Horia (Arad)
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Horia, Panatul Nou Neupanat Újpanád |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Arad | ||||
| Municipality : | Vladimirescu | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 12 ' N , 21 ° 28' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 2,278 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 317407 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 57 | ||||
| License plate : | AR | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Ioan Crișan ( PSD ) | ||||
Horia (until 1948 Panatul Nou , German Neupanat , Hungarian Újpanád ) is a village in the Arad district , in the Banat , in Romania . Horia village belongs to Vladimirescu municipality .
Geographical location
Horia is located in the Arad district, north of the Marosch , 8 kilometers northeast of the district capital Arad , on the Arad- Șiria road (German: Hellburg ).
Neighboring places
| Zimandu Nou | Sântana | Șiria |
| Livada |
.svg)
|
Covăsinț |
| Arad | Vladimirescu | Ghioroc |
history
The settlement "Panad" (1333) already existed in the area of Horia in the Middle Ages, as can be seen from the papal tithe lists from the 14th century. In 1561 the place "Panath" was still inhabited, but soon afterwards the Turks invaded the Arad area and devastated the place, which has been uninhabited since then.
It was not until the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699 that the area north of the Marosch fell back to Hungary . "Panath" became a predium (uninhabited place). By order of Emperor Joseph II , 150 farmhouses were built on the camera property "Puszta Panat" in 1786–1787 by the Impopulationsrentamt, responsible for the settlement of the camera properties with German colonists. The settlement of Neupanat with Germans was carried out by the Hungarian Court Chamber, which was subordinate to the Emperor in Vienna .
The settlers came mainly from the southwest of the German Empire from Lorraine , today's Saarland , the Hunsrück , the Palatinate , the Rhineland , the Westerwald , Hesse , Alsace and Main Franconia . They arrived in Arad from May 28, 1785 until around September of the same year and were billeted in Glogowatz , Kovasintz , Menes and Kuvin . The colonist families spent two years there because the construction of houses was going very slowly. At the end of 1786 the first colonists were able to move into the newly built houses on the "Puszta Panath". In January 1787 another 56 families and in autumn the last colonists were settled in Neupanat.
The official place name was Neupanat until 1835 , from 1835 to 1922 Új-Panát . In the interwar period the place was officially called Panatul Nou ; Horia has been the official place name since 1948 .
On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Horia also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania .
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. The Germans from Romania had to pay for this after Romania switched sides on August 23, 1944. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s .
The nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, resulted in the expropriation of all commercial enterprises.
Demographics
| census | Ethnicity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | Romanians | Hungary | German | Other | |||
| 1880 | 2086 | 56 | 38 | 1882 | 110 | |||
| 1890 | 2088 | 56 | 19th | 2008 | 5 | |||
| 1910 | 2075 | 40 | 52 | 1980 | 3 | |||
| 1930 | 1919 | 29 | 10 | 1880 | - | |||
| 1941 | 1952 | 26th | 1 | 1914 | 11 | |||
| 1977 | 2377 | 945 | 17th | 1402 | 13 | |||
| 1992 | 2205 | 2078 | 27 | 69 | 31 | |||
| 2002 | 2278 | 2181 | 32 | 40 | 27 | |||
Personalities
- Werner Söllner (1951–2019), writer
See also
- List of German and Hungarian names of Romanian places
- Portal: Romania / List of localities in the Banat
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf (journalist, 1947) Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
- Alexander Kummergruber: Commemorative sheets for the 150th anniversary celebration of the parish Panatulnou (Neupanat) 1787-1937 , Timișoara 1937.
- Anton Schmalz: 200 years of Neupanat - small home book , Frankfurt am Main 1987.
Web links
- neupanat.de , HOG Neupanat
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b neupanat.de , HOG Neupanat
- ↑ a b banater-schwaben.org ( memento of the original dated November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ kia.hu , E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnicity in the Arad district according to censuses from 1880–2002
