Myasnitsskaya Street

Myasnitskaya Street

The Mjasnizkajastraße ( Russian Мясницкая улица Myasnitskaya Ulitsa ) is a road that in the districts Basmanny and Krasnosel'skii in the Central Administrative District of Moscow lies. It leads radially from Lubyanskaya Square to the Garden Ring ( Sadowaja-Spasskaya segment ) and crosses the boulevard ring at Mjasnitskie Vorota Square . Its length is 1.6 km.

history

The first written mention of the area in which the Myasnitskaya Street is from the years from 1470. In 1482 this area was inhabited by boyars and merchants from Veliky Novgorod . They were ordered by Ivan III. moved to Moscow after the relative independence (freedom) of Novgorod from Ivan III in 1471. had been completely abolished since Ivan III. feared that noble and wealthy citizens of Novgorod would revolt against it. As early as 1471, in memory of the peace treaty with Novgorod, the wooden St. Evpl Church was built at the beginning of today's Mjasnitskaya Street, which is why this section of the street was named Evplowka . A second part of the street was named Frolowka in the 17th century when the church of St. Flor and Lavr was built here. Both churches were demolished under Soviet rule. The neighboring area was named Mjasnitskaja Sloboda ( butcher's district ) as early as the 16th century , as butchers lived and traded there. At the end of the 17th century, the meat trade was relocated near Zemlyanoj Wal , but the street kept the name Myasnitskaya.

In the 18th century a path led along the road from the Kremlin to Nemezkaya Sloboda (the district of the Germans of Moscow); it was inhabited by aristocrats and built with mansions, mostly made of wood. Among other things, the Menshikov manor was located here . On his behalf, the Menshikov Tower (Church of the Archangel Gabriel) was built not far from the street . During the fire of 1812 all wooden buildings were destroyed; then the street was redesigned, widened to up to 25 meters and built with stone buildings. In the 1870s, a horse-drawn tram was installed along the road , which was replaced by a tram in the early 20th century . Mjasnitskaja was one of the first streets in Moscow to have street lighting , initially gas-powered, and finally electric in the 1890s.

On December 14, 1935, Myasnitskaya Street was renamed Kirov Street. In 1992 the street got its historical name again.

The rich architectural ensemble of Myasnitskaya Street has buildings from the 18th to 20th centuries, which were built by well-known architects, so that some of the buildings are designated as state cultural objects of special importance.

description

Demolished buildings

Myasnitsky Vorota. Painting by Apollinari Michailowitsch Wasnezow
St.Ewpl
St. Flor and Lawr
Myasnitskaya Street, 1840s. Lithograph by S.Müller (original by F.Ditz). From the right - Yushkov House and the Church of Sts Flores and Lavr (in the front plan). From left - "Old" post office and Menshikov tower
Myasnitskaya Street, November 20, 1941. Buildings damaged by air raids can be seen.

The wall of the White City with a tower from the end of the 16th century. It was the third defensive wall (after the Kremlin and Kitai-Gorod-Wall) of Moscow. It was on the site of the garden ring and thus crossed Mjasnitskaya Street. Most of it was demolished at the end of the 18th century. The wall had 27 towers, ten of which were equipped with gates. The Mjasnitskaja tower had a gate ( Russian Vorota ) and gave the place its name.
The Church of St. Ewpl was built from wood in 1471. Euplius of Katanja ^en (also Euplius of Sicily ) was an early Christian saint. The stone church with a bell tower was built from 1750 to 1753. In 1812, during the French invasion, it was the only church that continued services. It was an interesting architectural monument of Russian architecture with an influence of Western European architecture, but it was closed to services under Soviet rule and demolished in 1926. The church was at the beginning of the street, on the place of the current building No. 9.
The Church of Saints Florus and Laurus ^en was built between 1651 and 1657 in Myasnitskie Vorota Square . It was demolished in 1934/35 with the associated buildings. The site of the church has remained undeveloped to this day. Since the building documentation and detailed description of the church have been preserved, the Moscow Patriarchate is planning to restore the church.
Nicholas Church in Myasniki. The stone church was probably built at the beginning of the 16th century. 1711–1737 a new large church building and a bell tower were built next to each other. A restoration followed in the 1780s; In 1883 a new church corps was built; In 1894 the church was rebuilt by Sergei Sherwood ; In 1928 all church buildings were demolished. Building no.39 is located on the site of the church building today.

ensemble

On the side with the odd house numbers are among others:

House number 1/2, so-called "Lubyanka", the monumental building of the Soviet secret service. The original building consisted of two corps and was built in 1897/98 (the first corps) and 1901/1902 (the second corps) as a tenement house for the insurance company "Rossija" by the Russian architects Aleksandr Wassilijewitsch Iwanow and Nikolai Michalowitsch Proskurnin. Before the October Revolution, it served as a Lux residential building. The facade was fitted with a clock that has not been preserved. After the revolution it was nationalized and handed over to the Cheka ; After that, the building belonged to the OGPU , NKVD , MGB , KGB , now - the FSB . The architect Alexei Viktorovich Shtusev undertook an extensive renovation between 1940 and 1947 with a merger of the two corps. The right part of the building was particularly heavily modified; the left side, on the other hand, although it was built on two floors, remained unfinished and received an original view. The building remained so asymmetrical until 1983, when the left side was reconstructed analogously to the right side, as originally planned by Shchusev. During the renovation, in the 1940s, the building got the new clock, which was dismantled from the bell tower of the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Starosadsky Lane (which was then closed for services) and to this day the Lubyanka facade is closed see. The cathedral later got a new clock.

Both bodies of the insurance company "Rossija"
Final renovation 1983
Beginning of Myasnitskaya Street

House number 7/3 - The Saltykow-Chertkow mansion . It was built in the middle of the 18th century in the classicism style and belongs to the noble Saltykov family . The wing goes from 1787, the front staircase by Fyodor Schechtel - from 1899. In 1831 this building was bought and rebuilt by the bibliophile Alexei Dmitriewitsch Tschertkow. After that, Chertkov organized a large library here. Vasily Zhukovsky , Alexander Pushkin , Nikolai Gogol , historian Mikhail Pogodin and many others were visiting . His son Grigory Alexandrovich continued to enlarge the collection and opened the library with general access ( Chertkow library ) here in 1863 . From 1873, when the library was moved to the Pashkov House , and until the October Revolution, and under Soviet rule, the building was used by various organizations. The building is a cultural monument with federal significance (i.e. with a special significance).

House number 19 - The Perlow tea house . Another monument of federal importance. This house was built in 1893 by Roman Klein for merchant Sergei Perlow, a tea merchant. In addition, a library was organized here by Perlow, and various cultural activities were carried out. In 1895 Perlow decided to start a Chinese tea shop (it was caused, among other things, by Li Hongzhang's visit to Russia) and to use this building as a tea shop, whereby the appearance and interior of the building should be converted into the Chinese style . With this, architect Karl Gippius undertook a renovation in the style of chinoiserie . After the October Revolution the building was nationalized, the first floor was still occupied by a tea shop and another part was used as living space. It was restored at the beginning of the 21st century. There is still a tea shop here to this day.

House number 21/1. Yushkov House. A monument to Moscow Classicism, it was erected between 1780 and the 1790s by order of General Porutschik Ivan Yushkov. The architect was, presumably, Vasily Ivanovich Bashenov . In 1844, Yushkov's son, Pyotr Ivanovich, a Freemason, sold his house to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture for 35,000 silver rubles . Peredvizhniki have organized exhibitions here since 1872 . At the end of the 19th century the building was rebuilt. In the Soviet times, WChUTEMAS and WChUTEIN were located here , from 1942 to 1962 - Moscow Inginier-Physicists Institute, then - scientific organizations, from 1989 - the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. There are a number of plaques on the facade, including one for A. Savrasov . The university's exhibition hall is located in the courtyard of the building (the architect is Nikolai Kurdjukow, the civil engineer is Vladimir Schuchow ).

House number 37/1. The Dokuchaew-Soldatjonkov mansion. A cultural monument of federal importance. In the base of this building lie palates from the 17th century; 1819–1821 was rebuilt by Joseph Bové and Afanasi Grigoryev; Rebuilt again in the middle of the 19th century. From 1857 to 1901 the house was owned by businessman Kosma Soldatjonkow, a well-known art collector and bibliophile. His house was considered a center of Moscow's cultural life. Vasily Klyuchevsky , Sergei Solovyov , Ivan Sabelin, Anton Chekhov and many others were guests here . After the October Revolution there was a kindergarten here; 1941–1945 STAWKA was located here . After the war, Marshal of the Soviet Union Leonid Govorov lived here . After that the building belonged to the Ministry of Defense of the USSR / Russia. Now there is a restaurant here.

Centrosojus

House number 39. The Zentrosojus building. A monument to modernity . This large building covers the entire area between Myasnitskaya Street and Sakharov Prospect and has two facades. It was built according to the plans of Le Corbusier according to five points to a new architecture with the participation of Pierre Jeanneret and Nikolai Kolli . Because of this, the large Nikolaus church standing here was destroyed (see above). The construction followed from 1928 to 1936 with a long pause, as Josef Stalin decided to use classicism as the predominant architectural style, which left the fate of modern stills unclear. Still, the building was finally completed. The Federal Statistical Office (Rosstat) and the Federal Federal Financial Monitoring Office are now located here . On October 15, 2015, a memorial to Le Corbusier was opened in front of the facade of the building on Mjasnitskaya Street.

House number 47. The Gostorg building. A sample of the Constructivist style from 1925–1927. Architect - Boris Velikovsky. Now the Federal Agency for Tourism - “Rosturism” is located here.

On the side with the even house numbers are among other things:

House number 6/3, Corps 1. The Stacheew apartment building from 1897, architect Michail Bugrowski; 1986 was built over. There has been a bookstore here since 1957 (first name - "Buchwelt" (Russian Knischny Mir), current name is Biblio-Globus) - one of the largest bookstores in Moscow.

House number 8/2 - The building of the Kusnetzow partnership from 1898–1903, the architect is Fyodor Schechtel.

House number 26 Complex of the building for Moscow Post Office.

House number 40 complex of the building for "Old" Post Office of Moscow. The main building from 1808–1810, rebuilt in 1854.

House number 40a - a residential building from 1948 for scientists. Here lived Mstislav Keldysh , Georgi Bjuschgens and several employees of TsAGI .

House number 42 - The Baryshnikov Manor. It was built in the 17th - early 18th centuries, then rebuilt by Matwei Kazakov , and later restored by Semyon Kulagin. Alexander Gribojedow lived here from 1823 to 1824 , and guests were Denis Dawydow , Wladimir Odojewski , Wilhelm Küchelbecker and others. In the second half of the 19th century it was bought by the state and a hospital was organized here. The Argumenty i Fakty editorial team is now located here .

House number 44/1 - Golitsyn - Meck - Stachejew mansion from the 18th century, was rebuilt in the 19th century, then restored several times. In 1843, during his visit to Moscow, Franz List lived here ; Pyotr Tchaikovsky, who was the friend of the house owner Nadezhda von Meck, was often a guest here, and in 1880 Claude Debussy also lived here as a music teacher for the von Meck children. As a result, this house was nicknamed "House of the Three Composers". In 1997 it was restored, which gave it an original 18th century look. It is also a cultural monument of federal importance.