Neschholz
The street village of Neschholz is part of the district town of Bad Belzig in the Brandenburg district of Potsdam-Mittelmark . Its area is seven square kilometers, on which around 150 people live.
The valley of the Streckerbach between the larger valleys of the Baitzer Bach and the Plane determines the natural integration of the place, which is part of the Hoher Fläming Nature Park . The agricultural village has a medieval stone church from the rare group of apse halls, which has a splendid interior painting.
Location and natural space
Location and transport links
Neschholz is about six kilometers east of Bad Belzig on the federal highway 246 and forms the easternmost part of Bad Belzig. About halfway to Bad Belzig, the neighboring village of Lüsse follows on the same main road , whose glider airfield - the venue for the 2008 World Championships in this sport - extends as far as Neschholz. To the east, Neschholz with the Wühlmühle pushes up to the tarpaulin and borders in the northeast on the districts of the village of Gömnigk from the city of Brück and in the southeast on the village of Ziezow, part of Locktow from the community of Planetal .
The north-western neighboring village of Baitz follows after just under three kilometers and again belongs to Brück. On the connecting road between the two villages is the Baitz train station, which connects Neschholz to the Wetzlar Railway at a distance of only around 1,500 meters . On the railway line between Berlin and Dessau , the regional express (RE 7) runs every hour to Berlin and Bad Belzig and every two hours to Dessau (from Bad Belzig).
Neschholzer Heide
The neighboring village of Baitz also forms a gateway to the extensive valley of Belziger Landschaftswiesen in the Baruther glacial valley . With the northern bulge of the Neschholzer Heide between Baitz and Trebitz / Gömnigk, the Neschholzer district itself borders on the extensive nature reserve of the landscape meadows, which is particularly dedicated to protecting the great bustard (Otis Tarda). The Neschholzer Heide ( heather = forest in Brandenburg / Berlin) consists mainly of pine trees . It rests on a small plateau that runs out in the Fuchsberg (64 meters) and Räuberberg (69 meters) and drops a few meters to the landscape meadows in the north. The car-free Europaradweg R1 , which connects Baitz and Trebitz , runs directly on the slope . The path offers a good overview of the wide, settlement-free lowland landscape.
Streckerbach
The eastern plateau border forms the valley of the Fläming main stream Plane, while to the west the Streckerbach cuts through the range of hills that narrow the Baruther glacial valley from eight kilometers in the landscape meadows to around three kilometers near Brück . The near-natural Streckerbach rises a good two kilometers south of the Neschholz village center on the Mörz / Locktow district, flows through Neschholz and flows into the Baitzer Bach after about five kilometers north of Baitz . In the summer months the stream has been falling dry in parts in the upper reaches for several years. Like the Baitzer Bach, which runs parallel about a kilometer to the west, the Streckerbach also formed a boggy valley until the Middle Ages, which the place name Neschholz = settlement on the ash forest indirectly reminds of. The tree of the year 2001, the common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.), prefers moist, nutrient-rich soils such as those found in alluvial forests , ravine forests , lowlands and oak - hornbeam forests.
History and economy
Etymology: settlement on the ash forest
The oldest written record of the village comes from 1385: czu Eczholte . In 1416 it was called czu dem Escholte , 1466 zcu Nescholtz , 1548 Escholtz and 1590 Neschholtz . The name goes back to the time of the damp valley and means settlement on the ash tree . According to the etymological derivation of Reinhard E. Fischer , today's form of the name was created by incorrectly adding the article [...]: to den Eschholt → Neschholt. (Similar to the formation of the Saxon place name Mohorn : 1452 bey dem Ahorn → 1470 Mahorn .)
The jurisdiction was between 1425 and 1550 with the Vogtei Belzig, after that the village belonged to the office Belzig-Rabenstein. Like the entire Belzig region, Neschholz was also Saxon for centuries until the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . The border between Brandenburg and the Saxon spa district ran through the Belzig landscape meadows.
The inventory of church visitations in the course of the Reformation shows twenty-four cultivated hooves and one vacant hoof for the year 1542 . The church had two acres of meadow in 1506 and three acres in 1591 . There are records from 1575 on the care of the pastor and sexton . Then “the pastor got a thirty rye, a thirty barley, 15 almonds of oats and 6 almonds of wheat as tithes . The sexton had 24 bushels of grain and 59 loaves ”.
Vole
Two kilometers from the village, in the easternmost tip of the Neschholz district, on the Fläming main river Plane, is the traditional vault mill. The watermill with holiday apartments and riding stables is part of the network of stations and paths in the Hoher Fläming Nature Park. With the riding stables, Neschholz also takes part in the tourist boom, which is increasingly complementing the traditional agricultural and forestry orientation in some nature park villages.
Etymology: Bösewiel
The first written mention of the still technically fully intact watermill can be found in 1565 in a note from Müller on Bosen Weill . About Bösewiehlmühle (1591) the term Wühlmühle came up in 1716 , then again to Bösenmühle in 1745 and finally to Wühlmühle in 1841 . According to Reinhard E. Fischer, the name comes from a neighboring meadow that was called Bösewiel . The focus is bad for bad and the Middle Low German wel or later Brandenburg Weel for vast expanse of water in the valley behind the dike and in the concrete frame of reference for a flushed from the Plane depth . When the original meaning of Bösewiel was lost, the no longer understandable name [...] was put to root. The villagers explained the name to themselves with the legend of Evil Wühl, a goblin who was up to mischief in the mill until he was driven away by a bear and the bear leader - a tale common in many places according to Fischer, with the names of the goblins adapted should make lost contexts understandable.
From the miller's trade to tourism
Although the mill is fully functional, it has been driven by a turbine for decades, so that the mill romance with an external water wheel dates back a long time. The owners have converted a large part of the building into a guest house with a modern riding stables and created extensive paddocks in the surrounding Planetal. As a riding and hiking base, the farm is part of the extensive network of stations and trails for trail riders in the Hoher Fläming Nature Park. Next to the mill there is an animal enclosure where the farm owners breed fallow deer . The tarpaulin offers a rich trout population in this area and bathing enthusiasts will find clear water in the Ziezower See, which is around 500 meters away in the Planetal community of the same name. The people of Neschholz have always come to swim at the lake.
Incorporation
Neschholz was incorporated into (Bad) Belzig on December 31, 2002.
House numbers - the end of a tradition
Not all Neschholzer were and are satisfied with the incorporation into the district town of Belzig. As is usual with such reorganizations, the people of Neschholz also had to change various street names such as Dorfstraße, Bahnhofstraße or Mühlenweg, which now existed several times in the Belziger area (now uniformly: Neschholz). Above all, a centuries-old tradition that the village had long defended came to an end. Contrary to all common methods of numbering the houses in the streets, the Neschholzers assigned the house numbers in the order in which they built their houses. Since some houses no longer existed, some numbers were missing, some streets had no number 1 and the numbers were wildly mixed up.
Since this was not entirely unproblematic for rescue workers who were unfamiliar with the location, such as the fire brigade and rescue service , the city of Belzig tried to bring about a change. In particular, the city's building and planning committee, which had problems with the development plans with the Neschholz counting method, pushed for an adjustment to “normal” customs. According to a report in the Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung dated November 8, 2005, the Neschholzer local advisory board objected to the exchange of numbers, arguing, among other things, that the digits had ultimately cost a lot of money. On March 27, 2006, however , the Belzig City Council decided for the district of Neschholz: The house numbers will be rearranged according to variant 4 of the house number plan.
Attractions
The Romanesque field stone church Neschholz from the first half of the 13th century with a half-timbered roof tower shows a splendid Baroque painting from the beginning of the 20th century.
Footnotes
- ^ Reinhard E. Fischer, Jürgen Neuendorf, Joachim Reso: Around Belzig. Place and field names, boulders and trees, streams and ponds. Publisher: Förderkreis Museum Burg Eisenhardt Belzig e. V., Book 4 on city history. The foreword is from 1997. p. 28.
- ^ Theo Engeser, Konstanze Stehr: Ev. Neschholz village church. userpage.fu-berlin.de The section “Feldsteinkirche Neschholz” is based entirely on information from Engeser / Stehr; the information from Viola Pfeifer (1997) is also taken from here.
- ^ Reinhard E. Fischer, Jürgen Neuendorf, Joachim Reso: Around Belzig. Place and field names, boulders and trees, streams and ponds. P. 41.
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
- ↑ Fred Hasselmann: Numbers salad in Neschholz. In: Märkische Allgemeine from November 8, 2005.
- ^ Resolutions of the Belzig City Council, March 27, 2006, public announcement. Decision no .: 307-22 / 06 (assignment of a street name in OT Neschholz) online ( memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Reinhard E. Fischer: Brandenburg name book. Part 2. The place names of the Belzig district. Böhlau Verlag 1970.
Web links
Bad Belzig with Sandberg | Mountain wood | Borne | Dippmannsdorf | Fredersdorf | Groß Briesen with the municipality of Klein Briesen | Hagelberg with the municipality of Klein Glien | Kuhlowitz with the Preußnitz part of the municipality | Luebnitz | Lusses | Lütte | Neschholz | Ragosen | Schwanebeck | Werbig with the municipality parts Egelinde , High Jump , Verlorenwasser
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ N , 12 ° 42 ′ E