Mistral -class ship for the Russian Navy was signed, with the option to build additional ships under license. They are to be equipped with up to 30 attack helicopters of the type Kamow Ka-52 K and Kamow Ka-29 . Latvia , a member of NATO since NATO's eastward expansion (March 2004), demanded stricter EU rules for arms exports and was supported by several Eastern European countries. On June 17, 2011, the final contract for the sale of four Mistral- class ships to the Russian Navy was sealed at the International Economic Forum in Saint Petersburg . Two ships should therefore be built in France and two more in Russia. The purchase price for the first two ships is 1.2 billion euros. 1000 French workers were thus employed for four years. The first ship, the Vladivostok , was completed in Saint-Nazaire in autumn 2014.
Technical differences from the French ships relate to a eisgeschütztes flight deck, supporting equipment for Russian equipment and jointly by DCNS and its Russian partners Inteltech and Mars Agat developed guidance system . There are also differences in armament.
At the beginning of March 2014, the French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius ( Ayrault II cabinet ) responded evasively when asked whether the 2014 Crimean crisis could prevent the delivery of the ships. According to a report by the German TV magazine Frontal21 (ZDF), Russian sailors trained on board in March 2014 - regardless of the crisis - to be able to take over the Vladivostok for the voyage to St. Petersburg. The sister ship Sevastopol should be finished in Russia (launched on November 20, 2014). Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister David Cameron called on France not to deliver Mistral ships to the Russian Federation after the Malaysian passenger plane was shot down in eastern Ukraine . It is necessary to stop exporting regardless of the current sanction mode allowing it. The Vladivostok was due to be delivered on November 14, 2014, but the appointment was canceled by France.
Russia announced that it would legally demand penalties from France if the ship is not delivered by the end of November 2014; after Hollande's rejection it reacted cautiously at first. About 400 sailors in the Russian Navy were training in France at the time. Ex-President Nicolas Sarkozy , who entered into the deal, spoke out in favor of delivering the two ships ordered by Russia.
In July 2015, RIA Novosti reported , citing Vladimir Koschin, adviser to the Russian President, that an agreement had been reached with France to cancel the sales contract. The further use of the ships was unclear at the time. In August 2015, the contract was reversed through an agreement between Hollande and Putin. Russia received 950 million euros : In addition to the 785 million euros already paid, Russia claimed additional costs of 1.1 billion euros, which included training 400 seafarers, building the infrastructure in Vladivostok to station the ships and working for the Construction of four Ka-52K helicopters included. Russian equipment that was already installed on the ships was dismantled by Russian specialists in September. A contractual penalty had not been agreed, said French President Hollande.
Since the Vladivostok was to be added to the Russian Pacific Fleet , the French export decision meant that the United States, which had previously expressed concerns about the Franco-Russian construction contract, was a minor burden in the Pacific. The ship would have been able to counterbalance the dominance of the US Pacific Fleet in the western Pacific , especially in the area of disaster relief, but the primary military function would have been to provide additional troop transfer capacity to the Kuril Islands .
interested persons
According to the French armaments agency, other countries such as South Africa , Canada and Germany had shown interest in the two Mistral- class ships formerly destined for Russia . Even Japan and South Korea have been mentioned as possible buyers, there was an official request not revealed. In mid-2014, the EU is also said to have considered using it. According to French information from the beginning of August 2015, after repayment of the contract sum, France was given full power of disposal over the two ships. According to Russian information from the end of August 2015, however, the export of the two ships required the approval of the Russian government. The two ships intended for Russia were eventually sold to Egypt. The BPC Gamal Abdel Nasser was delivered on June 2, 2016 and the Anwar al-Sadat on September 16, 2016 . Egypt wants to equip the two ships with up to 46 Russian - made Ka-52 helicopters . Three of them, in the version Ka-52 "Alligator", were already delivered in 2017, the other 43 are delivered differently in the version Ka-52K "Katran".
units
| Identifier | Surname | Keel laying | Launch | Commissioning | Callsign |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L9013 | mistral | July 10, 2003 | October 6, 2004 | December 18, 2005 | FAMI |
| L9014 | Tonnerre | August 26, 2003 | July 26, 2005 | August 1, 2007 | FATO |
| L9015 | Dixmude | January 20, 2010 | 17th September 2010 | March 12, 2012 | FADX |
| Identifier | Surname | Keel laying | Launch | delivery | Callsign |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1010 | Gamal Abdel Nasser (ex- Vladivostok ) | February 1, 2012 | 15 October 2013 | 2nd June 2016 | SUAJ |
| 1020 | Anwar al-Sadat (ex- Sevastopol ) | June 18, 2013 | 20th November 2014 | 16th September 2016 |
Web links
- globalsecurity.org
- DCNS-Group.fr ( Memento of October 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Meretmarine.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mer et Marine , ' Le 3ème BPC de la Marine nationale s'appellera Dixmude ' ( The third command ship of the French Navy will be called Dixmude ), accessed on December 20, 2009.
- ^ French Mistral-class ship receives self-defense fit. Janes, April 12, 2015 ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Le dossier sensible des Mistral ressurgit avec la crise en Ukraine. In: lefigaro.fr. Le Figaro , March 6, 2014 (French).
- ↑ Russia will equip Mistral helicopter carriers with Ka-52 helicopters. In: rian.ru. Sputnik News , August 14, 2010, accessed September 2, 2015 .
- ↑ Latvia and Lithuania call for tighter EU rules on arms sales. In: euobserver.com. EUobserver, February 25, 2010.
- ^ Mistral deal: Russia and France sign treaty. In: rian.ru. Sputnik News, June 17, 2011, accessed September 2, 2015 .
- ↑ Reuters, March 3, 2014. ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: chicagotribune.com. (English).
- ↑ Le Mistral continue d'embarrasser la diplomatie française. In: lefigaro.fr. Le Figaro , March 3, 2014 (French).
- ↑ Billions in deals between the EU and Russia - France is sticking to the arms deal with Russia. March 18, 2014, archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; accessed on April 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Helicopter carrier for Russia: Paris refuses to criticize the arms business. In: nzz.ch.
- ↑ Europe's top politicians fear Putin's revenge. In: Welt Online .
- ↑ Arms deal : France suspends Mistral delivery to Russia In: Spiegel Online .
- ↑ La livraison du premier BPC repoussée jusqu'à nouvel ordre. ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: elysee.fr. November 25, 2014 (Text: Le Président de la République considère que la situation actuelle dans l'est de l'Ukraine ne permet toujours pas la livraison du premier BPC. Il a donc estimé qu'il convenait de surseoir, jusqu'à nouvel ordre, à l'examen de la demande d'autorisation nécessaire à l'exportation du premier BPC à la Fédération de Russie. )
- ↑ Hollande's messed up warship deal. In: Spiegel Online , November 26, 2014.
- ^ Mistral: les marins russes quittent Saint-Nazaire. In: lefigaro.fr. December 17, 2014 (French).
- ↑ Michaela Wiegel : France With Putin's Values . France's right wing reveres Russia and Putin as defenders of Christian civilization. More and more French politicians are taking the side of the Kremlin chief. And the left camp is also split. In: FAZ . December 21, 2014 ( faz.net ).
- ^ Mistral deal with France: Moscow reports agreement in warship dispute. In: Spiegel Online. Der Spiegel , July 31, 2015, accessed on July 31, 2015 .
- ↑ Mistral non livrés: une facture de 949.8 millions , Tribune de Genève, September 2, 2015
- ^ Agreement in the Mistral dispute. France should pay Russia billions. In: n-tv. RTL Group , July 31, 2015, accessed on September 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Alexej Lossan: Broken "Mistral" deal. France pays Russia off. In: Russia Beyond the Headlines. Rossijskaja Gazeta , August 7, 2015, accessed on September 2, 2015 : "Russia had to forego the requested reimbursement of expenses amounting to 1.16 billion euros"
- ↑ Russia Forming Specialist Group To Dismantle Mistral Communications Equipment In France: Report , IBTimes, July 25, 2015
- ↑ Paris does not pay any contractual penalties to Moscow for failed Mistral deals. In: sputniknews.com. Sputnik News, August 6, 2015, accessed August 6, 2015 .
- ^ Tom Shanker: Gates Voices Concern About Warship Sale to Russia. In: nytimes.com. The New York Times , February 8, 2010, accessed April 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Pierre Tran: France, US Discuss Russian Mistral Carrier Query. In: defensenews.com. February 8, 2010, archived from the original on September 8, 2012 ; accessed on April 13, 2016 (English).
- ↑ Французы придут морем. In: vedomosti.ru. Vedomosti, September 27, 2010, accessed April 13, 2016 (Russian).
- ↑ Pierre Tran: Interest Rises in EU Acquisition of Mistrals Sold to Russia. In: defensenews.com. August 2, 2014, archived from the original on September 8, 2014 ; accessed on September 2, 2015 .
- ^ Entretien téléphonique avec M. Vladimir Poutine. accords on the BPC. (No longer available online.) August 5, 2015, archived from the original on August 9, 2015 ; Retrieved September 3, 2015 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Broken mistral deal. Moscow may forbid Paris to resell warships. In: Sputnik News. August 27, 2015, accessed August 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Stopped "Mistral" -Deal: France sold warships now to Egypt. In: Spiegel Online, September 23, 2015, accessed on September 23, 2015.
- ↑ Le BPC Gamal Abdel Nasser livré à la Marine Egyptienne. (No longer available online.) June 2, 2016, archived from the original on June 3, 2016 ; accessed on June 3, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Sisi to highlight economic cooperation during visit to Russia. www.egypttoday.com, October 14, 2018, accessed November 8, 2018 .
- ^ Helicopter Carrier Delivered to the Egyptian Navy. September 16, 2016, accessed September 16, 2016 .
- ^ La France tourne la page des ex-BPC russes. September 16, 2016, accessed September 18, 2016 (French).
