Fredersdorf (Bad Belzig)
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Fredersdorf
Municipality Bad Belzig
Coordinates: 52 ° 11 ′ 20 ″ N , 12 ° 38 ′ 15 ″ E
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| Residents : | 381 (Jan. 1, 2015) |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2002 |
The road Angersdorf Fredersdorf is a part of the district town Belzig in the Brandenburg district Potsdam-Mittelmark and is located in the High Fläming Nature Park .
The place with 397 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2011) has a medieval manor house , a stone church from the 13th century and a functioning historical water mill . The place is also interesting due to its advanced location in the Baruther glacial valley on the edge of the nature reserve Belziger Landschaftswiesen .
Fredersdorf is a member of the working group “Historic Village Centers in the State of Brandenburg” .
Natural location and economy
Belziger landscape meadows
Fredersdorf has a special position in terms of its natural location, as it is the only one of the western peripheral villages of the otherwise settlement-free landscape meadows to be located a bit in the glacial valley. Although the distance to the Fläminghang and the neighboring village of Schwanebeck , with which Fredersdorf alone is directly connected, is only around one kilometer, the village nevertheless gives a particularly good idea of the biotope-specific flora and fauna of the flow-through moor, which is rare in Brandenburg, with its network of near-natural streams.
Behind the village church a path leads into the landscape meadows and to the fast-flowing Belziger / Fredersdorfer Bach, which opens up the natural area in its diversity in an almost ideal type. To enter the soon following European bird sanctuary that which the special protection of particularly vulnerable Great Bustard ( Otis Trada ) has prescribed, require a license. The chance of getting close to the bird , formerly also known as the Märkische Strauss , is not too great, however, as the extremely shy meadow breeder has a long escape distance that lets people perceive it long before it notices it. In the hunter's Latin the bustards have an eye on every feather .
To the west of the village there is a disused station of the single-track Brandenburg city railway , which between 1904 and 1962 connected Treuenbrietzen via Belzig and Rathenow with Neustadt (Dosse) . Trains running on the section between Belzig and Brandenburg an der Havel stopped in Fredersdorf for another 41 years . This section of the route was discontinued in December 2003.
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Tourism, mill and bed races
In the village, the Belziger / Fredersdorfer Bach forms a typical mill brook, which occasionally drives the internal water wheel of the Fredersdorf watermill for crushing forage. The well and completely preserved mill has a " turbine drive for two roller mills , grinding and crushing pass , plansifter , squeezer [and a] standing mixer (complete MIAG system)". The plant has been shut down and is only partially put into operation for demonstrations such as the German Milling Day .
Like many businesses in the villages on the Belziger Landschaftswiesen and in the Hoher Fläming Nature Park, the historic mill also participates in the tourist boom that the natural environment and its targeted marketing are increasingly bringing to the region. The miller's family set up a boarding house with a restaurant on the site. She demonstrates the plant and the mill technology after consultation and registration by telephone.
The bizarre “bed race”, which took place every year on Whitsunday from 1989 to 2008, had become a tourist attraction in the village . Muscle or motorized bed frames competed for the public on the Fredersdorf sports field. The more unusual, colorful and creative the construction, the higher the chance of winning. Some bed wagons were prepared in such a way that they were reminiscent of motif wagons at carnival parades . In the 2006 race, the Beelitz witch's bed with a crew of around 10 proved to be a victorious sleepyhead. The traditional folk festival , which was declared a cult , began with the bed ball on Whit Saturday, which was only allowed to be visited in sleeping clothes and appropriate costumes.
Agriculture under contract nature conservation
The traditional form of economy in the small village is agriculture , which also determines economic life today. The special natural location of the place leads to a specific form of agriculture, which is characterized by its inclusion in the nature conservation ordinance Belziger Landschaftswiesen under the term of contractual nature conservation .
Of the 2,461 hectares of the nature reserve, a little more than half of the agricultural use is available for arable farming, as pasture and for hay production. The economic interests are brought into harmony with the requirements of nature conservation , for example by dividing this area again into three zones with different usage restrictions. The arable land, on the other hand, is partly based on medieval multi-field farming with alternating strips of grain, peas, lupins, rape, clover and potatoes, because the resulting mosaic of rotational and permanent fallow land provides the great bustard with the ecologically necessary breeding and feeding areas (cf. in detail Belziger landscape meadows , chapter "Nature Conservation as Interest Management" and "Meadow and Landscape Management").
history
From the Slavic ring wall to Vrederikestorp
The castle wall burgwardium belizi , which formed the center of the Slavic Gau Ploni from the 9th to 11th centuries and was first mentioned in a document in 997, was near Eisenhardt Castle in the core town of Bad Belzig . Fredersdorf was also very likely a Slavic settlement area, because the remains of a ditch and oval ring wall indicate the location of a former Slavic hill fort northeast of the village. In 1157, after several failed German attempts in the previous centuries, the first Margrave Albrecht the Bear succeeded in decisively defeating the Slavs , headed by Prince Jaxa von Köpenick , and in founding the Margraviate of Brandenburg . According to Lutz Partenheimer, a participant in the siege of the old residence of the Heveller princes in 1157 was possibly Baderich von Jabilinze, who had meanwhile started building his own rule around Belzig Castle in Fläming and was thus in competition with the Ascanians , even if he supported them in 1157 would have. From the very beginning, the region was a competing area for Brandenburg, whose ownership changed between the Margraviate of Meißen , the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Archdiocese of Magdeburg . It was not until the Congress of Vienna in 1815 that Belzig and Fredersdorf finally fell to Prussia . Up until this point in time, the landscape meadows formed the border between the Kingdom of Saxony and the Mark Brandenburg, which was north of Fredersdorf.
Fredersdorf was one of the first villages that German settlers took over from the Slavs or founded new ones next to old Slavic locations, as the early construction of the village church shows. Historians agree that it was built between 1260 and 1300. In 1313 the village was first mentioned in a document as “ville Vrederikestorp”, which Fischer interprets as “Friedrich's village”.
Early headland
Around 21,000 years ago, the runoff of the Vistula Ice Age meltwater washed out the Baruther glacial valley, in which the inland ice reached its maximum extent to the south. For a long time, the valley was a swampy , inaccessible area in which the farmers first cleared the dense swamp forests and built the first small-scale canal system for drainage only in the 19th century. The extensive, close-knit melioration measures with the development of the Belziger landscape meadows, as they are today as a protected area, took place in the 1970s. The fact that Fredersdorf was already settled during the Slav period and immediately afterwards in the course of the German colonization in the east indicates that a dry "headland" pushed into the swampy glacial valley here early on.
Manor and family von Oppen
Manor house and diary
The manor house of Oppen from 1719 is a one-storey plastered building with broad floors. Under a mansard hipped roof is a seven-axis core structure, which was supplemented by two symmetrical side wings in 1748. The baroque core of the former manor house was preserved despite the extensions and renovations. The entrance portal is crowned by two stone vases with faces and coats of arms. A spacious park on the edge of the Belziger landscape meadows surrounds the house. While the walls still housed a tourist station in 2000, it was completely cleared in 2006 for a thorough restoration.
In 1719, the client was Ludwig von Oppen from the old Brandenburg aristocratic von Oppen family, who had lived in the Belzig area for centuries. As early as 1227, a castellan "von Oppen" was appointed from the Saxon side of Eisenhardt Castle , who [was] the landlord of the Niemegk lands. His property was in both Brandenburg and Saxony .
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Well-known member of the family is above all the church politician and economic reformer Matthias von Oppen , who was born a few kilometers up the Urstromtal in Schlalach, a village that today belongs to the municipality of Mühlenfließ . In the middle of the 19th century, the diary of the later Halberstadt canon and dechhanten emerged by chance , which has since been one of the most important sources in Central Germany for the period before the Thirty Years War .
Kossenblatt
The family was also active outside of the Belziger area. For example, Theodor Fontane reports in Volume 2 "Oderland" of the walks through the Mark Brandenburg that in 1581 the Brandenburg Chamberlain Georg von Oppen came into possession of the von Kossenblatt manor. Kossenblatt stayed with the von Oppen family for three generations. She lived in the “old manor house” there until 1699, before Hans Albrecht von Barfus bought the house and converted it into a castle. The village of Kossenblatt today belongs to the municipality of Tauche near the city of Beeskow . This area also changed hands several times between Meißen, Brandenburg and Saxony and in the Middle Ages belonged to Lower Lusatia .
Patronage Lodge and the Bismarck von Adlershof
In the Fredersdorf village church, the von Oppens had a representative, glazed patronage box built, which clearly underlined their rule . The box is still there today and takes up the entire width of the ship . The patronage later went to the Oppen von Huldenberg family, who held it until 1945. This branch of the family is best known through the Berlin Rittmeister and local politician Hans Ludwig Waldemar Oppen von Huldenberg (1837–1901), who was popularly known as "Bismarck von Adlershof". Because the last landowner in Adlershof (by marriage) also had police powers during his time as head of office and made no secret of his opposition to social democracy . In the Berlin-Treptow district of Adlershof there was the “Oppenplatz” named after him and the “Oppenstraße”, today's Otto-Franke-Straße, until 1962.
Incorporation
Fredersdorf was incorporated into (Bad) Belzig on December 31, 2002.
Field stone church
The field stone building from the second half of the 13th century has an unusual length in relation to its width, which goes back to a later eastern crypt extension with the mansion box above. According to Engeser / Stehr, the original building was 20.50 meters long and 9.85 meters wide. Today the church, which is almost exactly east-west oriented, is a rectangular church with a later attached, strongly recessed, square west tower and an extension the width of a ship to the east . While the original building consists of field stones, the extension and the higher tower parts are made of brick . The current tower dates from 1859 and is built on a field stone foundation from the previous tower.
The original openings have not been preserved apart from two clogged windows. In addition to two vertical rectangular windows on the east side, four large arched windows each define the two sides of the ship on the south and north sides. The roof has on the west gable north and south of the tower crenellated trims from brick on which the design of Cistercian remember that since 1180 only a few kilometers beyond the glacial valley in Lehnin in Zauche sat and the settlement policy of askanischen rulers missio alternately, ackerbauend and teaching. The roof of the ship is covered with plain tiles.
From the richly furnished interior, Engeser / Stehr particularly highlight the late Renaissance altarpiece . There are two galleries in the west and south , while the west gallery has two floors . In addition, the glazed stately patronage box, which is housed above the crypt extension, characterizes the picture. According to Dehio, there is a wooden death shield for HF von Oppen († 1677) on the south wall . The crypt has been cleared since 1959/1960 and serves as a storage room for appliances and heating material. During repair work on the damaged organ in the Schuke organ workshop in Potsdam , it turned out in 1972 that the organ was made by the Wittenberg university organ builder Johann Ephraim Hübner and dates from 1770/1780. It also showed that the Treuenbrietzen organ builder Johann Friedrich Turley added a pedal register in 1837/1838.
Individual evidence
- ^ Participants in the German Milling Day June 5, 2006, see Potsdam-Mittelmark, No. 36 ( Memento from July 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Results of the bed race 2006 with pictures ( memento of the original from October 26, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Homepage of the Sportgemeinschaft Fredersdorf e. V., host of the race.
- ↑ a b Castles and palaces in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, Deitail page ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Theo Engeser and Konstanze Stehr, Fredersdorf village church
- ↑ Eisenhardt Castle
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
literature
- Jan Feustel : Between watermills and swamp forests, A travel and adventure guide to the Baruther Urstromtal , Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930388-11-1 , p. 162
- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 2, Oderland. After the paperback edition in 5 volumes, Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-485-00292-5 , see chapter Schloss Kossenblatt, p. 384
- Lutz Partenheimer : Albrecht the Bear . 2nd Edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-412-16302-3 , quotation p. 141, see also p. 191
Web links
- German Milling Day June 5, 2006 ( Memento from July 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) see Potsdam-Mittelmark, No. 36
- Theo Engeser and Konstanze Stehr, village church Fredersdorf beyond the directly given footnotes, the section “Feldsteinkirche” is largely based on the representations of Engeser / Stehr, and Dehio's information also comes from this source
Bad Belzig with Sandberg | Mountain wood | Borne | Dippmannsdorf | Fredersdorf | Groß Briesen with the municipality of Klein Briesen | Hagelberg with the municipality of Klein Glien | Kuhlowitz with the Preußnitz part of the municipality | Luebnitz | Lusses | Lütte | Neschholz | Ragosen | Schwanebeck | Werbig with the municipality parts Egelinde , High Jump , Verlorenwasser