Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast (NSE) was one of British Rail's three passenger sectors formed in 1982. NSE mainly operated commuter trains around London and connections in the densely populated south-east of England , but the network extended to Exeter in the west . Before 1986 the sector was called London & South Eastern .
When British Rail was privatized on April 1, 1994, Regional Railways was gradually divided into various concessions.
history
Before British Rails' sectorization in 1982, the system was divided into regions: those for connections around London were London Midland Region (Marylebone, Euston, St Pancras and Broad Street), Southern Region (Waterloo, Victoria, Charing Cross, Holborn Viaduct, and Cannon Street London Bridge), Western Region (Paddington) and Eastern Region (King's Cross, Moorgate, Broad Street, Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street).
In 1983, British Rail began to replace the operating regions with some business units: InterCity for long-distance trains, London & South Eastern (NSE) for regional traffic in the greater area and up to the Channel coast, Provincial for other regional trains (including commuter trains outside of Greater London), Railfreight for the Freight transport and mail. British Rail's regions were kept for administration. The aim of the sectorization was to improve the balance sheet. Although BR owned all five sectors, the sectors were given responsibility for important things (vehicles, tracks, stations).
Sectorization brought big changes to London with the creation of NSE. In contrast to Provincial, which was set up to operate subsidized national and regional connections, Network SouthEast was expected to require few grants. Not every route was profitable, but NSE charged the other BR sectors when they used the NSE tracks and used the proceeds from more profitable connections to cross-subsidize unprofitable routes. Although NSE did not have its own infrastructure. it could act quite independently. NSE, in coordination with BR, had its own objectives and guidelines and established its own administrative structure and oversight. BR allowed NSE to decide on timetables, advertising, infrastructure extensions and vehicle specifications on NSE lines and links. NSE owned its outfit, which was given its own colors, as other sectors (and local public transport authorities in metropolitan areas) did. The color scheme of the sector became known as Jaffa Cake . It consisted of chocolate brown, orange, and gray tones.
In 1986, under the new director Chris Green , L&SE was renamed Network SouthEast, and a new coat of paint in the British national colors red-white-blue was introduced.
During the privatization, NSE was divided into various concessions, the Waterloo & City Line , which is technically the same as the London underground network, sold to London Underground for a symbolic pound sterling .
Since September 15, 2007, when unit 465193, the last multiple unit of the 465 series was repainted by Southeastern in their corporate colors, there are no longer any scheduled regular vehicles in the Network SouthEast livery.
Network Railcard
Although NSE no longer exists, the bundling of services that NSE set prior to privatization remained with the Network Railcard, which can be bought for £ 30 and a 34% discount for adults and a 60% discount for dependent children after 10:00 on working days and all day on weekends (minimum weekday fare: £ 13).
Subdivisions
NSE had several sub-divisions:
| Subdivision | Main lines | Route description |
|---|---|---|
| Chiltern | Chiltern Main Line , London – Aylesbury Railway | London Marylebone – Aylesbury / Banbury |
| Great Eastern | Great Eastern Main Line | London Liverpool Street-Norwich / Ipswich / Harwich / Clacton-on-Sea / Walton-on-the-Naze / Southend Victoria |
| Great Northern | East Coast Main Line , Hitchin – Cambridge Railway | London King's Cross – Peterborough / Cambridge (and later London King's Cross-Cambridge-King's Lynn) |
| Island Line | Island Line (Isle of Wight) | Ryde-Shanklin |
| Kent Link | North Kent Line , Bexleyheath Line , Dartford Loop Line , Mid-Kent Line , Catford Loop Line , Hayes Line | London Victoria / Charing Cross – Dartford / Gravesend / Gillingham / Orpington / Sevenoaks / Hayes |
| Kent Coast | Chatham Main Line , Hastings Line , Sheerness Line , South Eastern Main Line | London Victoria / Charing Cross – Margate / Dover / Folkestone / Ashford / Tunbridge Wells / Hastings (and later North Downs connections to Redhill / Three Bridges) |
| London, Tilbury and Southend | London, Tilbury and Southend Railway | London Fenchurch Street – Tilbury – Southend Central – Shoeburyness |
| North Downs | North Downs Line | Reading – Guildford – Reigate – Gatwick Airport – Tonbridge |
| Northampton Line / North London Lines | West Coast Main Line , Marston Vale Line , North London Line | London Euston / Broad Street - Watford - Milton Keynes - Northampton - Birmingham, Bedford - Bletchley |
| Solent and Wessex | Portsmouth Direct Line , South Western Main Line | London Waterloo – Guildford – Portsmouth, London Waterloo – Basingstoke – Southampton – Bournemouth – Weymouth |
| South London Line | South London Lines , Oxted Line , Sutton & Mole Valley Lines | London Victoria and London Bridge to Croydon
London Victoria – East Grinstead / Uckfield / Sutton / Epsom Downs / Dorking / Horsham |
| South Western Line | Alton Line , Waterloo – Reading railroad Southwest London suburban connections via Wimbledon and Richmond | London Waterloo – Alton / Reading / Windsor / Guildford / Epsom / Chessington South / Dorking / Hampton Court / Kingston Circle / Shepperton / Hounslow Circle / Weybridge |
| Sussex Coast | Brighton Main Line , Arun Valley Line , East Coastway Line , West Coastway Line | London Victoria / London Bridge – Gatwick Airport – Brighton / Eastbourne / Littlehampton, Brighton – Hastings, Brighton – Portsmouth – Southampton |
| Thames | Great Western Main Line , Cotswold Line Slough – Windsor railway | London Paddington – Slough– (–Windsor–) Reading – Oxford – Worcester / Stratford |
| Thameslink | Thameslink | Bedford – Luton – London – Gatwick Airport – Brighton |
| Waterloo & City | Waterloo & City Line | Waterloo Bank |
| West Anglia | Fen Line , Lea Valley Line | London Liverpool Street – Harlow – Cambridge – King's Lynn (express connections to Cambridge and almost all connections to King's Lynn, later transferred to the Great Northern route from London King's Cross); London Liverpool Street – Stansted Airport |
| West of England | West of England Main Line | London Waterloo-Basingstoke-Salisbury-Exeter |
modernization
Soon after the conception, Network SouthEast began to modernize parts of the route network that had run down after years of underfunding. An example are routes north-west of London.
Routes northwest of London ( Chiltern Lines )
The Chiltern Lines run on two railway lines ( Chiltern Main Line and London – Aylesbury railway ) from Marylebone station to Aylesbury and Banbury . These lines used to be GWR and GCR express trains to Wolverhampton and Nottingham . After the Beeching Ax in the 1960s, they were run down due to a lack of investment and reduced performance.
In the late 1980s, the 25-year-old class 115 multiple units had to be replaced; the permissible line speeds were low, and in many cases mechanical interlockings with form signals built around the turn of the century were still in operation; the railway systems needed more than a coat of paint.
NSE noted that something needed to be changed quickly with these connections. Numerous plans for these lines have been proposed. A major plan was to close the line between Marylebone and South Ruislip / Harrow on the Hill . That would have meant that Marylebone train station would have closed and converted into a bus station. The Metropolitan Line would have been extended to Aylesbury and BR services from Aylesbury would have been routed to Paddington Station via High Wycombe. The route north of Princes Risborough would also have been closed. The plan was not carried out because the Baker Street and Paddington stations were no longer receptive.
Finally, the line was extensively rebuilt. The class 115 railcars were replaced by new ones of class 165 . The safety technology was modernized and ATP was introduced. The line speed was increased to 75 miles per hour (120.7 kilometers per hour). Because of the joint operation with the Metropolitan Line of the London Underground between Harrow and Amersham , even higher speeds were not acceptable. Through tracks in stations were dismantled and the line between Bicester and Aynho was put back on a track. Railway stations were partly renovated and partly rebuilt (10 million pounds were spent on railway stations alone), signal boxes and freight transport systems were demolished. The train frequency has increased and a new workshop has been built in Aylesbury. Work began in 1988 and lasted until 1992. Demand increased considerably and the route became profitable. However, the route was reduced to a suburban railway.
The envisaged electrification was rejected as too expensive, mainly because of the joint operation with London Underground and their power rail system with 660 volts DC voltage, while British Rail north of London uses overhead lines with 25 kV AC voltage at 50 Hertz.
The Chiltern Main Line , it is now possible, with the West Coast Main Line to compete, so that it now plans are to further increase the speed and viergleisig expand sections as it partially before the Beeching cuts was and modernization of the case .
New trains
New vehicles have been procured for many routes under Network SouthEast:
- Chiltern - BR Class 165
- Great Eastern - BR Class 321
- Great Northern - BR Class 365
- Island Line - BR-Class 483 ( London Underground 1938 Stock ) (Former underground vehicles built from 1938; replaced older vehicles)
- Kent Coast - BR Class 465 , BR Class 466 , BR Class 365
- North Downs - British Rail Class 165 , British Rail Class 166
- Northampton Line - BR Class 321
- Solent and Wessex - BR Class 442
- South London Lines - BR Class 456
- Thames - BR class 165 , BR class 166
- Thameslink BR class 319
- Waterloo and City - BR Class 482 ( LU 1992 Stock )
- West Anglia BR Class 317 and BR Class 322
- West of England BR-Class 159
Comment: Network SouthEast also wanted to procure class 168 diesel multiple units for the Chiltern Main Line , but this failed due to privatization. After the privatization, the new operator, Chiltern Railways , procured vehicles of this type.
privatization
In the course of privatization, NSE was divided into concessions :
| Original concession | stretch | Changes since then |
|---|---|---|
| LTS Rail | London, Tilbury and Southend | Renamed to c2c |
| Chiltern Railways (management) | Chiltern | Unchanged |
| Great Eastern Railway | Great Eastern | Renamed First Great Eastern , then merged into a larger concession operated by National Express East Anglia , with Abellio Greater Anglia since 2012 |
| Thames Trains | North Downs Thames section (Gatwick / Redhill - Dorking / Guildford / Reading) |
Merged into a larger concession operated by First Great Western |
| Island Line | Island Line | Operated by Stagecoach South Western Trains, Iceland Line ( Island route called) |
| North London Railways | Northampton Line North London Line |
Renamed to Silverlink , later split into two concessions, London Midland (around Northampton) and London Overground (North London) |
| South Eastern | Kent Coast, Kent Link, North Downs (Tonbridge – Redhill section) | The original operator Connex Connex South Eastern mentioned, then by South Eastern Trains operated, then Southeastern given |
| Network SouthCentral |
South London Line Sussex Coast |
The original operator Connex South Central called, then Southern given |
| Thameslink | Thameslink | Merged into one of First Capital Connect run larger concession, now of Govia Thameslink Railway operated |
| WAGN | Great Northern West Anglia |
Split, Great Northern to First Capital Connect, now with Govia Thameslink Railway, and West Anglia to National Express East Anglia, now with Greater Anglia |
| South West Trains | Solent & Wessex South Western Line West of England Line |
Operated by Stagecoach South Western Trains, known as South West Trains |
gallery
Individual evidence
- ^ Mark Lawrence: Network SouthEast - From Sectorization to Privatization . Sparkford, Oxford Publishing Co. 1994
- ^ A b David St John Thomas, Whitehouse, Patrick: BR in the Eighties . David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1990, ISBN 0-7153-9854-7 .
- ^ Network SouthEast . In: Jane's Railway Year . September 6, pp. 4-11.
- ^ Rail Magazine 575
- ^ Network Railcard . Archived from the original on November 2, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ [1]
- ^ Network Rail route plan for Chilterns November 2007 . Retrieved October 22, 2014.
