Roman Ivanovich Klein

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Roman Klein (1890)

Roman Ivanovich (Robert Julius) Small ( Russian Роман Иванович (Роберт Юлиус) Клейн ; born March 19 . Jul / 31 March  1858 greg. In Moscow , † 3. May 1924 in Moscow) was a Russian architect and university lecturer .

Life

Roman Klein, whose maiden name was Robert Julius Klein, was the son of a Moscow-based family of Jewish origin who later became an honorary citizen. Frequent guests were Anton Grigorjewitsch Rubinstein and his brother Nikolai Grigorjewitsch Rubinstein , the architect Alexandre Vivien de Châteaubrun and many other famous artists , writers and musicians . Even as a child, Klein showed an affinity for music and drawing, but the lessons with Vivien ultimately determined his future career choice.

While attending the Moscow Kreimann High School, one of the best private high schools in Russia, Klein also took courses at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , where he received two awards. From 1875 to 1877 he worked as a draftsman for the architect Vladimir Jossifowitsch Sherwood when building the State History Museum in Moscow. From 1877 to 1882 he studied at the Imperial Art Academy . He used the scholarship he was entitled to after successfully completing his studies for a year and a half of study in Italy and France . He worked with the well-known architect Charles Garnier in the construction of various national pavilions in the style of historicism for the Paris World Exhibition in 1889 . After returning to Moscow, he worked from 1885 to 1887 as an assistant to various architects, in particular to Sherwood and Alexander Protogenowitsch Popow .

In 1888, Klein established himself as an independent architect. His first major contract was that of the entrepreneur and patron Varwara Alexejewna Morosowa (1848–1917) for the construction of her Moscow house, which introduced him to the Old Believers' trading club . From 1889 to 1893 he built the middle row of department stores on Moscow's Red Square , which together with the upper row formed a complete ensemble, today's GUM department store . His work has been highly valued and were in the judgment of art - and architecture - historian Marija Vladimirovna Naschtschokina (* 1953) is almost comparable to the top architect Fyodor Schechtel , Lev Nikolayevich Kekuschew , Ivan Fomin , Ilya Evgrafovich Bondarenko and Illarion Aleksandrovich Iwanow- Schitz .

In 1896, on the initiative of the classical philologist Ivan Wladimirowitsch Zwetajew, the University of Moscow announced a public competition to build a museum for fine arts , which was won by the eclectic architect Pyotr Samoilowitsch Boizow . Since Boizow was not entitled to make buildings, the University of Moscow small charge of any branch of the museum and organized a tour Klein to European museums. Klein took on Boizov's planning, but independently designed the facade in the neo-Greek style and the interior work together with his work group, which included the engineer Wladimir Grigorjewitsch Schuchow , the architect and engineer Iwan Iwanowitsch Rerberg , the architect and city planner Grigorij Borissowitsch Barchin , the architect Alexej Dmitrijewitsch Tschitschagow , the graphic artist, painter and architect Ignatij Ignatjewitsch Niwinskij , the painter Alexander Jakowlewitsch Golowin , the architect Pavel Alexandrowitsch Saruzkij and others. Thanks to the generous financial support of the main benefactor Yuri Stepanowitsch Nechayev-Malzow , Klein was able to realize an extremely magnificent museum. The foundation stone was laid in 1898 and the museum opened in 1912.

While the museum was being built, Klein carried out orders from major Moscow industrialists, such as the Rote Rose factory in Moscow and an automobile factory in Fili , which is now the GKNPZ Khrunichev space center . He built from 1900 to 1901 that of Yuri Stepanovich Nechaev-Malzow donated nobles poorhouse , 1900-1903, the first cancer - Hospice Morozov Institute in Moscow between 1906 and 1911, the Moscow Choral Synagogue of the late architect Semyon Semyonovich Eibuschitz and 1908 Moscow Muir & Mirrielees department store in neo-Gothic style with Art Nouveau elements. In Serpukhov he built the city duma building in 1900 , from 1895 to 1912 the villa of the textile manufacturer's widow Anna Wassiljewna Marajewa in the eclectic and classicist style, now the Art History Museum , and from 1893 to 1896 the Church of the Divine Savior in Old Russian style and the All Saints' Day Church of the High Monastery .

After the October Revolution , Klein stayed in Russia and was sufficiently occupied by the new powers. However, he was not involved in the construction boom in the mid-1920s. From 1918 until his death he worked as an architect of the Pushkin Museum . He was a member of the board of directors of the Kazan Railway and the Northern Railway , and he held a chair at the Moscow State Technical University . He carried out many projects that he could then no longer realize. In his last four months he managed projects for the People's Commissariat for Education .

Klein was buried in Moscow's Vvedenskoye Cemetery.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elizaweta Tumim: Iwan Zwetajew and Georg Treu . Review of the book Erhard Hexelschneider (Ed.): Building an Albertinum in Moscow. Ivan Tsvetaev and Georg Treu in an exchange of letters (1881–1913). Text in German and Russian. Böhlau , Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-412-06306-1 . (Translation by Olga Koseniuk), litkafe.de, accessed on September 4, 2015.
  2. ↑ MosKultInfo: The Petrovkastraße (accessed on 11 September 2015)

Web links

Commons : Roman Klein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Klein, Roman Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Клейн, Рома́н Ива́нович (Russian spelling); Клейн, Роберт Юлиус (Russian spelling); Klein, Roman Ivanovich; Klein, Robert Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect
DATE OF BIRTH March 31, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH May 3, 1924
Place of death Moscow